Longdou Village, shuibei town, Shaowu City

“2? 14 "fire case

I. Summary of cases

On February/4, 2004, a forest fire was caused by farmers burning weeds in vegetable fields in Dachangshan Farm, Xiachang Formation, Longdou Village, shuibei town City, Shaowu City, causing a major accident in which eight people died. The affected forest area was 27.5 hectares, and the fire lasted for/0/9 hours, with a direct cost of 26,000 yuan.

Second, the fire situation is introduced

On February 4th, 2004 1 1 40, Peng Yikang, a villager of Xiachang Formation in Longdou Village, set fire to the reeds on the edge of the vegetable field without taking preventive measures, and left the bean field for dinner. As a result, the fire head crossed the road and railway, causing a forest fire. At about 12 noon, the villager Dai Xueying found a fire on the mountain and immediately reported it to Feng Kaiyun, secretary of the village party branch. Feng Kaiyun immediately organized villagers to rush to the fire to fight the fire.

(1) Overview of the fire site

The mountain shape of Forest Class 76 (burned from Forest Class 77) in the fire area is surrounded by mountains on three sides and sandwiched by a small grass pond ditch, with a valley bottom width of 10 m and a ditch bottom width of only 2-3 m, with a southeast slope direction and a slope length of 100 m. The casualty accident site is at the lower part of the hillside, only 20 meters away from the bottom of the slope, and the mountain is steep with an average slope of 30 m. The mountain field is an artificial forest land made of mixed Chinese fir and Pinus massoniana in 2000, which has not been nursed for 3 years. There are 3 meters high five-section awns, 2 meters high awn bones and some small miscellaneous irrigation of succession trees in the forest, and the weed coverage rate reaches 95%. It is precisely because of the characteristics of steep slope, narrow ditch and relatively concentrated flammable materials that the environmental conditions prone to high-intensity forest fires are formed.

On that day, the weather, wind to the northwest, wind1-2, temperature-0.6℃-23.1℃, humidity 20%, no rainfall, fire risk level 5.

(2) Fire development process and analysis

14 12:20, after receiving a phone call from Feng Kaiyun, secretary of the Party branch of Longdou Village, the forest ranger He Guoliang immediately called his three brothers and villagers Lin Quanshui and others 16, boarded the small four-wheeled agricultural vehicle of villager You Jianjun, and rushed to the side of the burning mountain to prepare to open a fire road to stop the fire from spreading. At about 12:40, the fire area of Xushanchang has reached 100 mu. When there are 12 villagers, they directly enter the fire point and reach the drinking water source of Xiachang Formation, and they are divided into two roads. One road 10 people are only about 20 meters away from the fire head next to the water source, and the other one fires up the road along the small ridge in the north direction. After driving for 2-3 minutes, it was found that the northwest mountain valley wind was blowing in the fire, accompanied by a cyclone of 3-4 grades, and the fire was fierce and the visibility was low. He Guoliang told everyone to retreat quickly, and He Guosheng and other four people ran to the ecological public welfare forest in the northeast on the right side of the hillside and escaped safely. He Guoliang and others 10 first headed northeast of the hillside, and then turned back to the northwest to run to the top of the mountain. Not far away, they were blocked by the fire burning down from the top of the mountain. Because of the steep mountain, the difficult mountain road and the strong fire, and the temperature of the fire at that time reached 2 1℃ and the wind speed reached 2-3 m/s, the river wind and the valley wind convected to form a whirlwind, and the smoke on the hillside was filled with dust. Two brothers, He Guoliang and He Guoshui, ran at the end, slipped and rolled down the mountain, lying in a small ditch only about 8 meters away from the scene of the accident, and escaped by luck. The other eight people were unable to tell the direction in panic, choked by thick smoke in the fire, suffocated and burned to death by high temperature. The whole burning process is only 20 minutes. This is an example of a fast and high-intensity surface fire that caused casualties.

Third, the case analysis

(A) Cause analysis

Judging from the occurrence of this fire, the fire started in the vegetable fields along the old 3 16 national highway, followed by farmland, railway, forest, roadside and ridge weeds, which were high and dense and easily burned. It takes about 1 hour from the time the perpetrator lit the weeds to the mountain field, and the fire point is not far from the village, so it should be found in time, but no one called the police until the forest fire crossed the road and the railway burned up the mountain. It shows that in some places, there is a dead end in the propaganda of the people in forest areas, and the responsibility for the management of wild fire sources is not implemented, especially after11:00 in the morning or after 4: 00 in the afternoon before the farmers call it a day, which is the peak period of agricultural fire use, and neither the forest ranger nor the person in charge of management and protection is in place, resulting in a vacuum in management, thus causing a major disaster.

Judging from the deaths of firefighters, after arriving at the fire site, the villagers rushed into the forest land to set up a fire isolation belt without carefully observing the fire, fire meteorology and vegetation. The route they chose to enter the fire site was unreasonable, the location of the isolation belt was incorrect, the firefighting tools they carried were rudimentary, the firefighters had no safety protection equipment, and their ability to escape from danger was poor, which led to tragedy.

(B) Some lessons to be learned

Although the accident was caused by objective factors such as steep mountain terrain, complex forest vegetation and high-intensity mountain fires, it was also closely related to the low quality of village commanders, and the lessons were profound:

1, we must strengthen the publicity and education of fire fighting safety and strengthen the management of fire sources. Forest fire prevention must start with publicity and education, and the safe use of fire in the field must be known to everyone, so as to eliminate fire hazards.

2, should strengthen the training of forest fire fighting commanders and firefighting team members. Conduct systematic fire prevention professional knowledge and safety fire fighting knowledge training for fire fighting commanders, fire fighting team captains and full-time forest fire prevention cadres at all levels at the grass-roots level, so as to improve their professional quality and command level. It is necessary to strengthen the safety knowledge education of grass-roots firefighters and the training of their ability to escape and save themselves in distress to ensure the safety of firefighters.

3, to strengthen the organization and command of fire fighting. In the initial stage of fire, when the fire is not strong and the terrain conditions are favorable, people with fire fighting experience can be spontaneously organized to put out the fire. However, when the fire is big, the fire line is long, the terrain is dangerous and the meteorological conditions are bad, the county and township (town) must organize professional and semi-professional teams to fight the fire in strict accordance with the requirements of the plan.

4. Firefighters should be equipped with corresponding safety protection articles, such as fire rescue covers, wet towels, kettles, matches, etc. Once in danger, you can save yourself and escape.

Case 2:

A Case of "2.28" Forest Fire in Shangyong Town, Dehua County

I. Summary of cases

On February 28th, 2004, in Huluban Mountain Field, Xiayong Village, Shangyong Town, Dehua County, Fujian Province, the pin insulator was separated from the crossbar of the high-voltage pole, resulting in a forest fire, which killed four people.

Second, the fire situation

At about 1 1 30 on February 28th, 2004, five people, including Chen Qingsheng, who was working in Xiayong Village, Shangyong Town, found a fire in the opposite forest. Because of the high mountains and dense forests, overgrown with weeds, coupled with the frost in winter, the vegetation died, and it coincided with a long drought and no rain, and the fire spread rapidly everywhere by the wind. After receiving the report, the town government immediately organized the town cadres and the town emergency detachment to put out the fire, and reported to the county forest fire prevention headquarters. The leaders of five teams in the county also rushed to the fire and organized 1000 people to participate in the fighting.

(1) Overview of the fire site

Terrain of the fire site: located in Zhongshan, with an altitude of 750-991m, it is chicken-claw-shaped and surrounded by mountains on three sides. The mountain is steep and undulating, with obvious valleys and mountains.

Slope direction of the fire: west, 865 meters above sea level, slope position: medium, slope length 100 meters, slope 40. Mountain range: from east to west. After the fire, the fire spread mainly from east and west.

Casualties: The terrain is gourd-shaped, with an altitude of 750-962 meters, and the mountain is steep with a slope of 30-45 degrees. There are five mountains in the gourd that are inserted into the bottom of the gourd from high to low (forming the second narrow place). The forest stands are lush, weeds are overgrown under the forest canopy and in the glade, the height is1-2m, and the coverage is over 90%. The fire spreads inward from the left side of Gukou (south) to the second narrow place, and a strong wind penetrates from south to north to form multiple fire heads.

It was sunny on the 28th, with the daily maximum temperature of 23.5 degrees and the minimum temperature of 9 degrees. The wind direction was mostly southerly, with an average wind force of 2-3, a relative humidity of 76% and a forest fire risk rating of 4. According to the Jiuxianshan Meteorological Observatory, during the noon, the wind reached 6-7 in the upwelling area.

(2) Analysis of fire development process

At noon 12:00 on 28th, after the cadres and militia of Shangyong Town who rushed to the mountain to put out the fire arrived at the fire, Lin Jianquan, deputy secretary of the Party Committee of Shangyong Town, and Sun Yizhong, deputy mayor, led a group of fire fighters to Huluban Mountain Field to take charge of opening the fire isolation zone. Huluban Mountain Field is named after its shape like a gourd-shaped valley. The altitude is about 860 meters, and the vegetation in the forest is mostly reeds and five-section awns, with a coverage of 90%. At that time, the microclimate in the ravine formed a spiral wind with a wind speed of 45 km/h, and the forest fire spread northward. The walking route of the rescuers is also from north to northwest and then to north. The north and south hills are more than 300 meters apart. According to the normal speed, it will take at least half an hour for the fire to spread. However, the wind was too strong that day, and the wind direction suddenly changed from blowing north wind to blowing southeast wind, resulting in a strong fire in the east at the foot of Huluban Mountain, and it spread to the northwest across the first fire isolation belt. The fire in the south also burned to the northwest, and the flame blew from one hill to another, and the group was immediately surrounded by the fire. Five firefighters, led by Zeng Shangxun, chairman of the National People's Congress of Guobao Township, quickly ran to a cemetery, and Sun Yizhong, deputy mayor, also leaned forward and climbed out of the fire. Comrade Lin Jianquan and three women who opened the isolation belt (Guo Qing, Li Su, Guo Chunmei) were swallowed up by the fire because the fire was too fierce and too fast, and they were killed on the spot.

After nearly 20 hours of hard work by the vast number of fire fighters, the fire was finally put out. The fire killed four firefighters, and the affected forest area was 15 1 hectare.

Second, the case analysis

(A) Cause analysis

This is a typical forest fire caused by power supply lines. The forestry department often ignores the power supply department when investigating the hidden dangers of forest fires. In future work, it is necessary to strengthen contact and communication with the power supply departments, eliminate the hidden dangers of forest fires caused by power supply lines in time, and ensure the safety of forest resources.

Cause analysis of death of firefighters: It was not ideal to choose the location of the isolation belt on the hill leg. At that time, the microclimate in the ravine formed a spiral wind with a wind speed of 45 km/h, and the meteorological conditions were relatively bad. The location of the isolation belt was relatively close to the fire line, leaving relatively little time for setting up the fire belt. In the case of large load of small combustible materials, complex terrain and changeable wind direction and wind force, the fire changed rapidly, which easily caused casualties.

(B) Some lessons to be learned

1. At ordinary times, we should strengthen the training of fire-fighting personnel on safety knowledge and methods of avoiding danger and self-rescue. After distress, they can be calm, improvise and take corresponding measures to save themselves.

2. It is dangerous to set up a fire isolation belt in front of the rotor. Professional fire fighters should be organized to set it up, and it is forbidden to organize old, weak, women, young and people with poor physical fitness to participate.

3. When fire-fighting personnel set up a fire isolation belt at the designated position in front of the fire head, they should first set up a fire safety zone, define the evacuation route, and assign special personnel to monitor the surrounding fire changes during operation. Once the danger is found, they should immediately command the fire-fighting personnel to evacuate to the safety zone.

4. When extinguishing forest fires in mountainous areas, the fire is directly extinguished by beating along the fire line. An isolation belt should be set up in front of the spread of the fire head, and the taller trees should be cut down and fall down against the burning direction, so that the thatch can be overwhelmed, and the fire will be relatively weak when the fire breaks out, which is conducive to beating and the safety of fire fighters.

Case Map of "2.28" Forest Fire in Shangyong Town, Dehua County

"2.28" Forest Fire Case in Shangyong Town, Dehua County

Case 3:

Case of "3.9" Forest Fire in Zhenghe County State-owned Forest Farm

I. Summary of cases

On March 9, 2004, a forest fire broke out in Xibiaoxia Village, Zhenghe State-owned Forest Farm (under Nanping Forestry Bureau), Fujian Province, because villagers burned ant nests. Four firefighters were killed (3 forest farm workers and farmers 1 name), the fire area was 1283 mu, and the damaged area was 1283 mu.

Second, the fire situation is introduced

On March 9, 2004, Chen Changmei, a villager from Xibiao Village, Dongping Town, Zhenghe County, went to work in Chashan Mountain of "Tea Tree Ping" Mountain Farm in Xibiao Village Work Area. At about 15 pm, after Chen Changmei finished his farm work, he moved the ant nest into a straw shed, lit it with a match, and covered it with soil after burning for about 4 to 5 minutes. Because the fire was not completely extinguished, and it was a draught here. At 9: 20 that night/kloc-0, Lian Zhenhai, the ranger of Xibiao Xiacun Work Area, reported to the forest farm, and Liu Yonggui, the director of the forest farm, immediately organized 3/kloc-0 professional fire fighting teams of the forest farm to rush to the scene and put out the fire in three ways. The county forest fire prevention headquarters quickly mobilized 260 firefighters to rush to the fire to put out the fire.

(A) the general situation of the fire scene

The terrain conditions of the fire mountain field are complex, with deep gullies, many small gullies and large mountain height difference, and the altitude is between 620 meters and 940 meters. The overall slope is to the west, with a gradient of 25-30 degrees. The first burning place is located at the downhill of the small ridge, next to the gully, with good ventilation and easy air circulation, belonging to the tuyere.

The forest fire mountain field is mainly timber forest, and the tree species are Pinus massoniana and Chinese fir. The age of Pinus massoniana is 14 years, and that of Cunninghamia lanceolata is 19 years. The average tree density is about 1 10 plants/mu, and the canopy density is 0.77. Some mountain fields are economic forests, and the main tree species are Castanea henryi and tea. The initial fire is surrounded by ravines and barren fields. Vegetation is mainly five-section awn, cogongrass and small miscellaneous irrigation, which is dense and easy to burn, and the fire line spreads and spreads quickly, with Fei Huo phenomenon.

The meteorological conditions on March 9th were: average temperature 12.6 degrees, the highest temperature on that day was 23.0 degrees, the daily minimum relative humidity was 24%, and the average wind force was about Grade 4. The wind direction was easterly at night and westerly during the day. The forest fire risk rating is level 5. At that time, it had been frosty for two consecutive days and the wind was strong at night.

(2) Fire development process and analysis

After receiving the fire report, Liu Yonggui, the director of the forest farm, immediately organized the forest farm professional fire fighting team 3 1 person to enter the fire in three ways to put out the fire. The first route is 1 1 person by Liu Yonggui, the second route is 1 1 person by Huang Shengjun, and the third route is Lin Guande, director of Xiacun Work Area, who arrived at the fire site at 20: 30. According to the fire situation, Lin Guande and others decided to quickly pass through the scooter road and rush to the top to open a fire prevention road to stop the spread of forest fires. When nine people, including Lin Guande, went to the vicinity of Lishuping, the accident site, the wind direction suddenly changed because they were in the tuyere, and the vegetation below the accident site was mainly five-section awn and imperata, which was very dense and easy to burn. In an instant, the fire quickly spread to the scooter road. Four people, including Lin Guande, failed to retreat, and were surrounded by fire. Although they fell down on the spot, they were unfortunately killed because of the excessive fire (three people were prone when they were killed, 1 person was lying on his back on the scooter road). The remaining five people survived because they were separated from four people by a certain distance.

According to the comprehensive analysis of the burning situation of trees in the fire site and the burning degree of surface residues, the trend of forest fire is as follows: at the fire point, three roads spread outward, and all the way burned down to the path along the edge of the tea tree in the small ridge, and the weeds burned completely in the afforestation mountain, and the upper side of the trunk of the standing tree was blackened; The second road burns up to Castanea henryi mountain along the edge of tea tree on the small ridge, and the lower side of the trunk of the standing tree burns black, and then burns to the Chinese fir forest above and around Castanea henryi forest respectively. The third road burns along the eastern ditch to the wasteland, where it spreads to the Chinese fir forest above the plow tree in multiple ways. After burning all the way to the opposite wasteland, it is divided into two strands, one is burned down along the other side of the ditch, and the other is burned in the narrowest part of the scooter road, spreading irregularly in an umbrella shape (the fire caused casualties).

The forest fire killed four people (including three forest farm workers and farmers 1 person). Overburned area 1283 mu, including timber forest area 1 165 mu, Castanea henryi forest area of 59 mu and young forest area of 59 mu.

Third, the case analysis

(A) Cause analysis

Cause analysis of death of firefighters: It is very dangerous to extinguish forest fires at night. After the firefighters arrive at the fire site, they think they are familiar with the mountain field without carefully observing the topography, mastering the meteorological conditions of the fire site and seeing the vegetation around the plank lane. They are blind and confident, so they take the firefighters from the plank lane to the top to set up a fire zone. At night, the commander can't judge the distance between the walking route and the fire line, and the burning speed of forest fire is unclear. The vegetation in the barren field at the bottom of the valley is dry and dense, and the change of wind power may lead to the rapid change of burning speed, which is not foreseen enough. When in distress, it is not handled properly (lying on the board driveway less than 2 meters wide, the death position of the tea garden is only about 10 meters), which leads to the tragedy.

(2) Experience and lessons

1 After the fire fighting team arrives at the fire site, the commander must know the scope of the fire site, the spreading direction and speed of the fire head, the wind speed and direction of the fire site, avoid the dangerous area, choose a safe route and enter the designated location to open an isolation belt. When you are not familiar with the mountain field and are not sure about the route you choose, you must not blindly direct the fire-fighting team to enter the fire site to open an isolation zone.

2, should strengthen the training of forest fire fighting commanders. Conduct systematic fire prevention professional knowledge and safety fire fighting knowledge training for fire fighting commanders, fire fighting team captains and full-time forest fire prevention cadres at all levels at the grass-roots level, so as to improve their professional quality and command level.

3, to strengthen the safety knowledge of fire fighting personnel and the training of self-help methods in distress, to be calm in distress, improvise, and take corresponding measures to save themselves.

4. Improve the firefighting team equipment. Professional firefighting team members should be equipped with helmets, protective clothing, life-saving covers, kettles, matches, etc. to improve their own protection level and self-rescue ability.

Case 4:

Shibi Village, Ansha Town, Yong 'an City

“ 12? 2 1 "forest fire case"

I. Summary of cases

On February 2, 2005 12 1, a forest fire broke out in Lailing Mountain Field, Shibi Village, Ansha Town, Yong 'an City, resulting in 2 deaths 1 injury. After nearly 19 hours of fighting, the fire was finally put out. The fire area was 5 1.7 hectares, the affected forest area was 26 hectares, and the direct fire fighting fund was 23,000 yuan.

Second, the fire situation

2 1 day 14: 30, Zhu Yunyu, a villager in Zhenjiang Hou village, Ansha, caused a forest fire when he burned ridge grass on the farmland at the foot of the mountain. After receiving the report, the town government immediately launched the "Ansha Town Forest Fire Fighting Plan", organized town cadres and emergency teams to rush to the fire scene to fight the fire, and reported to the Municipal Forest Fire Prevention Headquarters Office.

An overview of the fire scene:

Terrain of the fire site: The fire site is located in the middle of Zhongshan, with an altitude of 260-500m, showing an irregular rectangle, and some mountains are steep and undulating.

Slope position of fire place: the fire place is on the north slope, with an altitude of 250-260m, the slope position is at the lower part, the slope length is100m, and the slope is 3 1 degree. Mountain trend: from west to east, after the fire, the fire mainly spreads from north to east.

Casualties: It is located in the back mountain field of Laifang Natural Village, Shi Bi Village. The forest is divided into pure fir forest and there are many reeds under the forest. It is located near the ridge, with an elevation of 430-460m, and the slope is northeast, with a gradient of 40 degrees. It is on the newly opened fire side. It is five ridges away from the fire point and the horizontal distance is about1000m.

Meteorological conditions: it is sunny on February1day, with the daily maximum temperature of 8 degrees and the minimum temperature of 4 degrees. The wind direction is southerly, with an average wind force of 8-9, a forest fire risk rating of 5, and an average wind speed of 6.6m/s, with an instantaneous maximum of12.7m/s.

Second, the fire development process and analysis

At 0/4: 45 pm, Chen Yongfeng, the leader in charge of Ansha Town, immediately called the car of the director of Reshui Village in Ansha Town after receiving the report from Chen Qishan, the director of Ansha Forest Police Station, and rushed to the scene to check the fire at the first time, at the same time reporting to Li Shengzhu, the party secretary of the town, by mobile phone. Li Shengzhu, Deng Qingrun and others immediately organized people to rush to the fire by bus, studied the fire-fighting plan with Chen Yongfeng, who arrived first, and decided to divide the troops into two ways, all the way to the northern line. Liu Ligen, chairman of the National People's Congress, and Luo Mingyong, the stationmaster of the forestry station, led the team to outflank the fire from behind the fire. On the other hand, all the way to the south line, led by Mayor Deng Qingrun and Chen Yongfeng, the leader in charge, opened a fire prevention road in a ravine far from Huotou. 15: 30, due to the strong wind and rapid speed, the fire fighting team on the southern line retreated to the ravine three ridges away from the fire line to open a fire prevention road. When driving near the ridge, the fire quickly spread southward to a distance of 100 meters from the fire prevention road. Suddenly, halfway up the mountain, a mass of Fei Huo flew near the ridge. Mayor Deng Qingrun divided 29 people around him into two groups, one group 18 people led by Mayor Deng went to the top of the mountain to beat Fei Huo; The other group 1 1 led by Ni Huotian and Chen Yongfeng lined up from top to bottom along the hillside (with Ni and Chen in the middle) to continue to open fire prevention roads. At about 1 6: 30, a mass of Fei Huo fell among the 1 1 team members who opened the fire prevention road and spread rapidly. Four people under the fire retreated down the mountain along the fire prevention road, and seven people above the fire retreated up the mountain along the fire prevention road. Among them,1was burned and two people were missing. 17: 30, the firefighters found that Ni Huotian and Chen Yongfeng were dead.

Third, the case analysis

1. Causes of forest fire accidents

Causes of casualties: the location of the fire zone was unreasonable for the first time, and it was close to the fire line. After the opening failed, these people were organized to retreat to another place to open it. This place had complex terrain and steep slope. In addition, the wind was strong and the wind direction was uncertain, which led to the formation of Fei Huo, rapid fire, heavy physical consumption of team members, and slow opening progress. No fire safety zone was opened during the opening, and no designated person was appointed to observe the fire. When the forest fire approached, it failed.

Second, some lessons to be learned

1 At ordinary times, we should strengthen the training of fire-fighting personnel on safety knowledge and self-rescue methods, so that they will not panic when encountering danger, be calm and improvise, and take corresponding measures to save themselves.

2. To set up a fire isolation belt in front of the fire head, we must first make sure that the location of the fire isolation belt is reasonable. Secondly, according to the fire situation, the workload of setting up the fire zone is estimated, and the number of players involved in setting up the fire zone is determined. It is necessary to give sufficient time to complete the fire zone and avoid giving up halfway. Third, after arriving at the designated location, we should first set up a fire safety zone, and at the same time tell each team member to make clear the evacuation route when encountering danger. During the fourth operation, a special person should be assigned to monitor the change of the surrounding fire. In case of danger, the personnel should be immediately commanded to evacuate to a safe place along the designated route.