Roof is the most important part of ancient architecture in China, belonging to "bricklayer" and the key part of facade decoration. Roof tiles of ancient buildings in China can be divided into two types in form: large and small. Large-scale tile sticking is characterized by decoration such as ridge tile and animal kiss, pipe tile riding seam, eaves dripping and edge sealing. The material can be glazed tile or blue tile. There is no animal kiss decoration on the ridge, and lace tiles are made on the eaves, mostly board tiles and blue tiles. Among the ancient buildings in Guangzhou, the ridge decoration of ancestral temple building is the most rich in Lingnan local characteristics. The roof of the ancestral hall is made of large glazed tiles, and the roof is generally decorated with pottery and plastic techniques. Its form is that the main ridge and the big ridge overlap and inherit the stone ridge, which is divided into three or five sections. There are about 1/3 in Shiling, Xi. The main buildings are decorated with dramas and mythological scenes, and the secondary buildings are decorated with the Eight Treasures of Buddhism and Taoism, the flowers and birds, and the three stars of Fu Lushou. The colors are rich, the modeling is layered and the warmth is rising. The roofs of ordinary houses are very small. The roof decoration of garden buildings is mainly elegant style, with the rolling shed roof being the most, and the ingot ridge type is adopted.

2. Gables

A gable is the side of a building facing the mountain. There are mainly six kinds: hanging mountain, hard mountain, a little, inclined mountain, house building and Peng Juan. The roofs of ancient buildings in Guangzhou are mainly in the form of hard mountains. Hard gables, called volcano sealing walls, are an important part of decoration and local characteristics. For example, the gable in Guangzhou has become a traditional symbol of the rich in Lingnan.

There are five kinds of hard peaks in Guangdong: gold, wood, water, fire and earth. There are three main forms in the Pearl River Delta: small residential gables (fire-fighting type); Large residential gable (gold style); Some large-scale houses or ancestral halls often adopt square-ear gables (earth style) [5]. Gable ridge, abundant wind and abundant thunder are the key parts of gable decoration. There are also large-scale and small-scale practices. In the grand style, the top of the Feng Bo is decorated with a glass hook, painted on the Feng Bo, and ceramic ornaments are installed on the ridge of the wall. For example, ancestral temples in Guangzhou often use this method. The gables of ancient buildings and garden buildings in Guangzhou mostly adopt small-scale methods. The ridge of the wall is clear water ridge, and the wind is bluish gray. In the wind, only white dragons are painted with grass patterns, and the style is elegant.

3. entrance

Among the types of ancient buildings in Guangzhou, the entrance decoration features of ancestral halls and folk houses are the most prominent. The entrance to the ancestral hall is composed of stone eaves columns, shrimp beams, drum-holding stones, drum-blowing platforms, black lacquer stone framed gates, stone kylins and other elements. These details and component features constitute a typical traditional symbol of Lingnan ancestral hall. The entrance to the residential building is relatively simple, but it has local characteristics, such as the convenient door and the low door installed outside the gate. The side door and stilt door are both wooden doors outside the door, which is called "side door" locally. They have the functions of ventilation and safety protection, and are specially made building components to adapt to the hot and rainy climate in Lingnan.