Menopause is professionally called "perimenopause" in medical terms, and it is a continuous and gradual process that starts from the time when the body shows a series of symptoms due to the decline of ovarian function and changes in estrogen levels, and ends 1 year after complete menopause. This process can be as short as 2 or 3 years, or as long as more than 10 years, and the time at which the symptoms become apparent varies, and may occur in the 40s, or in the 30s or 50s.

All of the above annoying physical problems, together with changes in hormone levels and social roles, will make women have more emotional ups and downs at this stage, and even have a high probability of having some psychological problems. At this time, we need to give them more understanding, patience and companionship, ask and listen to their feelings, and support them to seek professional help when their normal life is affected (you can choose obstetrics and gynecology, endocrinology, psychiatry and so on, depending on the specific symptoms).

As estrogen levels decline, bone loss can outpace renewal and remodeling, and osteoporosis may occur, increasing the risk of fracture. As estrogen decreases, beneficial high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) decreases and dangerous low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-D) increases, along with triglycerides and some procoagulant substances, and the risk of atherosclerosis, coronary artery disease, and other diseases all rise.

Additionally hormonal changes, lack of sleep, insulin resistance and other factors will all make it easier for you to hoard fat, especially abdominal fat can easily increase, and will grow an annoying belly. The harsher reality is that due to muscle loss and other reasons, if you want to keep your weight off in your 50s, you need to consume 100~200kcal less per day than you did in your 30s to do so.

If you can't get regular sun exposure, vitamin D is something you should take. Also green leafy vegetables are rich in calcium and should be eaten more often, by blanching can improve the absorption and utilization of calcium in them.