1, soil selection: bergamot likes loose, fertile and well-drained acidic soil conditions, and the pot soil should be mixed with loose sandy soil and red and yellow loam, adding a proper amount of decomposed organic fertilizer, and sticky alkaline soil is not good for its growth and development. Pot soil can be prepared with 60% coarse sand, 20% decomposed organic fertilizer and 20% field soil.
2. Fixed planting: First, select the seedlings, and require the period of well-developed and robust root system and uniform branch planting, with autumn planting from September to 10 and spring planting from late February to early April. Before the pot, pruning and root pruning should be carried out to keep the fibrous roots intact.
3. Watering: After the bergamot is placed in the basin, immediately pour the root water thoroughly. After the soil is dry, water it to keep the soil moist, but it is necessary to prevent the waterlogging in the basin from affecting the root growth. Watering is the key to the success of fingered citron planting. After April to May, the temperature rises, fingered citron grows rapidly and the water demand increases. It is hot and hot in summer. In addition to keeping the soil in the basin moist, water should be sprayed around to keep a certain environmental humidity. In autumn, the temperature gradually drops, and the amount of watering can be gradually reduced; In winter, when the tree goes into dormancy, it should be moved into a greenhouse, and the basin should be kept moist to prevent it from being too wet and too dry, so as to avoid root rot or plant wilting. The water of bergamot should be treated flexibly according to the specific situation of seedlings, with less water for small trees and weak trees and more water for big trees and strong trees; The fruit should not be watered during the swelling period to avoid falling fruit.
4. Fertilization: Combined with watering and topdressing, fertilization of potted bergamot can be divided into four different stages in a year: first, thin fertilizer should be applied every seven days from vernal equinox to awn seed, and potassium dihydrogen phosphate can also be used as topdressing outside the roots, with the aim of enhancing tree vigor. Second, it is the peak and fruiting period between the awn seed and the summer heat, and fertilization should be done every 3 to 5 days, and the fertilizer content can be thicker than before. At this time, more phosphorus and potassium fertilizers are applied, aiming at more flowers and less fruit drop, and artificial pollination can be carried out. Third, between the summer heat and the autumnal equinox, the bergamot fruit is in the expansion period, and more compound fertilizers such as potassium and phosphorus are used, and less nitrogen fertilizer is used, otherwise the fruit will delay maturity. Fourth, during the period from Bailu to first frost, thin phosphorus and potassium fertilizer were applied after fruit picking, and watering and nitrogen fertilizer were controlled, so as to restore tree vigor and promote flower bud differentiation. In short, fertilizer and water should be controlled in the early stage of fruit bearing, and fertilizer and water should be added in the fruit expansion stage.
5. Pruning: After the bergamot is put into the pot, it begins to grow mainly in nutrition, and the terminal buds grow continuously, without self-shearing. Therefore, it is necessary to pay attention to the topping of the main shoots, promote branching and dwarf the crown. Sparse the dense and weak branches, adjust the tree posture and beautify the tree potential by combining the methods of supporting, pulling and hanging. After fruiting, according to the growth and fruiting potential, the buds were smeared in spring and summer, resulting in the topping of branches, thinning flowers and fruits, promoting the balance between shoots and fruits in each period and preventing the phenomenon of big and small years.
6, cold: bergamot is worse than ordinary citrus, when it encounters low temperature, it will lose a lot of leaves, and the branches will freeze and dry, which will affect the flowering, fruit setting and growth and development in the coming year. Therefore, bergamot should improve the indoor air temperature and humidity after entering the room in winter to enhance the resistance of the tree.
Pest control: sooty blotch is the main disease of bergamot, which is caused by saprophytic fungi, making the branches and leaves densely covered with light black black black mold, which affects the photosynthesis of leaves. It can be controlled by 50% 800-fold fungicide or carbendazim. Insect pests mainly include aphids and scale insects. In May-June and August-September, when aphids harm the tender leaves at the top of bergamot branches, 500 times of 50% carbaryl is added to the pot. From June to July, red spider is easy to harm leaves in dry and hot weather, and 40% dimethoate 1000 times solution can be sprayed for control after it is found.