The source is the fruit of Poncirus trifoliata (L.) Raf, a member of the Brassicaceae family, Citrus aurantium L., Citrus aurantium L., Citrus aromaticum C. wilsonii Tanaka, or Citrus amara C. aurantium L. var. Engl. and other nearly ripe fruits.

Harvested in July when the pericarp is still green, cut in half horizontally from the center, dried in the sun or dried at low temperature.

These are bitter, pungent, sour and warm. Attributes to the spleen, stomach meridian.

Functions and IndicationsRegulating qi and relaxing the middle, promoting stagnation and eliminating flatulence. It is used in treating stagnation of qi in the chest and hypochondrium, distension and pain, food stagnation, phlegm and drink; gastric ptosis, prolapse of anus, and prolapse of ZiGuan.

Dosage 3~9g.

Note that pregnant women should be cautious.

Store in a cool and dry place, prevent moth.

Remarks (1) Cultivated varieties are mainly yellow-skinned lime Citrus aurantium 'Huangpi', Daidaihua Citrus aurantium ?'Daidai', Zhu Luan Citrus aurantium 'Chuluan', Tang orange Citrus aurantium 'Tangcheng'.

Methodology

Hovenia Citrus aurantium:Remove impurities, wash, moisten, thinly sliced, dried and sifted to remove the crushed pith core. This product is irregular arc-shaped strip-shaped slices, up to 5cm long, up to 1.3cm wide. cut surface of the exocarp brown to brown, mesocarp yellow-white to yellow-brown, near the outer edge of the 1 to 2 columns of dotted oil chamber, the inner side of some have a small amount of purple-brown pith capsule.

Bran Fried Hovenia Husk: take Hovenia Husk slices, according to the bran frying method (Appendix II D) fried until the color becomes dark. This product is irregular curved strip-shaped thin slices, darker color, some have scorched spots.

Traits

This product is hemispherical, 3-5cm in diameter, the pericarp is brown or brown, with granular protrusions, protrusions at the tip of the pitted oil chambers; there is a clear remnant of the style or pedicel marks. The cut mesocarp is yellowish-white, smooth and slightly elevated, 0.4-1.3cm thick, with 1-2 columns of oil chambers scattered along the edge, and the flesh capsule is 7-12 petals, or 15 petals in a few cases, with the juice capsule drying up and shrinking from brown to tan, and the seeds hidden inside. The texture is hard, not easy to break. Gas fragrance, taste bitter, slightly acidic.

Identification

(1) The powder of this product is yellowish white or brownish yellow. Mesocarp cells class round or irregular shape, the wall is mostly uneven thickening. Pericarp epidermal cells surface view polygonal, square-like or rectangular, stomata nearly circular, diameter 16 ~ 34μm, 5 ~ 9 parietal guard cells; lateral view of the outer cuticle. Sap sac tissue yellowish or colorless, thin film, surface view epidermal cells narrow, wrinkled, and interlaced with the lower cells. Calcium oxalate square crystals existed in the pericarp and juice vesicle cells, which were rhomboid, polyhedral or biconical in shape, with diameters of 3-30 μm. threads, reticulated ducts and tubules were small.

(2) Take 0.5g of the powder, add 10ml of methanol, heat and reflux for 10 minutes, filtrate, take 1ml of filtrate, add about 5mg of potassium tetrahydroboron, shake well, add a few drops of hydrochloric acid, and the solution shows cherry red to purplish red.

Determination of content

Determined by high performance liquid chromatography (Appendix VI D).

Chromatographic conditions and system suitability test Octadecylsilane-bonded silica gel was used as filler; acetonitrile-water (21.5:80.5) (pH adjusted to 3 with phosphoric acid) was used as the mobile phase; and the detection wavelength was 283 nm; the theoretical plate number should be not less than 2000 according to the naringin peak.

Preparation of control solution 15mg of naringin control product, which was dried under reduced pressure and placed in 50 ml of liquid chromatographic chamber, was weighed precisely and dried to a constant weight. 15mg of naringin control product, placed in a 50ml measuring flask, add methanol to the scale, shaking, precision measurement of 5ml, placed in a 25ml measuring flask, add methanol to the scale, shaking, that is to say, (each 1ml contains naringin 60μg).

Preparation of test solution Take about 0.2g of crude powder, precision weighing, placed in a stoppered conical flask, precision add 50ml of methanol, tightly closed, weighing, heating reflux for 1.5 hours, cooling, tightly closed, and then weighing, with methanol to make up for the loss of weight, shaking, filtration, precision measurement of 10ml of filtrate, evaporation, residue of 3-5ml of water to make the dissolution, cooling, through the polyamide column (50-80 mesh), the polyamide column (50-80 mesh). Polyamide column (50-80 mesh, 2g, inner diameter 1.8cm, wet loading column), eluted with 25ml of water, discard the aqueous solution, and then eluted with 50ml of methanol, collect the eluent, transferred to a 50ml measuring flask, add methanol to the scale, shaking well, filtered through microporous membranes (0.45μm), and then take the filtrate, that is, the product.

Method of determination Precise aspiration of 20μl each of control solution and test solution, injected into the liquid chromatograph, determination,

that is to obtain.

This product contains naringin (C27H32O14) not less than 4.0%.

Pharmacokinetics

Rabbits Intravenous injection of l4.8MBq/kgN-methylcoolamine, radioimmunoassay to measure away the blood concentration, the in vivo process in line with the two-compartment open model. t1/2a is 0.3 minutes, t1/2B is 5.6 minutes, the mouse tissue distribution test proved that the distribution of its rapid and extensive. A large amount of radioactivity was detected in organs 2 minutes after intravenous injection. The highest levels were found in the kidney and liver, followed by the lungs, small intestine and heart. Metabolites appeared in the blood within 0.5 minutes of administration, and more than 80% of the metabolites were excreted in the urine within 1 hour.

Pharmacological effects

1. Effects on tracheal smooth muscle: Sinfrin has a strong dilatation of the trachea and bronchi. Intravenous injection in anesthetized cats can completely counteract the bronchoconstriction induced by histamine, and has the same effect on the isolated trachea of guinea pigs.

2. Anti-blood cell agglutination: rats taking Hovenia cepa in the constituent Chuan Chenpi pigment, there is an inhibition of platelet agglutination, there is an obvious anti-thrombotic effect on rats, 3.2mg/kg dose is obviously stronger than the role of heparin (132 units/kg).

3. Anti-cancer effect: The half effective amount of chenpianin on KB cells of nasopharyngeal carcinoma is 3-28 μg/ml, and in vivo it is also effective against Lewis lung cancer and Wacker carcinoma 256 in mice.

4. Anti-inflammatory and antifungal effects: Chuan Chenpianin has a strong inhibitory effect on DeuterophomaTCMLIBacheiphila fungus with an anti-inflammatory ED25 of 20mg/kg and an anti-inflammatory strength of 50 units/g by Ungar method.

5. Effects on the uterus: Hovenia decoction on the non-pregnant and pregnant rabbit isolated uterus, in situ uterus and the uterine fistula of non-pregnant rabbits have obvious excitatory effect, which can make the uterine contraction rhythm increase. However, it has an inhibitory effect on the isolated uterus of mice regardless of the pregnant or non-pregnant part.

The pharmacological effects of the shell products:

Bran fried Citrus aurantium decoction on the rabbit isolated intestinal tube inhibition isolated uterine excitatory effect as well as on the mouse gastrointestinal peristalsis of the role of raw Citrus aurantium is similar, but the intensity of the effect of the raw product and slow. It is suggested that Hovenia citriodora can reduce or remove the irritating and harmful components after gluten frying, while retaining its active ingredients.

1. Effects on the cardiovascular system:

N-methyltyramine contained in Citrus aurantium increases coronary flow and renal blood bleeding, reduces myocardial oxygen consumption and obvious diuretic effect. Intravenous injection of 0.02-0.5mg/kg in anesthetized dogs, all of which showed a boosting effect, the dose is large, the boosting effect is obvious. Intravenous perfusion of 0.2mg/kg per minute,; renal blood flow increased by 75%, doubled urine output. There is a strong effect of inducing myocardial rhythm, the intensity of which is comparable to that of epinephrine and stronger than that of dopamine and synephrine. Citrus aurantium contains Sinfrin for adrenaline a-receptor stimulants, the heart B-receptors also have a certain excitatory effect. It has the effect of constricting blood vessels and producing elevated blood pressure.

2. Effects on blood flow of heart, brain and kidney:

Anesthetized dogs injected intravenously with Citrus aurantium injection (every 1ml = 4g of raw drug) 1ml/kg, there is a significant increase in cerebral blood flow. The mean increase in cerebral blood flow after injection was 82.6 ± 20.56 ml/100 g brain weight/min (P<0.01). The mean increase was equivalent to 86.4% of the pre-injection cerebral blood flow. The average decrease in cerebral vascular resistance index was 0.428±0.12 (P<0.01), which had a significant reduction in cerebral vascular resistance. Intravenous injection of 1.5 ml/kg had no significant effect on cerebral blood flow. Intravenous injection of Citrus aurantium 1.5 ml/kg in anesthetized dogs had a significant effect on increasing renal blood flow, with an average increase of 64.5±9.4 ml/100 g renal weight/min (P<0.01), the average increase was equivalent to 53.9% of the renal blood flow before the injection, and the renal vascular resistance index was reduced by an average of 0.519±0.176 (P<0.05), which had a significant The effect of lowering renal vascular resistance was significant, but the effect was not obvious when the same dose was injected intravenously. After intravenous injection of the above dose in the blood pressure increase at the same time, the femoral artery blood flow were reduced, the average reduction was 41.3% of the pre-dose, vascular resistance also increased.

3. Diuretic effect:

Intravenous injection of Citrus aurantium and N-methyltyramine in dogs had a significant increase in urine output, and at the same time, blood pressure and renal vascular resistance increased significantly. Its diuretic effect may be produced through other actions such as inhibition of renal tubular reabsorption. Another study concluded that Hovenia cepa constricts renal blood vessels through cardiovascular contraction, increasing the filtration pressure to play the role of sodium diuresis.

4. Effects on gastrointestinal smooth muscle:

Hovenia dulcis decoction on the mouse isolated intestinal tubes partially inhibited, while the rabbit isolated intestinal tubes are all manifested inhibition. This effect was antagonized by acetylcholine. However, the gastric impotence and intestinal impotence of dogs after gavage of 100% Hovenia glutinosa has an excitatory effect, can make the gastrointestinal motility contraction rhythm increase. When 100% concentrated Hovenia dulcis solution was gavaged to dogs at 1ml/kg, the period of small intestinal digestive intervals of integrated electromyography and I-phase time course was shortened, and II-phase time course was prolonged. It shows that Hovenia dulcis has the function of enhancing the degree of small intestinal smooth muscle tension and bitemporal contraction.

5. Effect on uterine smooth muscle:

Hovenia dulcis decoction has obvious excitatory effect on the uterine impotence of the isolated uterus, in situ uterus, and the uterus of the infertile rabbits in both the non-pregnant and pregnant rabbits, and it can make uterine contraction rhythms increase. But on the isolated uterus of mice regardless of pregnant or non-pregnant part of the inhibitory effect.

6. Anti-metamorphic effects:

The hot water-soluble lyophilized extract of Citrus aurantium was used in passive cutaneous allergic reaction (PCA) test in rats, 100-3200mg/kg intravenously, which has obvious inhibitory ability. In vitro assay also showed strong anti-allergic activity on the ability of histamine release from rat peritoneal mast cells, and its main active ingredients are honey orange flavin, citrus flavonoid and 3,5,6,7,8,3',4'-heptamethoxyflavone.

Chemical composition of traditional Chinese medicine

1. Lime fruit contains hesperidin (hesperidin), neohesperidin (neohesperidin), naringin (naringin), synephrine (synephrine), N-

Methyl tyramine (N-methyltyramine). The fruit contains naringin, rhoifolin, lonicerin, neohesperidin when immature, and neohesperidin disappears when the fruit is ripe. It has also been reported that the pericarp also contains nobiletin (5,6,7,8,3',4'-hexamethoxy flavone), hesperidin, 5,6,7,8,3',4'hexamethoxy flavone, and nerolidin (5,6,7,8,3',4'hexamethoxy flavone). 5,6,7,8,4'-pentamethoxy flavone (5,6,7,8,4'-pentamethoxy flavone), i.e., tangeritin (tangeritin), 5,7,4'-trimethoxyflavone (5,7,4 '-TCMLIBimethoxy flavone), 5,6,7,3',4'-pentamethoxy flavone known as sinensitin, 5,7,8,4'-tetramethoxy flavone (5,7,8. 4'-teTCMLIBamethoxy flavone) and 5,7,8,4'-pentamethoxyflavone. The seeds contain limonoids: ichangin (ichangin), deacetyl nomilin (deacetyl nomilin), limonin (limonin), nomilin

(nomilin), obacunone (obacunone), deacetylnomilinic acid (deacetylnomilinic acid). deacetylnomilinic acid, isolimonic acid, nomilinic acid and their 17-β-D-glucosides, but also contains 19-hydroxydeacetylnomilinic acid-17-β-D-glucoside (19-hydroxydeacetylnomilinic acid). hydroxydeacetylnomilinic acid-17-β-D-

glucoside).

2. Sweet orange fruit contains naringenin-7-rutinoside (naringenin-7-ruti-noside) that is, naringenin (narirutin), isosaku-ranetin-7-rutinoside (isosaku-ranetin-7-rutinoside), beriberi (eriociTCMLIBin

Naringenin-4'-glucoside-7-rutinoside,

N-methyltyramine. The rind contains hesperidin, naringenin, ciTCMLIBusin A, B, C, coniferin (coniferin), syringin (syringin), dehydrodiconiferyl alcohol-4-β-D-glucoside

(dehydrodiconiferyl alcohol-4-β-D-glucoside), 2-(4'-glucoside), 2-(4'-glucoside), 2-(4'-glucoside), 2-(4'-glucoside), 2-(4'-glucoside), 4'-glucoside, 7-(7'-rutinoside). glucoside), 2"-O-β-xylosylvitexin, 3-hydroxy-5,6,7,8,3',4'-hexamethoxyflavone-3β-glucoside, 3-hydroxy-5,6,7,8,3',4'-hexamethoxyflavone-3β-glucoside, 3-hydroxy-5,6,7,8,3',4'-hexamethoxyflavone-3β-glucoside (3-hydroxy-5,6,7,8,3',4'-hexamethoxyflavone-3β-glucoside) i.e., nobiletin-3-O-β-glucoside, 3,8-diglucosylvitexin (3,8-diglucosylvitexin), 3,8-diglucosylvitexin (3,8-diglucosylvitexin), and 3-hydroxy-5,6,7,8,3',4'-hexamethoxyflavone-3β-glucoside. glucosylapigenin), 3,8-di-C-glucosylapigenin, 3,8-diglucosyldiosmetin (3,8-di-C-glucosyldiosmetin), trans-caryophyllene-6β-glucopyranoside (TCMLIBans-carveol-6β-glucopyranoside) a-terpineol-8-β-D-glucopyranoside, 9-hydroxylinalool-9-β-glucopyranoside, vomifolol-9-O-D-glucopyranoside ( vomifoliol-9-O-β-D-

glucopyranoside), naringenin and other glycosides. It also contains fucoidan, chuanchengpiin, 5,7,4'-trimethoxyflavone, 5,7,3',4'-tetramethoxyflavone and 5,7,8,3',4'-pentamethoxyflavone, ciTCMLIBusin. ciTCMLIBusin) II, III and IV.

3. Tung orange fruit contains hesperidin, naringenin, neohesperidin, heliotrope glycosides (poncirin), palmitic acid, stearic acid (stearoc acid), oleic acid

(oleic acid), linoleic acid (linolenic acid), linolenic acid (linolenic acid), acetic acid, acetic acid, linolenic acid (linoleic acid), linolenic acid (linoleic acid), linolenic acid (linolenic acid). acid, linoleic acid, linolenic acid, octinoxate

florine, N-methyltyramine. The unripe fruit contains poncimarin, iso-

poncimarin, 7-geranyloxycoumarin, aurapten, 6-methoxy aurapten, 6-methyoxy aurapten, citronellolactone (aurapten, aurapten, aurapten, aurapten). ), bergapten, imperatorin. The seeds contain isopimpinellin (isopimpinellin), prangenin (heraclenin), prangeninhydrate (prangeninhydrate), bergapten, imperatorin, glucuronolactone, 6-methoxyglucuronolactone, and lemon bitters, deoxynivalenol, Yichang orange bitters, deoxynivalenol, yichang orange bitters.

Citrulline, deacetic acid, isocitrulline acid and other citrulline analogs.

The pericarp contains volatile oil (0.469%), which is composed of a-pinene (a-pinene), β-pinene, laurin (myrcene), limonene (limonene), camphorene (camphene), γ-terpinene (γ-terpinene), p-cymene, and butene (caryophyllene). caryophyllene).

Effects

Regulation of qi, broaden the chest; stagnation and elimination of accumulation

Examination

From the "Lei Gong Cannon Roasts"

Family Classification

Rutaceae

Pharmaceutical (Toxicological)

Hydrochloride of N-methyl-tyramine, intravenous injection of the LD50 33.9mg/kg.

N-methyltyramine hydrochloride has an LD50 of 33.9mg/kg for intravenous administration, and the LD50 for subcutaneous administration in rats is 800mg/kg for Synephrine bis-tartrate.

Synephrine has a low toxicity profile. In anaesthetized dogs, a cumulative amount of up to 2g/kg was administered intravenously within 30 minutes, and no serious reactions were observed. A few animals had gastrointestinal distension and massive salivation after large amounts of the drug. The LD50 of Citrus aurantium injection in mice injected intravenously was 71.8±6.5 g/kg. Hot methanol extract of Citrus aurantium was mutagenized by Ames method and found to be lethal to TA98 strain S-9Mix (-).

Administration

Plankton in the chest and septum; distension and pain in the coarseness of the ribs; food accumulation without dissolution; distension and fullness in the epigastric region; dysentery and heaviness after dysentery; prolapse of the anus; uterine prolapse

Ecological environment

Cultivated in the hilly and low mountainous areas and the coasts of rivers and lakes.

Discussions

1. Elementary Zhang: Where the gas stabbing pain with Hovenia, depending on what meridian to lead the meridian medicine to guide. Breaking the stagnant gas also use Hovenia ciliata, high with it, but can damage the chest to the high gas, stop can be two or three services only.

2. Wang Hao Gu: Hovenia master high, Hovenia master down, high master gas, the lower master blood, so the shell of the main chest and diaphragm skin disease, the real main heart, abdomen, spleen and stomach disease, much the same. Zhu brachycephalic "living book" said that the treatment of plaque, it is appropriate to first use the orange terrier and hedgehog soup, not with this treatment of the heart under the plaque is also known to the wrong, the gas will be trapped into a plaque, so the first use of this, so that the plaque is not also, if has been plagued with this, it is out of place late, not only can not eliminate the plaque, the anti-impairment of the chest in the air, the first one of the word is also said.

3. "Compendium": Citrus aurantium, Citrus aurantium, odor and utility are the same, on the world also have no distinction, Wei, Jin, since the beginning of the sub-solid, the shell of the use. Jiegu Zhang's, Dongguan Li's, and sub-governance of high and lower said. Generally speaking, its function are able to benefit gas, gas under the phlegm asthma, gas line is plagued with inflation, gas through the pain stabbing stop, the gas is after heavy removal, so to the chest and diaphragm of Hovenia, Hovenia Lei gastrointestinal, but Zhang Zhongjing treatment of thoracic paralysis and plagued with Hovenia Lei as a key drug, the formula for the treatment of hemorrhoidal dysentery blood, intestinal secretion, after the acute, and Hovenia for the general purpose, Hovenia Lei is not the sole rule of the next, but Hovenia Lei is not the sole rule of the high also. Covering the door from the fly to the door of the spirit, all lungs, San Jiao connected, a gas only, then the two things can be divided, not divided also no harm. Du Nong Fang" in the thin tire drink, Zhang Jiegu "live method of the machine" to change the Hovenia pill daily service, so that the tire is thin and easy to birth, known as the bundle of tire pill. Kou Zongshuang "Diffraction" that the tire is strong, the child is powerful and easy to birth, so that the service Hovenia medicines, in turn, the powerless, and the child is also weak and difficult to raise the so-called shrinkage of the tire is easy to birth, big or not. In order to reason, Kou's words, it seems to feel for the best, or pre-fetal gas congestion should be used, the so-called eight, nine months of the fetus must be used Hovenia, Su terrier in order to smooth the gas, pre-fetal stagnation, there is no post-natal deficiency. If the gas endowment is weak, that is, it is not appropriate to carry on.

4. "Materia Medica Classic": Hovenia dulcis, the main odor, and Hovenia ciliata are roughly the same. But the shape of small, its gas full, the nature of the strong, so good under the reach; hedge hedge shell shape is large, its gas dispersion, the nature of the slow, so its line is a little late, is to be able to people in the chest, diaphragm, lungs, stomach and into the large intestine also. The main wind itching paralysis, joints, stop wind pain, cover the lungs of the skin and hair, the stomach is the main muscle, wind, cold and damp into the two meridians, the skin itching, or for pain, or numbness, this drug has a bitter leakage of the power of the Sinusoidal, but also can lead to all the wind medicine in the two viscera, and therefore for the treatment of the wind needed, the wind evil both dispersed, then the section of the natural flu carried forward. Its treatment of labor gas cough, back and shoulders boring tired, cover also refers to the wind and cold Yu in the upper Jiao, the lung gas stagnation and for boring cough. The scripture" said: lung bitter gas on the reverse, anxious to eat bitter to drain the, Hovenia citriodora flavor bitter, can drain to the high gas, so the Lord also. And lungs and the large intestine for the table, wind evil into the lungs, and into the large intestine, wind and heat and fight for intestinal wind blood, bitter and cold to drain the gas, then the blood heat clear and the wind since removed. Its main scattered stay knot phlegm in the chest and diaphragm, expel water, eliminate bloating and fullness, and stomach evidence, all the same with Hovenia, the first gas a little slow ear. Today, the world is used to treat women's fetal gas restlessness, or to eight, September for the easy delivery of the agent, often capitalize on the use, do not know that the woman is pregnant, all rely on the gas and blood to nourish the fetus, gas and blood is sufficient to the fetus from easy to produce, and pregnant women to eight, September, the spirit of drowsiness, limb weakness, dietary reductions, movement of the wheezing, why is not a weakness of the disease, and more with this dissipation of the drug?

5. "Materia Medica Siweiqi Records": Hovenia dulcis, is Hovenia ciliata's old and thin shell. Both the name of the Hovenia, to go to Rang nuclear use, shell, real ancient original not divided, sex with no little difference. If the treatment of chest and diaphragm plagued, Hovenia citta is less than Hovenia citta. Why is it like Hovenia ciliata to assist the orange peel and cinnamon stick of Xin Wen and light Yang, which is particularly useful. However, "this scripture" main wind in the skin such as mace bitter itch, in addition to cold and heat knot, but only to go to the core of the Rang of Hovenia for the appropriate. Cover the itch for the wind, cold and heat knot for paralysis, in the skin in addition to the wind paralysis, with Hovenia is easy to Li, difficult to compete with Hovenia husk can. This "evidence of class Materia Medica" spun by Hovenia Citrus shell main wind paralysis also.

Harvesting and storage

Late July to early August, the fruit is nearly ripe when picking, Dapei Pin immature fruit.

Resource Distribution

1. China's Yangtze River Basin and its southern provinces and regions are cultivated. Common cultivars are: Zhu Luan (small red orange), Berry head orange, Jiangjin sour orange and so on.

2. Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Fujian, Taiwan, Hubei, Hunan, Guangdong, Guangxi, Sichuan, Guizhou, Yunnan and other places.

Selection

①The treatment of five accumulation of six aggregates, regardless of men and women, young and old, but the gas accumulation, and all the treatment: Hovenia citriodora shells three pounds, go to the Rang, each into the BaDouJin a. The combined fixed za cooking, slow fire water, water and water. Combined with a tie to cook, slow fire water boil for a day, the soup is reduced and then heat the soup, do not use cold water, to be when the full juice to the end of the bazhou, slicing and drying, do not fry, for the end, vinegar paste pills, sycamore large. Each serving three, forty pills, with the disease soup to make. ("Secret experience formula") ② treatment of typhoid fever uh yelp: Hovenia half a two (go to Rang, bran fried yellow), wood incense a money. On the fine powder. One cent per serving, white soup. Unknown, and then with. ("This formula") (3) Shun Qi dysentery: licorice (roasted) six money, Citrus aurantium (fried) two two four money. On the fine powder. Each serving one money, empty heart whisk soup point to take. ("Infant and Child" wide intestinal Hovenia Sang) ④ treatment of distant years recently intestinal wind more than blood: Hovenia (burned into black ash depositary, for fine powder) five money, sheep shin charcoal (for fine powder) three money. And make even, with a rice drink, mix down, empty heart abdomen, and then served to see the effect. ("Bo Ji Fang" Wujin San) ⑤ Treatment of blood in the stool: Hovenia citriodora shells two money, three money of the flesh of the plums, Chuan Huanglian five points. *** research finely ground, before meals, boiling water, divided into two services. ("Qinghai Province Chinese medicine prescription compilation") ⑥ treatment of postpartum birth intestines do not collect: Hovenia citriodora two two. Remove the Rang decoction soup, warm immersion for a long time that is into. ("Experience") (7) the treatment of uterine prolapse: Hovenia Citrus shell five money, castor beans five money. Decoction of water to chicken soup service, twice a day. Or hedge hedge five money, one money ascending hemp. Water decoction. ("Herbal Medicine Herbal Compendium of simple prescription") ⑧ treatment of children due to shock gas vomiting convulsions, phlegm and saliva congestion, hand and foot switch ZHONG, squinting: Citrus aurantium dulcis (go to Rang, gluten fried), tempeh and other points. For the end, each serving a word, or even half a money, urgent alarm, mint natural juice, slow alarm, jingzhi soup into the wine three, five points down; day three services. ("Pediatric Pox and Rash Fang Lun" does not scare pill) ⑨ treatment of pediatric secret astringency: Citrus aurantium (simmering, remove Rang), licorice each one money. Decoction with water. (The whole young heart Jian) ⑩ treatment of rubella itching more than: Hovenia citriodora three two, bran fried slightly yellow, remove the pith for the end. Each serving of two money, out of time, water, one in a cup, decoction to six minutes, remove the dregs of the service. ("After Experience") (11) treatment of tooth pain: Citrus aurantium soaked in wine gargling. ("Sheng Hui Fang") (12) treatment of pediatric soft boils: a large hedgehog shell, remove the white, grinding the mouth flat, to paste wipe the edge, together with the boil, since the pus and blood out of the end, and no scars. ("World Medical get effective formula")

Taboo

Spleen and stomach weakness and pregnant women should be cautious.

1. Gao Li: It should not be taken by people with weak qi and blood.

2. Ben Cao Jing Shu: Lung qi is weak, avoid; spleen and stomach is weak, the middle qi does not transport the phlegm surging wheezing, avoid: coughing is not due to the wind and cold into the lungs qi congestion, served to be able to make a drama; coughing yin deficiency fire inflammation, served to the immediate danger; a general prenatal and postpartum, Xian should not be served.

3. "Materia Medica Huiyan": such as liver and kidney yin deficiency, blood loss Ying deficiency, coercive pain in the ribs, hasty use. Dysentery for a long time, the gas is weak and trapped, the more down the more down, the more after the heavy urgency, do not use.

4. "Materia Medica Prepara": pregnant women and people with gas deficiency should not be used.

Flora and fauna

1. Lime small evergreen tree. Branches three-angled, with long spines. Leaves alternate; petiole with narrowly oblong or narrowly obcordate leaf wings, 8-15mm long, 3-6mm wide; leaf blade leathery, obovate-elliptic or ovate-oblong, 3.5-10cm long, 1.5-5cm wide, apex short and obtuse, acuminate or slightly concave, base cuneate or rounded, entire or microribbonshaped, with translucent oil spots. Flowers solitary or several clustered in leaf axils and apices of current year branches, white, fragrant

; calyx cup-shaped, 5-lobed; petals 5, oblong; stamens more than 20; ovary superior, pistil shorter than stamens, stigma capitate. Citrus fruit subglobose, orange-yellow when ripe; flavor sour. Flowering April-May, fruiting June-November.

2. Sweet orange Small evergreen tree, 3-8 m high, crown rounded, much branched, glabrous, spiny or unarmed, young branches angular. Leaves alternate, single compound; petiole 0.6-2cm long, leaf wings narrow, 2-3mm wide, jointed at the tip; leaf blade thicker, elliptic or ovate-orbicular, 6-12cm long, 2.3-5.5cm wide, apex mucronate or acuminate, slightly concave, base broadly cuneate or rounded, undulate entire, or with inconspicuous undulate serration, with translucent oil gland spots. Flowers 1 to several clustered in leaf sap, white, stipitate; calyx 3-5-lobed, lobes triangular; petals 5, ligulate, ca. 1.5 cm, ca. 7 mm wide, revolute outward; stamens 19-28, filaments proximally joined into 5-12 bundles, pistil 1, ovary subglobose, 10-13-loculed, stigma capitate, style fine, not deciduous. Citrus fruit oblate or subglobose, 6-9 cm in diameter, orange-yellow or orange-red, pericarp thicker, not easy to peel, pith capsule 8-13, juice yellow, taste sweet. Seeds cuneate-ovate, surface smooth. The seeds are cuneate-ovate, smooth on the surface. The flowers bloom in April, and the fruit ripens in November-December.

Efficacy Classification

Regulating qi; eliminating food

Concoction

Hovenia dulcis: remove the flesh, nucleus, washed, slightly immersed, fished out, moistened and softened to the extent that it can be pinched and folded, cut into slices and dried. Fried Hovenia: take the bran withdrawn in a hot pan, Hou color yellow smoke, add Hovenia piece, fried to light yellow, remove, sieve off the bran, cool. (Every Hovenia Citriodora 100 pounds, with 10 pounds of bran)

Identification of raw herbs

Trait identification Fruit hemispherical, 3-5.5 cm in diameter. outer skin greenish brown or brown, slightly rough, scattered with numerous small oil dots, the center of the stylopodium scars or rounded petiole scars obvious. The pericarp is 0.6-1.2cm thick, yellowish-white, smooth, slightly turned outward, with vascular bundles scattered, with brownish-yellow oil dots l-2 columns at the edge. The texture is hard, not easy to break, the flesh capsule 7-12 petals, a few to 15 petals, the capsule juice cell dry shrinkage, brownish yellow or dark brown, texture is soft, hidden seeds. The central axis is firm, 5-9mm wide, yellowish white, with a circle of intermittent rings of vascular points. Aromatic, bitter, slightly acidic taste. To the outer pericarp color green-brown, thick flesh, hard, strong aroma is preferred.

Microscopic identification: transverse section of the pericarp: epidermal cells in 1 column, small, externally covered with cuticle, with stomata.

The thin-walled cell walls of the mesocarp are unevenly thickened, with large cell gaps, and some cells on the outer side contain square crystals of calcium oxalate, as long as 35 μm; the oil chambers are irregularly arranged into 1-2 columns, ovoid or oblong, with a radial length of 325-1560 μm, and a tangential length of 260-715 μm; the vascular bundles are scattered longitudinally and horizontally. The inner cells are mostly tangentially extended and closely arranged.

Powder Characteristics: gray-yellow. ①Pericarp epidermal cells are polygonal or irregularly rectangular, 7-20μm long; stomata are round-like, 17-27μm in diameter, with 5-8 paracarpal cells. (ii) Mesocarp cells of different shapes, with unevenly thickened walls, 7-17 μm thick (measured without heating). (iii) Calcium oxalate crystals rhomboid, rhombic or multifaceted, 6-35 μm long, mostly present below the epidermal layer and in the thin-walled tissue of the pith sac. (iv) Ducts and tubules mainly threaded, rare reticulated ducts, to 17 μm in diameter. (v) Flesh sac tissue yellowish or colorless, membranous, surface view of epidermal cells narrow, wrinkled, and interlaced with lower cells. ③Fragmentation of the oil chamber is visible.

Drug application identification

1. Raw gas sharp, frying force slowly.

2. Citrus aurantium and Citrus aurantium, this is a thing, the efficacy of similar, but Citrus aurantium is small, the nature of the bitter and fast, Citrus aurantium is large and slow, is the gas in the chest, with Citrus aurantium, gas in the chest, then use Citrus aurantium, gas stagnation with Citrus aurantium, gas solid with Citrus aurantium, the same with the difference.

Taste

Bitter; acid; cold

Chemical identification of traditional Chinese medicine

Physical and chemical identification (1) take 0.2g of powder, placed in a test tube with 5ml of ethanol, boiled in boiling water for 3min, take the supernatant, add hydrochloric acid 2 drops of powdered magnesium in appropriate quantities, and placed in a boiling bath heated for a few minutes, the solution is red. (Check flavonoids)

(2) Take 0.5g of powder, add 10ml of methanol, heat and reflux for 10min, filter. Take 1ml of filtrate, add potassium tetrahydroboron about 5mg, shake well, add several drops of hydrochloric acid, the solution shows cherry red to purple. (Check two red flavonoids)

(3) thin-layer chromatography take the powder 1g, add methanol 5ml, cold immersion for more than 48h, filtration, filtration wave for the test solution; another p-hydroxy forskolin (Sinfonium) as a control.

Separate points like the same silica gel G thin layer plate to chloroform-acetone-ethanol-ammonia (5:3

:1.5:0.5) unfolded 20cm. spray ninhydrin (ninhydrin 0.1g, dissolved in acetic acid 2.5ml and n-butanol 47.5ml), baked at 105 ℃ for 5min. test solution chromatography in the corresponding position with the control chromatography shows the same Red spot.

Commodity specifications First-class: cross-cut folio, flat round. Diameter of more than 3.5cm, meat thickness of more than 0.5cm. Surface greenish brown or brown, with granular protrusions. Cut surface

Yellowish white or light yellow, thick flesh, small flesh. The texture is hard. Bitter and sour flavor. Second grade: thin flesh. Diameter of 2.5cm or more, flesh thickness of 0.35cm or more, and the rest of the same class.

Chinese medicine pharmaceutical process

[Commodity specifications] Lime hedgehog can be divided into two grades. First class: diameter 3.5cm or more meat thickness of 5mm or more. Second grade: diameter of 2.5cm or more, flesh thickness of 3.5mm or more.

Medicinal Base Source

It is the unripe fruit of Citrus aurantium CiTCMLIBus aurantium L. and its cultivars in the family of Brassicaceae.

Use and dosage

Internally: decoction, 3-9g; or into pills, bulk. External use: appropriate amount, decoction of water to wash or fried hot iron.

Excerpts from Chinese Pharmacopoeia