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A, good varieties
1, white shell: also known as the thin shell, is the Guangzhou farmers varieties for aquatic cultivation, but also can be direct seed harvesting. Plant height 45 centimeters, development degree 30 centimeters. Stem thick, transverse diameter 1.5 cm, white, internode length 4.5 cm, leaf ovate, 12 cm long, 8 cm wide, light green, base heart-shaped, leaf veins obvious. Petiole 13 cm long, white. Single plant weighs 18 grams. 60-70 days from sowing to harvest, 120 days for continuation of harvest, vigorous growth, less branching, heat-resistant. Less fiber, tender flesh, excellent quality.
2, silk water spinach: Guangzhou local varieties, also known as fine-leafed Tongcai. Land-based planting. Dwarf plant, plant height 30 centimeters, development degree 30 centimeters. Leaf blade is thin, short lanceolate, 15 cm long, 1-1.5 cm wide, leaf color dark green. Petiole 6.5 cm long, green. The stem is thin, 0.6 cm across, thick and stiff. Nodes dense, internodes 2.8 cm long. Resistant to cold, heat and wind. Crisp texture, strong flavor, very good quality. The sowing period is February-March, mainly planted in dry land. The yield is about 2500 kilograms per mu. It takes 50-60 days from planting to the first harvest, and the harvest period is from May to December.
3, Thai macaroni: live harvest-oriented, leaf blade narrow, short lanceolate, about 12 cm long, 4-6 cm wide, light green. Stem and leaf texture tender, strong branching ability, developed adventitious roots, fast growth. Long growing period, strong resistance to natural disasters such as high temperature, rain and flooding. It takes about 45 days from sowing to harvesting in spring, and only 25-30 days from sowing to harvesting in summer.
Second, the key to cultivation techniques
Guangdong Province, the cultivation of water spinach, there are four ways: live cultivation, paddy field cultivation, dryland cultivation and floating cultivation.
1, sowing and seedling: sowing in February-March, early spring temperatures are low, slow germination, cold and rainy, easy to macerate the seeds. Before sowing, use warm water to soak the seeds for 1 night, the next morning in the greenhouse at about 30 ℃ or insulation bucket, or kitchen germination. If the film cover seedlings, can be sown in late January, 15-20 kilograms of seed per mu, covered with crushed soil after sowing, and covered with straw to keep warm. Strengthen fertilizer management, keep the soil moist, sunny and warm days after the application of thin fertilizer. Film covered can be retained at the head and tail of the bed ventilation, fertilizer and then covered, when the seedling period of 1 month, the height of 15-18 cm can be uncovered between seedlings, retaining the row spacing of 6 cm, between the seedlings can be used as a field planting.
2, field management
(1) direct seeding cultivation: Starting in mid-February, choose sunny, warmer weather for the landing direct seeding, seed sowing after soaking and germination, seedling neat, rapid growth, 10-15 kilograms of seed per acre. Early cultivation after sowing available small arches insulation. Direct seeding can be used strip sowing, row spacing 10 ~ 15 cm, watering immediately after sowing, 5 days or so can be seedlings; can also be sown, to be 17 ~ 20 cm seedling height time to pull the harvest.
(2) dryland cultivation: must choose wet and fertile lowland live or planting. The use of planting, can be in the seedling height of 15-18 cm according to the 15 Χ 15 cm spacing planting. For seedling sites, the seedlings retained after interplanting are usually sown in January and harvested in early March; sown in February and harvested in April. After the main stem is harvested, pull out the densely packed heads and retain them at a spacing of 12Χ12 cm for dryland cultivation. Every 5-7 days fertilizer 1 time, often keep the soil surface moist. 15-20 days can be harvested once, the harvest period for the April-September.
(3) paddy cultivation: after late February, the weather began to warm, can be transplanted to the paddy, it is advisable to choose sunny, fertile, shallow mud field planting. Before moving the seedling even good field, lack of fertilizer field need to apply enough fertilizer, early planting of the row distance of 6 Χ 6 cm, transplanted in April row spacing of 12 Χ 12 cm. After the harvest of the main stem, in order to prevent overdensity, you can bury part of the head. Usually pay attention to timely fertilizer, pay attention to drainage and irrigation. Shallow irrigation of 3 cm high water when the temperature is low, and irrigation of 9 cm water when the temperature is high. Generally every 20 days to harvest 1 time, after July growth weakened, in order to improve the quality and yield, in recent years, more than the use of seed turning method, can extend the harvest period to October, for the needs of the autumn light, the whole period of 5000-6000 kilograms per mu can be produced.
(4) floating cultivation: generally in the dry land after harvesting the main stem, to be new growth of about 30 cm, that is, pulled up to plastic rope clamped with bamboo support, fixed around, floating in the paddy field, such as planting in the river seashore, morning and evening with the rising tide, can be used without fertilizer, in the pond cultivation of water change should be diligent, often fertilizer, every 15-20 days to harvest 1, the harvest period of May-September.
Three, pest control
The common pests and diseases that harm Tongcai are sudden collapse disease, whorl blotch disease, brown spot disease, and oblique nightshade moth, etc. The most common pests and diseases that harm Tongcai are sudden collapse disease, whorl blotch disease, brown spot disease, and oblique nightshade moth.
1, rotational spot disease
(1) pay attention to field cleanliness, the onset of heavy fields should be implemented after 1-2 years of crop rotation;
(2) the onset of the early spraying of 53% gold Leidomil dispersible granules 600 times. Or 72% metribuzin wettable powder 600-800 times liquid, 40% spray gram suspension 400-600 times liquid, 72% Prilosec water 600 times liquid, alternating, every 7-10 days, 2-3 times in a row. At the same time of controlling verticillium disease, it can be used to treat brown spot disease.
2, oblique moth
The pest is serious from July to November, and is an outbreak pest. The first hatching larvae grouped together to do harm, after the third age, afraid of light, drilling into the soil to scatter damage. Adults have a tendency to light, and like to eat sweet and sour substances. Prevention and control methods:
(1) use black light to trap adults, or mix sugar vinegar in chopped leaves, plus trichlorfon or dichlorvos 10 times liquid, spread in the evening to trap;
(2) timely removal of withered branches and rotten leaves, remove the egg masses and the first hatch of the larvae group;
(3) pharmaceutical control: sprinkle Lexiben granules, 2 to 3 pounds per acre, or sprayed to remove all the 1500-2000 times liquid, phoxim 1000 times liquid, 1000 times liquid, 1000 times liquid, 1000 times liquid, rice full 1500-2000 times liquid, in the evening, alternately, every 5-7 days, 2-3 times in a row.