Overview: abnormal development of socialism and suppression by capitalist countries led to this event.

Main causes:

1) Historical causes:

After coming to power, the ****-producing parties in all the countries of Eastern Europe copied the Soviet model and were to a large extent subjected to the USSR, which forced the countries of Eastern Europe to conform with it in their internal and external policies. The countries of Eastern Europe did not actually acquire the right to independence and autonomy. Historically, the USSR had ethnic grievances with Poland, Romania and other countries, such as the Katyn Incident. This led to a long period of ethnic tension between the USSR and the Eastern European countries.

2) Religious reasons:

The Catholic forces in some of the countries of Eastern Europe had a long history of influence and a deep mass base, while the rigid religious policies of the Eastern European countries intensified social conflicts.

3) Internal Reasons:

Economically, most of the countries have been developing slowly, and the reforms have not been very effective, and the gap between them and the Western European countries has been widening. Economic difficulties led to economic crises, inducing political crises and ethnic conflicts. Politically, due to the serious destruction of democracy and the rule of law, the parties and governments of Eastern European countries have become detached from the masses. The decline in the quality of party members and cadres was an important cause of discontent leading to dramatic changes.

4) The Soviet factor:

Gorbachev's reforms "untied" the countries of Eastern Europe, and his program of building "humane and democratic socialism" and "new thinking" in foreign policy led to "new thinking" within the party of each country. His program of building "humane, democratic socialism" and his "new thinking" on foreign policy led to ideological confusion within the parties, and contributed to the reorganization, fragmentation and metamorphosis of the parties in Eastern Europe.

5) Western factors:

Western countries induced pressure on Eastern European countries by various means, such as loans, trade, science and technology, and ideological infiltration, prompting them to move closer to the West.

6) Economic factors:

Since the constitution of 1936, the Soviet Union began to establish a highly centralized planned economic system, the "Soviet model", the shortcomings of this system led to the Soviet Union as well as the countries of Eastern Europe, the economic vitality of the greatly reduced, the administrative system is too rigid.

Introduction: The Eastern European Revolution (also known as the Soviet Revolution and the democratization of Eastern Europe, and also referred to in Western society as the 1989 series of revolutions in Eastern Europe). Refers to from the late 1980s to the early 1990s, the political and economic systems of the various socialist countries in Eastern Europe were fundamentally altered, a dramatic upheaval in which the socialist system of the Stalinist model ultimately evolved into the capitalist systems of Western Europe and the United States. The dramatic changes began after 1989. It first appeared in Poland and later extended to East Germany, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Bulgaria, Romania, and other former Warsaw Pact Organization countries. This event ended with the dissolution of the Soviet Union and is generally considered to have marked the end of the Cold War. With the exception of Romania, which was a bloodbath, the event ended peacefully with free elections, and of all the Eastern European countries, Albania was the last ****producer party to end its rule.