Second, the chemical composition of Ginkgo biloba leaves is complex. The analysis and determination show that Ginkgo biloba extract contains more than 160 components, and the main components are diterpenoid lactones, flavonoid glycosides and organic acids. Among them, terpenoids are effective platelet activating factor (PAF) antagonists, including ginkgolides A, B, C, M, J, ginkgolides and bilobalide, all of which have diterpenoid or semi-terpene structures. Ginkgolides have a unique 12-carbon skeleton structure, embedded with a tert-butyl group and six five-membered rings, including a spiro (44) nonane, a tetrahydrofuran ring and three lactone rings. Commonly used codes are BN52020, BN5202 1, BN52022, BN52023 and BN52024, which represent ginkgolides a, b and c respectively. Ginkgo biloba leaves contain 35 kinds of flavonoids, including 6 kinds of biflavonoids, 24 kinds of flavonoid aglycones and flavonoid glycosides, including ginkgetin, quercetin, isorhamnetin, kaempferol, ginkgetin and isoflavones.
Three, beneficial and harmful respectively are
1, antioxidant effect
2. Protective effect on brain injury
3. The role of dementia and schizophrenia.
4. Effects on cardiovascular system
5. Therapeutic effect on glaucoma
6. Therapeutic effect on imbalance
7. Anti-gentamicin toxicity
8. Others: Onen A et al. evaluated the preventive effect of EGb on intestinal ischemia-reperfusion injury from the perspective of histopathology. Fifty Wistar rats were divided into five groups: sham operation group, control group, Ginkgo biloba extract 50 mg/kg group before laparotomy, Ginkgo biloba extract group before ischemia and EGb group before reperfusion. Histopathological biopsy showed that Ginkgo biloba extract could obviously prevent intestinal necrosis before reperfusion.
9. Ginkgo biloba leaves also have toxic side effects. It has been reported recently that taking Ginkgo biloba leaves can cause measles. Granger AS reported that two well-controlled epileptic patients relapsed within two weeks after taking Ginkgo biloba extract, but did not have another seizure for several months after stopping taking it. It is reported that spontaneous cerebral hemorrhage occurs after taking EGb, which deserves attention.