First, land selection and soil preparation
Strawberry orchard should be selected with sufficient sunlight, slightly higher terrain, flat ground, convenient irrigation and drainage, and fertile and loose soil.
It is advisable that the crops before planting strawberry in the greenhouse are beans or onions and garlic vegetables, and weeds and underground pests should be eliminated in the garden first. It can be sprayed with 1 times of 5% phoxim EC (5-6 cm wet soil layer) to control grubs, crickets and cutworms.
after one week, 5 kg of high-quality decomposed farm manure, 1 kg of calcium superphosphate and 5 kg of potassium chloride were applied to the mu base. Combined with deep turning over the garden, fine soil preparation was made to make the border surface 2 cm high and 5 cm wide, and the border ditch was 3 cm wide. The length of the greenhouse is limited to 2 meters, and there are 4 beds in it.
second, transplanting technology
in order to get strawberries on the market from the end of January to the beginning of February, the time for transplanting strawberry seedlings from breeding nursery to the border of greenhouse should be in early September.
two rows should be planted in each border with a row spacing of 27 cm and a hole spacing of 2 cm, and 12, plants should be planted per mu. When planting, the inflorescences of plants in the same row face in the same direction, so that the strawberry seedlings bow back towards the predetermined growth direction of inflorescences, the seedling center is exposed from the border, the roots are spread out and buried in the loose soil layer, and the planting water is poured in time, and the exposed roots are buried in the soil layer.
third, planting management
1, intertillage and fertilization. Tillering and loosening the soil is beneficial to the decomposition of organic matter. From November to December, shallow cultivation should be carried out for 3 times. Top dressing once at the initial flowering stage and the initial fruit setting stage. Apply 1 kilograms of urea, 2 kilograms of phosphate fertilizer, 1 kilograms of potassium chloride or 35 kilograms of ternary compound fertilizer per mu.
2. Management in the prophase of flower bud differentiation. Strawberry seedlings transplanted in early September should be covered with a sunshade net for shade, in addition to timely supplementing water. The net is 1.2 meters above the ground, which is convenient for personnel to operate. It is necessary to remove dead leaves, old leaves, axillary buds and stolons in time and keep 5-6 leaves. The flower bud differentiation needs low temperature and short sunshine, and the shade net can be covered with grass (grass curtain).
Through the operation process of uncovering and covering grass, the conditions of short sunshine and low temperature were artificially created, which promoted the differentiation of terminal inflorescence and axillary inflorescence for more than a month.
3. Irrigation and drainage methods. At the early stage of flowering and berry growth, water once respectively. It is advisable to use furrow irrigation, so that the water should be irrigated to 2/3 of the height of the ditch, so that the water can gradually penetrate into the border soil and the remaining water in the ditch can be discharged.
if it is dry, it should be irrigated once every 5-7 days. Using a metal tube at the front end of a rubber tube for hole irrigation can not only save water, but also keep the border soil loose. When it rains in autumn, it should be drained in time. Drainage ditches should be made around the strawberry orchard as early as possible so that the water in the border ditch in the shed can be drained.
4. Cover with plastic film. October to early November is the end of strawberry inflorescence differentiation, and the sunshade net can be removed. In Jiangzhun area, the beginning of winter is covered with plastic film, and the plastic film is covered in front of the heavy snow, so that the temperature in the shed is kept at 28-3℃. "Warm winter" year, "winter solstice" season covered with plastic film in the shed.
In the "cold winter" year, plastic films should be covered in both large and medium sheds. In a word, the temperature in the shed should be above 25℃ or at least above 23℃ during the period from "slight cold" to "severe cold". Only when the above temperature is met can strawberries grow normally.
5. Ventilation operation. The soil moisture for strawberry seedlings should be 7%-8%. The air humidity in the shed should be 6%-7%. Therefore, when the temperature in the shed exceeds 3℃, it should be ventilated. From November to December, the plastic film at both ends of the shed and the middle shed should be uncovered from 1 am to 3 pm for ventilation. When the humidity in the shed exceeds 7%, it should also be ventilated to reduce the air humidity in the shed.
When bees are kept in the shed during flowering, nylon wire nets can be made at both ends of the big shed and the middle shed to facilitate smooth ventilation. Another function of greenhouse ventilation is to prevent strawberry powdery mildew.
6. harvesting. It takes about 3 days for strawberry seedlings to bloom and set fruit until berries are colored, softened and released with special flavor. Strawberry berries should be harvested in batches after they are ripe. Generally, the yield of strawberries per mu is 15 kg.
Fourth, disease control
1. Leaf spot disease: also known as snake eye disease, mainly harms leaves, petioles, fruit stalks, tender stems and seeds. Small dark purple spots are formed on the leaves, and after expansion, a nearly round or oval lesion is formed, with purple-red brown edges, gray-white center and slightly thin wheels, so that the whole lesion is snake-eyed, and no small black particles are formed on the lesion.
control measures: remove diseased leaves and old leaves in time. At the beginning of the disease, 7% chlorothalonil wettable powder was used 5 ~ 7 times, and sprayed again ten days later. Or spray 75 kg of water with 7% mancozeb wettable powder, 2 g per mu.
2. Powdery mildew: mainly damages leaves, but also flowers, fruits, fruit stalks and petioles. The leaves roll up like spoons. The flower buds and petals are purple, unable to bloom or fully bloom, and the fruit is not swollen and slender; Young fruits lose luster and harden. When strawberries are damaged in near maturity, they will lose their commodity value.
prevention and control measures: focus on spraying Bubomei .3-degree stone-sulfur mixture in and around the disease center strain. After harvesting, cut leaves in the whole garden and spray 7% thiophanate methyl 1 times solution or 5% tebufen 8 times solution and 3% Teflon 5 times solution.
3. Botrytis cinerea is the main disease after flowering, which can occur on flowers, petals, fruits and leaves. Brown spots are formed on the fruit during the expansion period, and gradually expand. The dense gray mold softens and corrupts the fruit, which seriously affects the yield.
control measures: from budding to flowering, spraying with 3 times solution of 25% carbendazim wettable powder, 8 times solution of 5% captan wettable powder and 5-7 times solution of 5% chlorphenamine. Root rot: from the lower leaves, the leaf edge turns reddish brown, gradually withers upward, and even dies. The pillar began to turn dark brown and corrupt in the middle, and the central column of the root was red.
control measures: before strawberry transplanting, use 6 times of 4% asparagus green powder, pour it on the border, then cover the soil and level it for transplanting, so as to effectively kill the germs in the soil, reduce the source base of bacteria in the field and reduce the chance of infection.
4. Verticillium wilt: This disease is a soil disease, and its main symptoms are deformity of young leaves, yellowing of leaves and extremely rough surface of leaves. Then the leaf edge turns brown and withers inward until it dies.
control measures: strictly introduce disease-free plants for planting; Shorten the renewal period; Use 13.5-2 liters of chloropicrin or solar film to irrigate the soil for disinfection; Those who are already ill must be pulled out and burned. ?
Reference: Baidu Encyclopedia-Planting Strawberries