When many students review their first-year geography knowledge, they have not done a systematic summary before, resulting in low review efficiency. The following is the "Summary of Knowledge Points in the First Volume of Geography for the First Grade" compiled by me for everyone. It is for reference only. You are welcome to read this article.

Knowledge points for the seventh grade geography volume (1)

The Earth and the globe

1. Shape: The Earth is an irregular shape with slightly flattened poles and slightly bulging equator. sphere.

2. Size: radius: 6371 kilometers; polar radius: 6357 kilometers; equatorial circumference: 40,000 kilometers.

3. Globe: A globe is a model of the earth. (Find the earth's axis, poles, and equator on the globe)

4. Meridian:

Characteristics of meridian: all meridian are the same length; meridian indicates the north-south direction; meridian is a semicircle.

Longitude: 0°-180°; the 0° longitude is the prime meridian, the east longitude is the east longitude, represented by the letter E, and the west of the 0° longitude is the west longitude, represented by the letter W;

5. Latitude lines:

Characteristics of latitude lines: latitude lines vary in length, with the equator being the longest and gradually shortening toward the north and south poles; latitude lines both indicate the east-west direction;

Latitude lines are a complete round.

Latitude: 0°-90°; 0° latitude is the equator, north of the equator is northern latitude, represented by the letter N; south of the equator is southern latitude,

represented by the letter S .

6. Division of low, middle and high latitudes:

In the northern and southern hemispheres, 0°-30° is low latitude, 30°-60° is mid-latitude, and 60°-90° is high latitude.

The western hemisphere is west of 20°W and east of 160°E;

8. The position of any place on the earth can be determined using the longitude and latitude grid on the globe.

9. The Earth’s rotation:

Direction: from west to east; Period: one day (24 hours); Center of rotation: Earth’s axis.

Geographical significance: The change of day and night and the difference in time.

10. Earth’s revolution:

Center of revolution: sun; direction: from west to east; period: one year; orbit: ellipse.

Geographical significance: Produces seasonal changes and changes in the length of day and night.

11. Division of the five zones:

Seventh grade geography knowledge points (Part 2)

Map

1. Representation of scale Methods: literal type, line segment type, digital type

2. Comparison of scale sizes: the larger the denominator, the smaller the scale; the smaller the denominator, the larger the scale.

3. The larger the scale, the smaller the range of representation and the more detailed the content; the smaller the scale, the larger the range of representation and the simpler the content.

4. Scale = distance on the map ÷ distance on the ground

5. Expression method of direction on the map:

For general maps, use the general orientation method: facing Map, up, north, down, south, left, west, right, east.

For maps with indicators, use the pointing method: the direction of the arrow pointing to the indicator generally points to the north.

For maps with a graticule, use the graticule orientation method: longitude lines indicate the north-south direction, and latitude lines indicate the east-west direction.

6. Legend: Symbols representing various geographical things on the map. (Remember the commonly used legends)

7. Notes: On the map, used to illustrate mountains and rivers , names of countries, cities, etc., as well as numbers indicating mountain heights and water depths

8. Altitude (absolute height): the vertical distance above sea level at a location on the earth's surface.

Relative height: The vertical distance that a certain point on the earth's surface is higher than another point.

Contour lines: lines connecting points with the same altitude on a map.

9. On a contour topographic map, dense contour lines indicate a steeper slope; sparse contour lines indicate a gentler slope.

10. Determine the terrain based on the characteristics of contour lines:

Top of the mountain: The contour line is high in the middle and low on the surrounding sides.

Ridge: Contour lines bulge downwards.

Valley: Contour lines bulge upwards.

Saddle: The contour lines on both sides are relatively high.

Cliff: A place where multiple contour lines overlap.

Knowledge points for seventh-grade geography volume 1 (3)

The world’s land and oceans

1. The proportion of land and water area on the earth’s surface: ocean 71, land 29, Three parts land and seven parts ocean.

2. Seven continents: Asia, Africa, North America, South America, Antarctica, Europe, and Oceania. (Arranged in descending order of area)

Four oceans: Pacific, Atlantic, Indian Ocean, Arctic Ocean. (Arranged in descending order of area)

Can accurately find the distribution of the seven continents and four oceans on the world map.

3. The dividing lines between continents:

Asia, Europe: Ural Mountains, Ural River, Greater Caucasus Mountains, Turkish Strait.

Asia, Africa: Suez Canal.

North America, South America: Panama Canal.

Asia, North America: Bering Strait.

4. Land terrain includes five categories: plains, plateaus, mountains, hills, and basins.

5. The Himalayas, Cordillera Mountains, Tibetan Plateau, and Amazon Plain can be found on the topographic map.

6. Read the continental topographic map and judge the general terrain of the continent.

7. Plate tectonics theory:

The lithosphere on the earth’s surface is composed of six major plates, namely the Eurasian plate, the African plate, and the Indian Ocean plate.

Pacific Plate, American Plate, and Antarctic Plate. The interior of the plate is relatively stable, and the crustal movement at the edge of the plate is relatively active.

Easy to form volcanoes and earthquakes.

8. The two major volcanic and seismic zones in the world:

The Pacific Rim volcanic and seismic zone and the Mediterranean-Himalaya volcanic and seismic zone.

Knowledge points of the seventh grade geography volume (IV)

The climate of the world

1. Weather: the atmospheric conditions (wind, rain, cold and heat) of a place in a short period of time , cloudy or sunny, etc.), the weather is short-term and changes frequently.

Climate: The average weather conditions in a place for many years. The climate is long-term and relatively stable.

2. Know the commonly used weather symbols.

3. Air temperature refers to the temperature of the atmosphere, the unit is ℃, and the measurement method is a thermometer.

4. The temperature changes throughout the day. The highest temperature on land generally occurs around 2 o'clock in the afternoon, and the lowest temperature occurs around sunrise.

The temperature changes throughout the year. The average monthly highest temperature on land in the Northern Hemisphere is July and the lowest temperature is January. The opposite is true in the Southern Hemisphere.

5. Diurnal temperature range: the difference between the highest temperature and the lowest temperature in a day.

Annual temperature range: the difference between the average temperature of the hottest month and the average temperature of the coldest month in a year.

6. Vertical changes in temperature: At the same location, for every 100 meters of elevation increase, the temperature drops by 0.6°C.

7. Learn to read the world annual average isotherm map.

8. Distribution rules of world annual average temperature:

Global temperature decreases from low latitudes to high latitudes;

Ocean and land temperatures are different at the same latitude;

At the same latitude, plateaus and mountains have low temperatures, while plains have high temperatures.

9. Learn to read temperature curves.

10. Precipitation: Water vapor in the air falls on the ground in the form of rain, snow, hail, etc., which is called precipitation. The measurement method is a rain gauge, and the unit is millimeters (mm).

11. Be able to analyze seasonal changes in precipitation in a place.

12. Learn to read the world precipitation distribution map.

13. Regional differences in world precipitation:

There is more precipitation in the equatorial region and less precipitation in the polar regions;

Near the Tropic of Cancer in the south and north, the east coast of the continent has more precipitation. , less on the west coast;

In temperate zones, there is less precipitation in the interior of the continent and more along the coast;

There is more precipitation on the windward slopes of mountains and less precipitation on the leeward slopes.

14. Learn to read precipitation histograms.

15. The main influencing factors of world climate: latitude, sea and land location, terrain, etc.

16. Know the main climate types and distribution.

17. Can give examples of the impact of climate on production and life.

Knowledge points of the seventh grade geography volume (V)

Residents of the world

1. Natural population growth rate = birth rate - death rate

2. Population density = total population ÷ area

3. Densely populated areas of the world:

East and south Asia, Europe and eastern America and other mid-latitude offshore plain areas .

The sparsely populated areas of the world:

Arid desert areas with water shortage, rainforest areas with high temperature and humidity, high latitude areas with severe cold all year round, and plateau mountainous areas with high terrain and thin air.

4. Population issues:

Rapid population growth will lead to food shortages, housing shortages, traffic congestion, difficulty in going to school, employment, medical treatment, and resource constraints.

Slow population growth will lead to labor shortages, insufficient national defense forces, and an aging population.

5. The three major human races in the world:

Yellow race: distributed in eastern and southeastern Asia, northern North America, and northern and western South America.

Caucasians: Europe, western and southern Asia, northern Africa, central North America, the eastern coast of South America and Oceania.

Black people: southern and central Africa.

6. The main languages ??in the world are Chinese, English, French, Russian, Spanish, and Arabic.

The most widely spoken language in the world is Chinese, and the most widely spoken language is English.

7. The three major religions in the world:

Islam: popular in western and southeastern Asia, and northern and eastern Africa.

Buddhism: spread from ancient India to East Asia and Southeast Asia.

Christianity: Popular in Europe, America and Oceania.

8. The main forms of settlement, including cities and villages.

9. Settlements are mainly distributed in areas with flat terrain, fertile soil, sufficient water sources, warm and humid climate, rich natural resources, and convenient transportation.

10. Name some settlements listed on the World Cultural Heritage List.

Knowledge points from the first volume of seventh-grade geography (six)

Development differences among world regions

1. Developed countries are mainly distributed in the northern part of the Northern Hemisphere and Oceania in the Southern Hemisphere.

Developing countries are mainly distributed in the southern and southern hemispheres of the northern hemisphere, that is, most countries in Asia, Africa and Latin America.

Can give examples to illustrate the differences in development levels between developing countries and developed countries.

2. The United Nations is composed of five permanent members and ten non-permanent members: China, France, Russia, Britain, and the United States. It is headquartered in New York, USA.

The United Nations has done a lot of work in maintaining world peace and promoting international cooperation and development.

Extended reading: Geography learning skills for junior high schools

Geography learning experience

Develop good habits of reading and using pictures. A lot of important knowledge in the subject of geography is "hidden" in maps. In geography learning, we need to have pictures on the left and books on the right. The map is the skeleton of knowledge and the context of knowledge. If you master the map, you can discover the rules. If you persist for a long time, you will not only discover the beauty of geography, but also combine knowledge with maps to form a virtuous cycle, thereby making geography simpler.

Geography learning requires reading, understanding, memorizing, mastering and applying a lot of knowledge, so learning efficiency must be improved. To find the learning method that suits you best: you may be able to grasp organized and clear content more easily, and you may be confused by messy knowledge points, so you need to learn to sort out the knowledge points you have learned; you may be good at listening to the teacher and doing it yourself Reading is inefficient, so you must seize the limited time in class to master it efficiently; you may need to sketch and write while listening. Pure listening and pure reading will not make you concentrate, etc. Find how to learn by yourself Some features can be effectively and targetedly solved.

Geography learning skills

Geography is not a major subject like language and mathematics. Some students do not do geography exercises because they have many other homeworks, which can easily lead to mastery of knowledge points. Not reliable. In class, the teacher understands everything as soon as he talks about it, but after class, he forgets it as soon as he walks out of the classroom, and does not practice after class. By the time of the next class, he has no memory of what was taught in the previous class, and by the time of the exam, he doesn’t even remember it. If you have learned this knowledge point, how can you learn geography well?

Try to digest the content of this lesson in class. Although seventh and eighth grade students do not have as heavy workload as ninth grade students, they still have a lot more to learn compared to fifth and sixth grade students. If all the knowledge of any subject is piled up to be digested after class, it will only accumulate more and more, and it will be easy to forget. It is recommended to digest the knowledge points of this lesson in class. If there is not enough time, at least master the important knowledge points in class. In this way, you only need to read a book after class to understand the entire lesson. Connect the knowledge points together and develop good study habits.