(1) Selection of excellent mother plant Zizania latifolia generally adopts ramet asexual propagation to continue offspring. Because there are often problems such as male plants, black hearts or gray stalks, diseases, etc. in bamboo shoot gardens, if the seeds are not carefully selected, the unhealthy conditions of the previous generation will be directly passed on to the next generation, resulting in a decline in quality and yield, so the seeds must be carefully selected. The key points of selecting excellent mother plants of Zizania latifolia are: besides the characteristics of this variety, it is also necessary to pay attention to the fact that there is no hybrid male or gray Zizania latifolia, the growth is normal, the plant type is short, the pregnancy rate is high, the bamboo shoots mature evenly, the bamboo shoots are large and not hammer-shaped, and the auricularia auricula is selected late (that is, the black spots of bamboo shoots are relatively late). Attention should be paid to the selection work at any time during the plant growth period and harvest.
(2) Before digging the mother stem, the practice of bamboo shoot cultivation of Zizania latifolia is perennial cultivation, that is, after harvesting bamboo shoots in autumn, the mother plant is put in the ground and let it overwinter. After the water bamboo germinates in the following spring, the residual plants and leaves left over from the previous crop are slightly cut to arrange for regeneration and growth. However, since the large-scale popularization of planting, the traditional continuous cropping perennial cultivation has caused crowding and poor ventilation because of too many tillers. That is to say, 20 days before spring sowing, the excellent mother plants marked in the early stage of production will be dug out from the roots with a shovel or a small excavator, and then the roots will be turned over to expose the fields or open spaces. The number of seedlings taken from vigorous stems is greatly influenced by the irrigation depth in the current period.
Usually shallow water irrigation (water depth below 30 cm) requires about 7~ 10 seedlings per cluster. Deep water irrigation needs about 2~3 seedlings, shallow water irrigation needs more seedlings, but seedling yield is not positively correlated with bamboo shoot yield. Usually, about 25~30 clusters of mother stems are needed per 0. 1 hectare, and the irrigation area in deep water must be doubled. After drying in the sun, scatter the mother plant with a hoe, then cut the remaining short green stems on the mother plant into three bundles with a sharp knife, and cut off the dry stems and fibrous roots on the ground, leaving short stems about 15cm long for seedling raising or direct seeding.
(3) tender bamboo shoots are picked from the mother stem system of Zizania latifolia for sowing or direct seeding, and short stems are left at the base, with nodes on the stems and bud eyes on the nodes, from which seedlings germinate and grow. The asexual propagation methods of Zizania latifolia can be divided into direct seeding and seedling transplanting. After leveling the cut stems in the field, direct seeding is carried out, and then the mother stems are planted according to the method of fixed-point sowing, and the depth is not flowed by water. In the seedling raising method, the mother stem is first cultivated in the seedbed and transplanted to Honda when the plant height is about 30~40 cm. Although the method of raising seedlings is labor-intensive, it can reduce the risk caused by freezing injury. The suitable time for sowing or raising seedlings, green shell and white shell seeds should be carried out in late June+February (winter to around) of 65438, and red shell seeds should be carried out in March-April.
(4) June 65438+ 10 to June 165438+ 10. After harvesting the autumn bamboo shoots, the water in the fields should be drained immediately, and then set on fire after the leaves on the ground are completely dried, which can achieve the effects of sterilization, pest control and cleaning the countryside. Then, lime 150kg/0. 1ha or SH soil improver 80kg/0. 1ha was applied to alleviate soil acidity, plough and dry the field, promote soil weathering, and increase soil aeration, which is beneficial to root development of Zizania latifolia. According to the test results, the application of 2 tons/ha silicate slag on acidic soil can improve the pH value. After harvesting in autumn and before sowing in spring, the soil is given a full rest opportunity, and the soil is fully weathered by deep ploughing and sunning, which increases the yield by 3.6%~ 1 1.8% compared with the treatment without deep ploughing and sunning. A week before planting, the surrounding berm should be built to make it firm, flat and impervious, so as to store water and raise bamboo shoots during the incubation period. Honda should irrigate the day before planting, turn over the plow and level off. After the water is clear, it can be planted with paddles.
(V) Plant spacing, number of plants and suitable transplanting period The plant spacing of green shell trees in Puli area is wide, and the row spacing is 1m× 1m or 1.3m× 1.3m, with 0.65, 4.38+0000 and 5,965,438 plants per plant. There are 1 100 plants per 0. 1 ha, and the species of white shell in Baihe area is 0.9 m× 0.6 m, which is about 0. 1 ha 1.850 plants. The suitable transplanting period is generally 35~45 days after seedling raising, when the plant height is about 30~40 cm, the suitable transplanting period of green shell and white shell is 65438+10 ~ February, and the best transplanting period of red shell is May ~ June.