Section II Human-derived Drugs \x0b
Section 3 Drugs of Animal Origin \x0b
Section 4 Drugs from Plants \x0b
Section 5 Drugs from Microbial Sources \x0b
Section 6 Marine Biological Drugs
Types of human-derived drugs
(1): products made from human blood components.
(ii): plasma products
(3): Active substances in human fluid cells.
(4): Other raw materials from human body.
(5): human cytokines
(6): human hormone \x0b
Types and uses of drugs of animal origin
Animal polypeptide drugs \x0b2: animal protein drugs \x0b3: animal enzymes and coenzymes drugs \x0b4: animal nucleotide drugs \x0b5: animal sugar drugs \x0b6: animal lipid drugs \x0b7: animal cytokines drugs.
Plant-derived drugs are the main source of Chinese herbal medicines in China, with 5,000 kinds recorded in detail.
1: classified by medicinal value.
2. Classification according to chemical structure
3. Plant proteins, peptides, enzymes and pharmacological effects.
4. Bioactive substances of plant sugar and their pharmacological effects
5. Bioactive substances and pharmacological effects of plant lipids \x0b
1) Anti-tumor drugs-camptothecin, colchicine, vinblastine sulfate, vincristine sulfate, indirubin. \x0b(2) Cardiotonic drugs-cucurbitacin, deacetyldigitalis glycoside, digitalis glycoside and digoxin. \x0b(3) Antibacterial and anti-inflammatory drugs-X0b(5) Analgesics-morphine hydrochloride, metoclopramide, tetrahydropalmatine and eucalyptus oil. \x0b(6) Drugs acting on nervous system-caffeine, cocaine hydrochloride, aconitine and gastrodin. \x0b(7) Drugs for malaria-salt ester quinine and artemisinin. \
Drugs of microbial origin
The preparation technology of microorganism-derived drugs belongs to the fields of fermentation engineering, enzyme engineering and genetic engineering pharmacy.
1: fermentation engineering -( 1) antibiotic production, (2) amino acid production, (3) vitamin production,
2. Enzyme engineering -( 1) production of various enzyme preparations, (2) production of enzyme inhibitors.
3. Genetic engineering-production of genetically modified drugs. See related chapters later for details.
Drugs from marine life
Algae are classified into 10, such as Chlorophyta, Phaeophyta, Cyanophyta and Rhodophyta. At present, sodium alginate and mannitol nicotinate have been produced for anti-tumor and cardiovascular diseases.
2. Coelenterates-Schisandrin A and terpenoids are extracted from gorgonian for antibacterial purposes. Polytoxin with anticancer effect has been isolated from Anemone.
3. Molluscs-There are 80,000 kinds of mollusks, such as snails, clams and squid. The substances separated from mollusks include polysaccharides, peptides, toxins, enzymes, coagulants and other substances, which have the functions of antivirus, antibacterial, anti-tumor, antihypertensive, hemostasis and antiasthmatic.
4. Arthropods-Chitin extracted from shrimp and crab shells can be used as pellet excipient, sustained-release drug carrier and medical membrane material. In addition, chitin also has antithrombotic effect.
Shark anticancer protein-anti-Lewis lung cancer
(2) Echinoderm anticancer peptide-anti-leukemia
(3) Mollusca anticancer peptide (Meretrix meretrix)-inhibiting non-viral tumors.
(4) Anti-cancer glycoprotein of sea fan inhibits sarcoma P 180 nodular tumor.
(5) Anti-cancer peptide from sea rabbit eggs inhibits P 180 lymphoblastic leukemia cells.
(6) Pulsatilla-inhibiting the growth of P388 lymphoblastic leukemia cells, K cells and B cells.
(7) Calcitonin-lowering blood calcium and phosphorus and inhibiting bone calcium loss.
(8) analgesia with sea snake toxin
(9) Anemone toxin-cardiotonic effect