The most prominent feature of the history subject in the first year of junior high school is the large amount of memory. It is definitely painful to memorize by rote. Therefore, students must learn to summarize and summarize when learning history. Below I have compiled the knowledge points from the second volume of the history of the first year of junior high school for your reference.

The prosperous Sui Dynasty

1. The reunification of the north and the south

1. The establishment of the Sui Dynasty

Time: 581 years; Founder: Emperor Wen of Sui Dynasty Yang Jian; capital: Chang'an.

2. The unification time of the Sui Dynasty: 589.

2. "The Rule of Kaihuang"

The ruling measures of Emperor Wen of the Sui Dynasty: ① Reform the system; ② Develop production; ③ Pay attention to official governance.

During the reign of Emperor Wen of the Sui Dynasty, the country was unified and stable, the people's burden was lighter, and the economy prospered and developed. The rule of Emperor Wen of the Sui Dynasty was called the "Kaihuang Rule" in history.

3. The Grand Canal of the Sui Dynasty

1. With Luoyang as the center, it reaches Zhuojun in the north and Yuhang in the south, with a total length of more than 2,000 kilometers.

2. The purpose of excavation: ① Strengthen north-south transportation; ② Consolidate the Sui Dynasty's rule over the country.

3. Significance: It greatly promoted economic exchanges between the North and the South. The prosperous age of Kaiyuan

1. The rule of Kaiyuan

The manifestations of Tang Xuanzong's efforts to govern:

(1) Appointing talented people (Yao Chong); (2) Paying attention to the administration of officials ; (3) Advocating frugality.

2. The prosperity of the prosperous economy

1. Agriculture

(1) The development of farming technology: seedling cultivation, transplantation and cultivation.

(2) Development of tea production.

During the Tang Dynasty, the world's first tea monograph "The Book of Tea" appeared, and the author Lu Yu was called the "Tea God" by later generations.

(3) Improvements in agricultural tools: curved shaft plows and barrel carts.

2. Handicraft industry

(1) Silk weaving industry.

(2) Ceramic industry: Yue kiln celadon, Xing kiln white porcelain, Tang Sancai.

3. Commerce

(1) Famous metropolises: Chang'an, Luoyang, Yangzhou, Chengdu.

(2) Chang'an, the capital of the Tang Dynasty, was the center of exchanges between various ethnic groups and an international metropolis. The Creation of the Imperial Examination System

1. The Birth and Improvement of the Imperial Examination System

Emperor Wen of the Sui Dynasty: began to use subject-specific examinations to select officials.

Emperor Yang of Sui Dynasty: The Jinshi Department was officially established, and the imperial examination system was officially born.

Tang Taizong: Expand the scale of Chinese studies and increase the number of people taking exams.

Wu Zetian: Added palace examinations and military examinations.

Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty: Poetry and Fu became the main examination content of Jinshi subjects.

2. The impact of the imperial examination system

1. The employment system was improved, allowing talented scholars to have the opportunity to serve in governments at all levels.

2. Promote the development of education.

3. Promote the development of literature and art. The southward shift of the economic center of gravity

1. Development of southern agriculture

1. Performance of agricultural development in Jiangnan:

(1) Introduction of crop varieties (Champa rice).

(2) The output of grains, mainly rice, has increased significantly ("When Suhu is ripe, the world is full").

(3) Promotion of the planting of tea, cotton and other cash crops (cotton: from Guangdong and Guangxi, Fujian to the Yangtze River Basin).

2. What is the reason for the rapid development of agriculture in Jiangnan?

(1) Economic factors: A large number of people from the Central Plains migrated southward, which increased the labor force in the south and brought advanced technology and production experience;

(2) Natural factors: the Song Dynasty The climate in the north and south is getting cooler, and the south is relatively suitable for the growth of crops; the natural conditions in the south remain better.

(3) Political factors: There are fewer wars in the south, providing a relatively stable social environment for economic development.

2. The prosperity of the handicraft industry in the south

1. The improvement of the level of the silk weaving industry (the silk weaving industry in Sichuan is known as "the best in the world").

2. The rise of the cotton textile industry (development from Hainan Island to the southeast coast).

3. Achievements in the porcelain industry (ice-cracked porcelain from Ge Kiln; Porcelain Capital: Jingdezhen).

4. The development of the shipbuilding industry (the shipbuilding industry in the Song Dynasty became the first in the world at that time; the shipbuilding industry in Guangzhou and Quanzhou was developed).

3. The prosperity of southern commerce

1. The development of southern commercial cities (commercial cities: Kaifeng, Hangzhou).

After Hangzhou was changed to the capital Lin'an, its prosperity far exceeded that of Kaifeng in the Northern Song Dynasty.

2. Development of overseas trade

(1) World-famous large commercial ports: Guangzhou and Quanzhou;

(2) Chinese merchant ships as close as North Korea, Japan, reaching as far as the Arabian Peninsula and the east coast of Africa;

(2) The establishment of the Municipal Shipping Department (an agency to manage overseas trade).

3. Changes in the monetary system (the world’s earliest banknotes appeared in Sichuan: Jiaozi).