1. Climatic conditions for turtle breeding:
Turtles belong to Vertebrate, Reptilia, Tortoise, Lepidoptera, which is closely related to climate.
1. Water temperature conditions The body temperature of the soft-shelled turtle changes with the change of water temperature. The suitable water temperature for life is 17-32 degrees, and the optimum water temperature is 28-3 degrees. At this time, the eating is vigorous and the growth is the fastest. When the temperature is below 15 degrees, they start to hibernate, breathing weakly, unable to eat, and relying on the nutrients stored in their bodies to maintain their lives. Therefore, turtles with poor health often die during hibernation. When the water temperature is above 32 degrees, with the continuous increase of temperature, the food intake decreases correspondingly and the growth is slow.
2. Light demand Turtles like light and often climb to the ground to bask in the sun. Turtle is a hibernating animal. When the water temperature drops below 1 degrees, it enters the hibernation period. In order to improve the egg production of soft-shelled turtle, according to its growth characteristics, the light treatment feed method can be adopted. And above the nail fish pond, the brightness of the water surface is above 3 lux, which is almost the same as the long sunshine in summer. The results showed that the spawning period of parent soft-shelled turtles over 1.5kg changed from May to October in the second year to lay eggs all year round, and the number of eggs laid by soft-shelled turtles over 2 kg increased significantly.
3. Every April to June, when the water temperature is above 2 degrees, the sexually mature male and female turtles begin to estrus, and the mating time is usually from afternoon to dawn. The suitable temperature for hatching turtle fertilized eggs is 26-31 degrees, and the highest temperature is 36 degrees. If it exceeds 36 degrees, such as 37-39 degrees, all fertilized eggs will die in about 15 days. The incubation days are related to the temperature, and the product of them is the incubation accumulated temperature. The accumulated incubation temperature is generally 36, degrees per hour. During incubation, the temperature difference should not exceed 3 degrees, and the water content of sand should be 7%-8%.
Second, the technical measures of turtle culture:
The growth and development of turtle can not be separated from climatic conditions. Similarly, the technical measures of artificial breeding are also very important, which are roughly as follows:
1. Choose a site to build a pond with sufficient light, convenient water (available pumps), a relatively sanitary courtyard or other sites. When the pool is built, gravel and cement mortar shall be used as the base and cement mortar shall be used for plastering. Surrounded by brick or concrete rammed into a vertical smooth pool wall with a height of more than 1 meter. Open the drainage seam. Make a food table above the water. Put a wooden board as a turtle drying platform and a sun visor. A metal pipe is installed at the bottom of the pool with a slight slope below the water surface across the pool wall. The pool surface is covered with film, and a small thin film arch shed is made around the pool.
2. spread a proper amount of fine sand in the nail fry treatment tank, inject water with bactericidal and insecticidal drugs for several times, and wash until the PH value drops to 7-7.72, and other indicators are suitable for the survival of turtles. Put the high-quality, pure and healthy turtle fry into the tank at the density of 8 per square meter. Before the seedlings enter the pond, they should be soaked with disinfectant.
3. Daily management: Keep the fry in shallow water of 4-6 cm, and then deepen the water level with the increase of individuals. Its suitable range increases with the individual. Turtle grows fastest at 28-3℃. The water temperature cannot change too fast in a short time. When the temperature is too high, shade or remove the film, and when it is too low, heat it and cover it. On the premise of keeping the water temperature relatively stable, the water quality will flow continuously or intermittently to prevent the water body from corruption and deterioration. At the same time, pay attention to maintain a certain visibility and fatness of the pool water.
4. Feed food once or twice a day. Soft-shelled turtle has a wide range of food sources. You can buy compound feed or buy raw materials to make it yourself, or scoop up natural and common bait to feed, such as fish, shrimp, earthworms, internal organs of livestock and poultry, etc. Feed on the dining table to prevent water pollution.
5. generally speaking, diseases and insect pests do not occur in soft-shelled turtles. We should adhere to the principle of "prevention first, comprehensive prevention and control". At ordinary times, the water should be sprinkled with germicides and pesticides regularly, food hygiene should be improved, and food should be mixed with preventive drugs. In case of onset, symptomatic medication, medication methods: splashing, injection, etc.
6. After hatching, breeding and fertilization, the female turtle lays her eggs in the dry sand pile in the pool for 36-48 hours, and then hatches them in fine sand, keeping warm. When the accumulated temperature reaches a sufficient temperature of 36, degrees, the fry of Carassius auratus will break out of the shell and the reproduction will be successfully completed.
Third, the value and prospect of soft-shelled turtle:
Soft-shelled turtle is rich in nutrition, with the delicious taste of chicken, deer, cattle, pig and fish, and is known as "delicious meat with five flavors"; Soft-shelled turtle is also full of treasures, which has great medical functions. Its head, nails, bones, meat, eggs, gallbladder and fat can all be used as medicine. Good breeding prospects and obvious market advantages.
1. It is rich in edible value. According to records, "Soft-shelled turtle can make up for tuberculosis, strengthen yang and qi, and greatly replenish yin", which has been regarded as a nourishing nutritional health care product since ancient times. The nutritional value of soft-shelled turtle is universally recognized. It is a treasure of aquatic products, a delicacy of high-grade banquet and a favorite food. It is not only delicious, high in protein and low in fat, but also a nourishing treasure containing many vitamins and trace elements. According to the analysis, every 1 grams of fresh turtle meat contains: water 73-83 grams, protein 15.3-17.3 grams, fat .1-3.5 grams, carbohydrate 1.6-1.49 grams, ash .9-1 gram, magnesium 3.9 mg, calcium 1-17 mg, iron 1.4-4.3 mg and phosphorus .54-4.3 mg. The fat of soft-shelled turtle is mainly unsaturated fatty acids, accounting for 75.43%, of which highly unsaturated fatty acids account for 32.4%, which is 6.54 times that of beef and 2.54 times that of tilapia, and trace elements such as iron are several times or even dozens of times that of other foods.
2. It is recorded in Compendium of Materia Medica that turtle meat has many functions, such as nourishing yin and tonifying kidney, clearing away heat and removing blood stasis, strengthening spleen and invigorating stomach, and can be used to treat asthenia, night sweats, yin deficiency and hyperactivity of yang, backache and leg pain, diarrhea due to chronic illness, infantile convulsion, amenorrhea and dystocia in women. "Daily Materia Medica" also believes that external application of turtle blood can cure facial nerve, besides apoplexy, thirst, fatigue and hot flashes, and can also treat bone tuberculosis. Turtle blood contains animal glue, keratin, iodine, vitamin D and other ingredients, which can nourish latent yang, replenish blood, reduce swelling, calm liver fire, treat liver cirrhosis and hepatosplenomegaly, and treat amenorrhea, menstrual leakage and infantile epilepsy. Turtle gall can cure hemorrhoids and leakage. Turtle eggs can cure chronic dysentery. The turtle head is baked and ground into powder, and it can be taken with yellow wine to cure proctoptosis. The fat of soft-shelled turtle can nourish yin and yang and treat white hair. Soft-shelled turtle is rich in vitamin A, vitamin E, collagen, various amino acids, unsaturated fatty acids and trace elements, which can improve human immune function, promote metabolism, enhance human disease resistance, and have the functions of caring skin and delaying aging.