Bai people's hospitality, courtesy before guests is the etiquette of Bai people. The guests came home and entertained each other with wine and tea. The famous three tea is the hospitality of the Bai people. Bai people generally only pour half a cup of tea, but they need a full cup of wine. They think that wine is full of respect and tea is full of deception. Being warmly received by the Bai people, we should say "thank you" and express our gratitude and gratitude.
Respecting the elderly is a traditional virtue of the Bai people. When you see the old man, you should take the initiative to say hello, say hello, give up your seat, and offer tea and cigarettes. The first cup of morning tea after getting up should be given to the elderly first. When eating, let the old man sit on the table and let the old man move chopsticks first. Don't swear in front of the old people and cross your legs. In some mountainous areas, Bai family members have relatively fixed seats. Generally, male elders sit on the upper left, female elders sit on the upper right, and guests and younger generations sit on the upper and lower sides. The fireplace of Bai people's family is a sacred place. It is forbidden to spit in the fireplace, and it is forbidden to cross the fireplace. The threshold of Bai people's families is also taboo to sit on people. Tools used by men should not be worn by women. People who wear mourning clothes are forbidden to enter the family, thinking that it will bring impurity to the family.
2. Etiquette and taboos in festivals and sacrificial activities
March Street is a grand festival for the Bai people, which lasts from March 15 to the 20th of the lunar calendar every year. In addition, the Bai people, like the Han people, celebrate the Spring Festival every year from the first day to the tenth day of the first lunar month, and the fifteenth day of the seventh lunar month is the ancestor worship festival. Bai people have many etiquette taboos in festivals. Killing is prohibited during the annual March rally of the Bai people in Yuanjiang County or during the Tian Zi Temple Fair. Bai people in Dali are not allowed to use knives, carry water, splash water or sweep the floor on the first day of the Lunar New Year. When the Bai people in Nujiang worship their ancestors before dinner on New Year's Eve, outsiders are forbidden to be present. On New Year's Eve, you should get back what you lent to others, otherwise it will be difficult to find money and poor food in the coming year. Therefore, things borrowed from other people's homes must be returned to others before the New Year's Eve. The seventh day of the lunar calendar is Women's Day. Women don't cook, carry water or do any other work, but entertain themselves. Men's Day is the ninth day of the ninth lunar month, and men rest. Bai people in Yunlong county are not allowed to wander around in July and a half.
3. Etiquette and taboos in weddings, funerals and childbirth
After pregnancy, Bai women wear a two-room apron with hinges and fold the first page in half at their waist to show happiness. Outsiders should know how to pay attention to key protection when meeting. If a pregnant woman is accidentally injured, it should ensure the safety of mother and child after delivery. In some places, pregnant Bai women cannot enter the bridal chamber of the bride and groom. After the baby falls to the ground, whoever steps into the door of the maternal home first is stepping on life. Bai people believe that whoever tramples on life will be like a child in the future. Bai people are most afraid of people stepping on their lives, so after the child is born, the family should immediately spread three arcs at the door with white lime and tie a green bamboo strip on the threshold. If a boy is born, a straw sandal should be added under the green bamboo slips, and some even nail a basket bottom on the gate to show taboo. If you accidentally break into the parturient's house, you must send the parturient a bowl of fresh thick rice soup, brown sugar, eggs, sweet white wine and a pot of trotters stewed leek roots. On the morning of the third day after delivery, the maternal family members should invite porridge guests or porridge guests. Guests who go to Bai people's homes to cook porridge and rice should pack eggs, brown sugar, children's clothes and children's hats in bamboo baskets to show their congratulations. In Dali and Jianchuan, after giving birth, the host will invite the first guest to eat poached egg jiaozi, and the guest can't refuse, otherwise the host will be angry.
Edit this national diet
The daily diet of Bai people in Dali varies with local products. People in Pingba area live on rice and wheat, while people in mountainous areas live on corn and adopted children. Common vegetables are cabbage, green vegetables, radish, eggplant, melons, beans, peppers and so on. Among the dietary customs of the Bai people, the following have national characteristics.
rawhide
Raw skin is a unique dish of Bai nationality. This is roasting a whole pig or sheep on a straw fire. When it is half-cooked, remove the hair and bake it until the flesh is golden yellow. When eating, cut the meat into shredded pork or sliced meat, and add ginger, onion, garlic, stewed plum, pepper, glutinous rice and other seasonings. It is delicious and fresh, and it is a national delicacy for entertaining guests.
Boiled marine fish in seawater (live boiled live fish or hot and sour fish)
Fishermen near Erhai Lake generally don't need to fry fish, especially fat fish called "oily fish" locally. They scooped water from Erhai Lake. When the water in the pot is boiled, they put in fresh fish, and then put in thick Chili powder and pepper powder. It tastes delicious, spicy and delicious, commonly known as "sea boiled fish".
Xiaguan casserole fish
This is Xiaguan's >>
The Bai people in Pingba area are mainly rice and wheat, while corn and buckwheat are mainly in mountainous areas. Bai people like to eat sour, cold and spicy flavors. They are good at curing ham, bow fish, fried chicken brown, pork liver and other dishes. They also like to eat a unique "raw meat" or "raw skin", that is, roast pork half-cooked, cut into shredded pork, and served with ginger, garlic, vinegar and so on. Bai people also like to drink roasted tea.
The famous three tea is the hospitality of the Bai people.
After a woman gives birth to a child, the host will invite the first guest to eat poached egg jiaozi, and the guest can't refuse, otherwise the host will be angry.
You can eat it when you get married.
Four or four seats (that is, four dishes, four plates, four pots and four bowls).
The daily diet of Bai people in Dali varies with local products. People in Pingba area live on rice and wheat, while people in mountainous areas live on corn and adopted children. Common vegetables are cabbage, green vegetables, radish, eggplant, melons, beans, peppers and so on.
rawhide
Raw skin is a unique dish of Bai nationality. This is roasting a whole pig or sheep on a straw fire. When it is half-cooked, remove the hair and bake it until the flesh is golden yellow. When eating, cut the meat into shredded pork or sliced meat, and add ginger, onion, garlic, stewed plum, pepper, glutinous rice and other seasonings. It is delicious and fresh, and it is a national delicacy for entertaining guests.
Boiled marine fish in seawater
Fishermen near Erhai Lake generally don't need to fry fish, especially fat fish called "oily fish" locally. They scooped water from Erhai Lake. When the water in the pot is boiled, they put in fresh fish, and then put in thick Chili powder and pepper powder. It tastes delicious, spicy and delicious, commonly known as "sea boiled fish".
Xiaguan casserole fish
This is a local specialty of Shimonoseki. The fat carp in Erhai Lake is cleaned by laparotomy, smeared with a little salt, marinated for 10 minutes, put into a casserole together with various ingredients such as ham slices, tender chicken slices, fresh meat slices, pork liver slices, mushrooms, egg rolls, meatballs, sea cucumbers, tofu, magnolia slices, etc., then sprinkled with appropriate seasonings such as pepper, salt and monosodium glutamate, and cooked on a charcoal stove with slow fire. When eating, put the casserole on the mat. It is steaming and delicious.
Braised plums
Plums are produced in Dali, especially on the east bank of Erhai Lake. Plum trees are everywhere in the half-mountain and half-dam area that stretches for hundreds of miles. There are two kinds of plums: bitter plums and salt plums. Stewed plum with bitter plum is a favorite condiment of Bai people. Braised plum is to put bitter plum into a casserole, add salt and pepper, cover it tightly, put it in the middle of a fire pit, pile rice husk around it, light it, and stew it with low fire for one to two days. At this time, the black stewed plum tastes sour and fragrant, so people often eat it raw as seasoning or add brown sugar to make stewed plum soup. Stewed plums can be stored for a year or two without spoilage.
Carve plums
The carved plum produced in Eryuan County is made by soaking salt plum in lime water. After taking it out to dry, carve a continuous zigzag pattern on the plum with a knife, and carefully squeeze out the plum core to make it empty, which looks like a blooming chrysanthemum after flattening. At this time, soak it in wine and then soak it in brown sugar. After a few months, I opened the bottle and took it out. Carved plum is golden in color and fragrant, and it is the first-class fruit produced in Eryuan County.
Every Bai girl in Eryuan is good at carving plums, which has become a sign to measure whether a girl is smart or not. Because in the local wedding custom, before the girl gets married, she must send a plate of carved plum made by the girl herself to her husband's family as a gift. On the wedding night, the bride will arrange desserts and sweet seats for relatives and friends, which is called "putting fruit wine". The tenth case shows the honey money, dried fruit and carved plum that the bride used to entertain her guests, for your comments. As a result, the girls in Eryuan are carefully carved, and the carved plum they make is not only the first-class fruit, but also a handicraft.
Bait block
Bait block, also known as Baba, is a popular traditional snack in Yunnan. However, Dali bait blocks are unique: steamed rice balls are placed on marble mats and rubbed by labor. Wrapped in sugar, walnut salt, halogen rot, etc. Bake in a charcoal stove. This kind of freshly kneaded and burned bait is soft and delicious.
Milk fan
Deng Chuan Dam in Eryuan has fertile land and abundant aquatic plants. Farmers here have a tradition of raising cows. The local milk fans are famous specialties. When making a milk fan, first ferment fresh milk into yogurt water, then put it in a pot and heat it to 60℃-70℃, then pour in fresh milk, gently stir it with bamboo chopsticks, so that protein and fat in the milk gradually coagulate into floccules, then spread it into thin slices with bamboo chopsticks and air dry it on a bamboo rack.
The milk fan is white and yellow, pure and bright, as thin as paper, and rich in nutrients such as protein and fat. It can be eaten raw, fried, steamed or baked. But it is best to fry in sesame oil until it is light yellow, and take it out to cool. Crispy and fragrant, especially delicious. Confucius' Ci is not only a delicacy for Bai banquet guests, but also an indispensable sacrifice ... >>
Regarding the Bai people's settlements, clothing characteristics, eating habits and major festivals, just look at Baidu Encyclopedia directly ... The following is what I copied:
The Bai nationality is the largest ethnic minority in China 15, mainly distributed in Yunnan, Guizhou, Hunan and other provinces, among which the Bai nationality in Yunnan Province has the largest population and mainly lives in Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture of Yunnan Province. In addition, it is also distributed in Sichuan and Chongqing.
Bai costumes have formed their own national characteristics in the long historical development process. Bai people advocate white, and their clothing styles are slightly different from place to place, and white clothes are noble.
From the Qin and Han Dynasties to the Southern and Northern Dynasties, the ancestors of Bai nationality took Dianchi Lake as the center. K people are "headdresses and feathers". In the bronze dance statues unearthed in Shizhai Mountain, Jinning, the dancers are all wearing feather crowns, long feathers on their heads, upper bodies and skirts with animal skins and feathers. Erhai area, Xi 'erman, one of the ancestors of Bai nationality in the early Tang Dynasty, is a man and a woman with felt skin. J cloth is a skirt, and men and women are barefoot. There are five clouds in Yunnan Annals: "There are men in white in the east, and couples in white, but they can't kneel." "Woman, don't make up, with crisp hair. You wear brocade as your skirt. " "If the fourth army is below Luo Mao, it is not allowed to wear horns when the amount is a bun; When is the top pinch? Bun, covered with felt. Vulgarity is common, but headgear has special ears. Nanzhao uses HongLing, and the rest uses soap silk. " "Is gold growing under Cao? Hizuka？ That is, the belt). " Those with extraordinary skills will have to wear all polo skins (tiger skins). "Nanzhao royal family, Qingping officials and generals have served Hanfu, with round neck, wide robe and big sleeves, wide pants and tight legs, and boots. The imperial edict's head sac is Zhong Ding style, the civil servant's head sac is black lotus style, and the military attache's head sac is tiger head style.
Ancient Bai nationality
The costumes of the Bai people in Dali, the royal family and officials all wear silks and satins. The wearing of color in Yuan Dynasty "slightly originated from Han Dynasty", "Men wear felt-like vertebral bun, and women don't apply powder, which makes them crisp. Green yarn is woven around the head system and wrapped in a black scarf. Ear gold ring, arm wrapped in ivory. The clothes are embroidered, and the semi-fine felt is the top. "
Men in central areas such as Dali usually wrap white or blue buns, wear white double-breasted clothes, black collars and jackets, and wear white and blue pants. Bai men in the east of Erhai Lake wear suede collars, or leather and satin collars, embroidered bellies and blue or black trousers at the waist. When they go out, they often carry bags, and some even carry long knives.
Since the Ming and Qing Dynasties, on the whole, the costumes of Bai people are similar everywhere, while the costumes of women are different everywhere.
Women's wear varies from place to place. In Dali area, people often wrap their heads with embroidered cloth or colored towels, and wear white coats and red vests, or light blue coats and coats with black velvet collars. Silver ornaments of "three beards" and "five beards" are hung on the right, and short waist, wide blue trousers and embroidered shoes are embroidered at the waist. Married people tie their hair in a bun, while unmarried people hang it on their backs or braid it on their heads, all of which are wrapped in embroidery, printing or colored towels. There is a familiar word on the headdress of Bai girls, and that is: romantic love. Commentary: the hat of the Bai girl, Keiko hanging down is the wind of Shimonoseki; Gorgeous floral decorations are flowers on the gate; The top of the hat is as white as Cangshan snow; The curved shape is the moon in Erhai Lake.
Women's headdresses are even more colorful: unmarried women in Dali comb their braids, put them outside the flower handkerchief, wrap them with flower ribbons, and hang a bunch of Bai Liusu on the left; After marriage, the braid is changed into a bun, put on the top of the head, wrapped with a dyed or batik blue cloth handkerchief and wrapped with plain cloth strips. Girls in Yufeng, Deng Chuan and Eryuan like to wear "Fengpa"; In some places, flowers are wrapped in towels or braids are wrapped around their heads, and then a bunch of red ropes are wrapped around them; In some places, the headdress is "one tile"; In some places, people's heads are covered with many pieces of head cloth, and the outermost piece of cloth is embroidered with patterns that Bai people like. It's especially nice to surround it with headbands of various colors. Women like bracelets and pendant earrings with jade or silver. Urban residents wear more Chinese clothes, while young people love fashion.
Hand-thank: In Fengyubaozi, Eryuan County, Yunnan Province, Bai girls and their daughters-in-law have learned the custom of making hand-thank since childhood. Women who can't make birthday shoes are often ridiculed as incompetent. Hand shoes, made of red satin or cloth. A long-lived pattern is spelled out on the toe, and an elegant pine and cypress is embroidered under the pattern, embroidered with blue silk thread; The heel of the vamp is a symmetrical right triangle pattern; Three-layer sole. Wearing long-lived shoes marks that people have entered old age, which is both blessed and blessed. Talents usually start to wear their first pair of shoes on their 60th birthdays.
traditional festival
Torch grab
March Street, also known as Guanyin City, is a grand festival and ceremony for the Bai people. The lunar calendar is held from March 15th to 20th at the foot of Diancang Mountain in western Dali. At first, it was full of religious activities, and later it gradually turned into a grand material exchange meeting.
Torch Festival is held in Baitun Village on June 25th of the China lunar calendar.
Around the three spirits, in late April of the lunar calendar, three or four days.
Shi Baoshan Song Festival, held in Shibao at the end of July of the lunar calendar ...
What do Bai people eat? The main characteristics of Chinese cabbage are sour, spicy and slightly hemp. It mainly takes local animals and plants as raw materials and has strong local and ethnic colors. The most common food is fish.
What are the beliefs and diets of the Bai people? There are three categories, sometimes overlapping.
The first is to protect the belief in God, who is called "Lord". Worship of the Lord is a unique religion that the Bai people believe in. "Lord" is the Lord of the territory of the Bai nationality and the patron saint of a village or a certain area. Almost every village has its own main temple, in which statues of sandalwood wood wood carving, clay sculpture and stone carving are enshrined. The gods worshipped in the village? Different fiends have regular Sunday sacrifices every year. In this Lord, there are gods of nature worship, heroes worship, royal ministers of civil and military affairs of Nanzhao Dali, and outsiders or unknown figures of all colors. In normal times, regardless of life and death or illness, weddings, festivals, going home and having children, we all go to our main temple to worship and have a meal in order to bless, and we also hope that our Lord will be "responsive" and bless good people.
The second category is Buddhism, especially Tantric Buddhism. Originated in Nanzhao period of Tang Dynasty, it was called Mi Dian. During Nanzhao period, Buddhism spread in the Tang Dynasty, in which Ali, a branch of Tantric Sect, was introduced into Dali area of Yunnan around the Tang Dynasty, and then influenced Dali Kingdom period, and gradually declined after Yuan and Ming Dynasties. The main ways of practice are chanting, meditation and blessing, and there are so-called "three secrets", namely, the secret of language (reciting the truth), the secret of body (signing calligraphy) and the secret of meaning (visualizing the mind). Aliism has been circulating in Dali for a long time and has a wide influence. It was once the dominant religion of Nanzhao Dali, a local political power in southwest China. In the process of long-term inheritance, it interacted and blended with the original religious culture of the Bai nationality, and formed a branch of China Buddhism Tantric Sect with Bai characteristics, which is called "Dali Tantric Sect", "Mibai Sect" and "Mi Dian Sect" for short.
Compared with other tantric schools, "Yunnan Secret" Ali has the following obvious characteristics: First, monks especially worship Guanyin. The title of "Ayiye Guanyin" is rare in Buddhist classics and is unique to Ayili religion. Guanyin statue is slender, with wide shoulders and thin waist, and wears the clothes of Indian bodhisattva, so Bai believers commonly call it thin waist Guanyin. Guanyin is the product of localization and nationalization after Buddhist statues were introduced into Bai areas. Second, the Lord God is a big black god. The Great Black God is a free translation of the Sanskrit "Mahagalo" and the protector of the Ali religion of "Mi Dian". The big black god has a very lofty position in the Bai nationality and enjoys the worship of believers. Third, monks can have families. As a religious school, Yunnan esoteric biography has become history, but as a form of religious belief, it has not completely disappeared from the social life of the Bai people, but has been passed down from generation to generation by the Bai people through integration with other religions. Today, we can still find traces of Alimu in some beliefs of Bai people.
The third category is Taoism and other natural religions, which are also manifested in Dali and other areas where Bai people live in concentrated communities. Bai people have been in contact with Han people for a long time and are very familiar with Han folk culture. Among them, the belief in ghosts and gods related to Taoism in Han customs is also manifested in Bai culture.
What are the delicious foods of Dali Bai people? According to my personal experience, there are really not many delicious things in Dali, and the cooking art is not so good. As far as food is concerned, there are probably these:
Dali casserole fish-the first push. It is made of fine casserole produced in Xiangyun, bowback fish, yellow shell fish or carp caught in Erhai Lake, and rich and colorful ingredients. Sitting on the dining table, the big mat paved with vegetable leaves boils in the pot, and the fish is tender and delicious. Known as the "diet with a hundred supplements", eating fish in Dali casserole is the greatest pleasure.
⊙ Midu Juanti-Ertui Midu Juanti is a famous specialty in Midu County, which has a history of more than 500 years and was listed as a famous court dish in the Ming Dynasty. High-quality lean pork is used as the main raw material, with 10 kinds of all-natural flavors, colors, flavors and precious Chinese medicines.
⊙ Mugua chicken-three pushes. Yunlong County of Dali Prefecture uses its rich sour taste and delicious papaya roast chicken to prevent and cure diseases and nourish the body. Soup and meat are sour and fragrant, with pure taste and no greasy feeling. After eating, it will make your appetite open and your body comfortable.
Deng Chuan chest fan-four pushes. Baked, fried or cold, sweet and salty. Frankincense is crisp, which is a good dish to drink and a special snack.
⊙ Xizhou Baba-five pushes. Baked wheat flour, layered with heavy oil and diced ham, baked in a chestnut charcoal stove, tastes excellent. All food stores can taste it.
Heqing pork liver fried-six pushes. This is kimchi with meat. Use pig liver. Chop pork belly, pork intestines and other internal organs, and coarsely grind them with spices such as Chili noodles, prickly ash, star anise, tsaoko and concentrated salt. Juice is spicy and delicious, appetizing pickles.
⊙ Potato Baba —— Wash, cook, peel, pound into paste, add appropriate amount of flour to make paste, put it in a spoon, soak it in an oil pan, fry it until brown, set it up, and take it out, which is a round spoon with thin sides and slightly thick middle. Sprinkle with salt and pepper noodles, it tastes fragrant and delicious.
⊙ Second Hospital Milk Fan-named after it looks like a paper fan. The milk fan is oily and bright, sweet and delicious, and has high nutritional value. There are many ways to eat it, such as frying, steaming and frying. There are famous dishes such as fried milk vermicelli, stewed three fresh milk vermicelli and fried milk vermicelli dumplings.
⊙ Cold shredded chicken rice noodles-The cold rice noodles are covered with cooked shredded chicken, and the marinade made of walnut sauce and small powder is very refreshing.
Ham and chicken mixed bait-Ham and chicken mixed bait is a traditional delicacy that Tomb-Sweeping Day, a Bai nationality in Heqing, must eat, and it is also a famous point for entertaining distinguished guests. The ingredients are exquisite, the cooking is exquisite, the seasoning is unique, the finished product is fragrant, sweet and slightly spicy, delicate and without residue, and the ham and chicken offal have a long aftertaste.
Roasting pork is a unique lifestyle of Bai people in Dali and Eryuan. On holidays or weddings, Bai people kill pigs to eat meat, and their way of killing fat pigs is very unique. The method is that after the pig is slaughtered, it will be barbecued with straw or table pole by the well. One person fanned the wind and helped the fire with a dustpan, and the other person stirred the straw from time to time with two sticks, so that the whole pig would be blackened by the straw fire. Then wash the pigs with well water and scrape off the black fur with a pig-killing knife. After shaving, the whole pig is golden yellow and gives off a fresh fragrance. Finally, cut open the belly, divide the fat pig into several pieces, cook it or save it for eating. This is the "roast pork" of the Bai people. It tastes fragrant and refreshing, without the smell of soup and pork.
Live boiled live fish-In restaurants with scenic spots in famous villages such as Xizhou, Zhoucheng, butterfly spring and Erhai Park in Dali, foreign tourists can eat "live boiled live fish", with delicious soup and fresh fish.
Dali's delicious papaya with pickled peppers-it tastes quite refreshing. Soak dried papaya in water.
Dali specialty snacks: Three kinds of Erhai fish-Erhai bow fish, which is said to be a specialty of Erhai Lake. As early as the Tang Dynasty, bowfish was sent to Chang 'an as a tribute. Bai people eat delicious fish. The famous "Xiaguan Casserole Fish" in the whole province is a famous dish with Bai flavor, which is made of bowhead fish or carp caught in Erhai Lake as the main raw material and dozens of auxiliary materials. Xizhou Bai's "Xizhou Fish" is particularly delicious. Xizhou fish is made of Erhai yellow shell ear. The seawater cooked by Bai fishermen is even more unique. Feeding on charcoal stoves on fishing boats.
Plum is a traditional food of Bai nationality. During Nanzhao period in the Tang Dynasty, there was a custom of visiting relatives and friends to give plums to each other. Carving plum is named after carving patterns on plum fruit. It tastes fragrant, crisp and sweet. The sweetness in the acid makes people feel deeply, which can quench thirst and stimulate appetite ... >>
What are the customs and habits of the Bai people, what house do they live in and what kind of housing do they like to eat?
In the housing form of Bai people, the dam area is mostly "three long houses", with huts with kitchens, barns and yards, or tile houses with "one front and two ears", "three sides and one wall" and "four entrances and five patios", with bedrooms, kitchens and barns separated. Most of the mountainous areas are straw houses, "flash houses", bamboo baskets or "wooden cribs" with stables upstairs and downstairs, and cooking and sleeping places are often connected.
marriage customs
In Baijia, the son separated from his parents after marriage. Bai people share the same surname and do not marry.
Young men and women of Bai nationality are relatively free in love activities. They usually use labor, fairs, festivals and temple fairs to fall in love, test each other through folk songs, express their feelings and find their own Mr Right.
White wedding
When a young Bai man woos a girl, the girl will give Baba to the man if she agrees. At the wedding, the bride will humiliate the room and make fish soup; On the first Mid-Autumn Festival after marriage, the bride will make a big cake to show off her cooking skills. During the wedding, tea is served first, and then four or four seats are set (that is, four dishes, four plates, four pots and four bowls). The way to treat guests for nothing, whether at ordinary times or on holidays, is to give Shen Feng tea first, and pour it three times in a row, which is the so-called three teas. Can't pour tea for guests. There is a folk saying that "wine is full of respect, tea is full of deceit."
Backmarriage is a popular marriage custom in the Bai area of Eryuan County, Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan Province. At every intersection, fork in the road or crowded place, the guests who accompany him will stop and code the dowry into two piles, so that the groom can wrap the "8" around the dowry with the bride on his back.
White wedding
Bai nationality is monogamous, and the wedding is grand and warm. According to the traditional custom, on the wedding day, the groom and the boys must get married on a big horse. After the bride marries back, she should pay New Year greetings to the elders at home, and then invite them to dinner. The bride and groom will accompany the guests for dinner. At this time, guests can ask questions to the newlyweds or let them perform programs. The wedding was shrouded in cheers and laughter. The most distinctive thing is to light Chili powder at the wedding. Many people sneeze and cough in laughter, which is very lively.
There are three forms of Bai marriage: one is to marry the daughter to the man's house, accounting for the majority; The second is to invite the uncle to come to the door. This situation is mainly because the woman's parents have no sons, and even if they do, they are stupid and sick, so they invited the uncle to come to the door. The uncle who comes to the door must change the woman's surname and then be renamed by the woman's elders; The third is the form of returning to the door, that is, seven days after marriage, the wife takes her husband with curtains and bedding and goes back to the woman's house to live. Because the woman's family has brothers, but they are too young and their parents are old, they have to "roll up the accounts" to support the elderly and take care of their siblings. After the younger brother grew up and got married, the man took his wife back to his home. These three forms of marriage have a long history and are still in use today. But no matter what kind of marriage, the date and process of marriage are basically the same. It's just that a woman marries a man, not a man marries a woman, and the roles of the two sides are reversed. When a son gets married, he will usually separate from his parents and form a small family. Parents choose who to live with, and most choose to live with their youngest son. Therefore, monogamous family is a common form of family organization for Bai people.
According to the custom of Bai nationality, if her husband dies, the wife can observe the festival for life or remarry, but she must not take her ex-husband's property with her when remarried. In some areas, there is also the custom of changing rooms. After the death of my brother, my sister-in-law can marry my brother and be called my uncle's sister-in-law, but this phenomenon is rare.
eating habits
Bai people attach importance to festivals, and almost every festival has one or several kinds of food. For example, eating Tintin Sugar, making rice tea, and eating rice in Jiangzhai during the Spring Festival; Eat steamed cakes and noodles in March Street; Tomb-Sweeping Day eats assorted cold dishes and "Zhai Xiang Yan" (fried crispy meat); Eat zongzi and realgar wine during the Dragon Boat Festival; Eat new beans, tender melons, old grain mixed with new rice in the new year; Eat sweets and all kinds of sweets on Torch Festival; Eating morels, checking fish and meat without restraint; Eat white cakes and drunken cakes in Mid-Autumn Festival; Eat fat sheep on the Double Ninth Festival; A farm that eats fried grains and mutton on the solstice in winter.
Bai nationality diet
Bai people used to use "eight bowls of Xizhou soil" for wedding banquets, which consisted of eight hot dishes: red rice stewed with red meat; Crispy meat fried with egg paste; Add soy sauce and honey to steam thousands of pork with five flowers and three lines; Steamed pork with sweet potato or potato; Dry incense of pig head, pig liver and pork; White lentils wrapped in minced meat and egg crumbs; Chopsticks made of fungus, tofu, water, shredded eggs and vegetable stalks; Fried pork strips with bamboo shoots. Besides, each guest has a packet of coconuts.
Bai people also have dietary taboos, mainly because they don't use iron knives on New Year's Day. Housewives should cook quietly, not blowing fire, and must go to the well to "fetch water". Cooking at home is all about stir-frying and stir-frying. You can't use red food, and you can't make red packets and twists in advance ... >>
Living habits of the Bai nationality Bai nationality is a branch of the Han nationality, and its so-called festivals are all forgotten festivals of the Han nationality.
Because of its remote location, it is undeniable that there are many ethnic groups in the south-central part of matriarchal families in history.
The so-called Bai costume is a kind of costume with lapels formed after the ban of Hanfu in Qing Dynasty.
Bai dance is a relic of Han dance. Historically, the Han nationality is a nation that likes dancing very much.
Before liberation, the Bai nationality was called the ethnic group. Just like Hakka dialect, all the languages of the migrating Han nationality were Chinese, but the pronunciation was different from Mandarin. There are many ancient sounds, but the grammatical roots are all Chinese. Before liberation, according to the national ethnic division policy, they were divided into the so-called Bai nationality. In fact, Tujia people are also divided in this way. At that time, Hakkas were also prepared to be divided into ethnic minorities, but there were too many Hakkas and they resolutely opposed their division into Han nationality. Their strong sense of Han nationality made ethnologists give up the plan of dividing themselves into a nation.
There is another ethnic group in Qing Chuan, which is a standard Han nationality, but at that time it was in conflict with the local indigenous Han nationality and insisted on being divided into ethnic minorities. Although it is not clear, the name of Chuan Qingren has also been handed down. In fact, the cultural level of Yunnan people's families is much higher than that of any other ethnic group around them. The genealogies of the most popular families in Yunnan are all from the Central Plains. Their surnames are all standard China surnames, exactly the same as those of the Han nationality. In fact, it is very realistic for the country to be determined from the Jino people. No longer identify with a new country. Practice has proved that the ethnic policy and ethnic division from the Soviet Union run counter to the goal of China's revival.
What foods do Miao, Bai and Tu people like to eat? Rice, speechless.