Bruner, an American psychologist, said: "The best stimulus is interest in learning materials." Handmade materials for children

Can realize the conception and design. Different materials have different characteristics, different textures, different colors and

Different means of expression have different modeling requirements. Hand-made materials are various and can be divided according to the shape of materials.

It is plane material, linear material and block material. The so-called plane material is a material characterized by the change of length and width.

Such as all kinds of paper, cloth, board and carton. Linear material mainly refers to the change of material length, such as various lines, rods, wires, etc.

Wait a minute. Bulk materials refer to materials in a three-dimensional state, such as clay, gypsum, pulp, clay, etc. These materials don't

They exist independently or can be integrated with each other. The biggest obstacle to spatial thinking is thinking mode and thinking inertia.

Guide children to discover the unique properties of materials in the production process, and comprehensively transport various materials according to the characteristics of each material.

The works we create are rich and novel, which breaks the original thinking mode and can fully tap children's creativity.

Force and spatial imagination.

Handmade works at traditional street corners are rich in themes and various in handmade materials. Hard-working and simple people are based on

All kinds of artistic works featuring traditional festivals are very important to children's aesthetic ability and national cultural identity.

Meaning. There are two ways to educate children with traditional festivals in China as the manual teaching content.

Types: First, some traditional art forms are used for hand-made educational activities, such as paper-cutting. Paper-cut jar

Show every traditional festival in our country. During the Spring Festival, let children learn to cut window grilles, cut blessings and cut zodiac signs.

Dragon Boat Festival teaches children to cut their heads and Zhong Kui. On the Mid-Autumn Festival, children can be taught to cut chrysanthemums and jade rabbits.

Moon cakes, etc. The second is to use the unique art form to carry out manual education activities. Spring Festival is the oldest festival in China.

The Spring Festival is the largest and most lively traditional festival. After thousands of years of development, many excellent works of art have been produced.

Such as New Year pictures, Spring Festival couplets, shadow play, paper-cutting, dough figurines, masks, etc. Children are interested in these works of art,

Use these artworks for manual activities, such as pasting couplets, cutting window grilles, making paper firecrackers and so on. On the fifteenth day of the first month, Lantern Festival is a reunion festival. People eat glutinous rice balls and enjoy lanterns at midnight. Therefore, lanterns are works of art made during the Lantern Festival.

There are many kinds of lanterns, such as glass lanterns, paper lanterns, lanterns, palace lanterns and lanterns played by children. Around this theme.

Handmade activities of Lantern Festival, such as making lanterns and Yuanxiao. Children can be taught to make carnations on Mother's Day and Teacher's Day.

Children make greeting cards and so on. The materials of these handmade works are varied, which is not only conducive to integrating into the aesthetic taste of traditional folk customs.

Expand children's cultural vision by increasing knowledge, and improve their imagination, creativity, multi-directional thinking ability and practical ability.

Ability is also conducive to inheriting our traditional culture, enhancing our sense of identity and pride in our national culture and becoming a famous person.

China people with national feelings.

Waste materials are diverse, mainly referring to some plastic, textured and colorful materials in life.

And the shape characteristics of discarded articles. Every family will have a lot of waste materials, which are misplaced.

Our resources may be glittering gold in the eyes of designers and castles in the eyes of children.

Reuse of waste materials can not only exercise children's imagination, creativity and spatial thinking ability, but also protect their health.

The environment has contributed. There are many kinds of waste that can be used in life, mainly plastics (straws, beverage bottles, bottle caps,

Buttons, plastic boxes, CDs, etc. ), natural materials (leaves, seeds, stones, sand grains, eggshells, feathers, etc. ),

Metal materials (iron wire, cans, etc.). ). Comprehensive utilization of these materials can make various decorations, such as

Seed sticker, eggshell sticker, beverage bottle reconstruction, comprehensive material collage, etc.

There are many ways to convert waste. Such as (1) practical design. Re-engineering waste,

Let them have new functions, such as changing paper tubes into pen tubes, merging cartons into storage boxes, and waste woolen cloth.

Change toys, etc. (2) Redesign according to the original characteristics of the material. Think of discarded items as reprocessable.

Materials, using the characteristics of raw materials (color, texture, texture, etc.). ), break the understanding of raw materials and use your imagination.

Force, turn decay into magic, and gain benefits from it. For example, cans are transformed into cars, tables and chairs, flowers and so on. (3) Appearance

Change. The appearance of waste materials is changed by a certain manual process, and it is produced by coloring, pasting and crumpling.

A new visual form, such as changing the face of the cake plate and changing the buttons. Using these wastes as handmade materials,

It is of great significance for the generation of children's concepts and the development of spatial intelligence to make it play a role as a comprehensive material again.

Very helpful.

Second, the training of children's spatial intelligence teaching strategies

1. The combination of manual lessons and games

Children have a playful nature. They like doing things and playing games. Handmade works can be imperceptible.

Integrate education into games, let children learn knowledge in games, increase their knowledge in games and exercise their hands and brains.

Creative thinking ability, spatial imagination ability. For example, in a handicraft class called "Happy Masquerade",

I said to my classmates through games: "Today is a special festival, which is Children's Day.

Our class is going to hold a different fashion show, and all students must wear their own clothes to perform on stage.

Eye, I have prepared all kinds of materials for you, and you two will help each other with advice in groups of * * *, and we will.

Compare and see which group makes the most distinctive clothes. "As soon as the words fell, the students showed great interest in each other.

Cooperate with each other, and you discuss word by word. Some students said, "I want to make a beautiful flowered skirt out of newspapers."

A classmate said, "I want to make a beautiful scarf out of cloth." Another student said, "I want to make one out of cardboard."

Mask, perform my favorite pleasant goat. "Say that finish the students take the initiative to start, the problems in the classroom.

Students help each other solve problems. After the completion, students actively perform on stage. Some people wear masks of Tang Priest to ride horses and dance.

Some students sang in their own flowered skirts, and the atmosphere in the whole classroom was very active. Handmade in this form

Classroom teaching not only stimulates their practical interest, but also fully mobilizes their creative initiative.

The cultivation of creative thinking and spatial intelligence and the improvement of practical ability are of great help.

2. The combination of handicraft class and painting

Hand-painting is inseparable, and the completion of a hand-painted work is in their existing imaginary plane painting.

It's done. The combination of handwork and painting is neither like the pursuit of picture effect by simple painting nor like a simple manual class.

It is abstract and difficult to understand. The combination of handwork and painting, focusing on the fun of hands-on, is obtained by children in the process of origami and playing with mud.

Perception of object images helps them to draw objects better. For example, in a class called "Mountaineering"

In class, first let the students talk about their favorite games, such as gobang, checkers, angry birds and so on. , and visit.

The play explains the process of the game in detail, and draws the conclusion that a good game must have a game description, a circuit diagram, rewards and punishments.

Measures and decorations. Then, with the theme of "mountaineering games", imagine what dangers students will encounter in the process of mountaineering.

Danger, what treasures you get, draw your own mountaineering route map, and then paste all kinds of people, car signs, warnings and so on. On the road map, finally draw a beautiful decorative pattern and make a picture that students can enjoy.

Playable game screen. The combination of painting and handwork is interesting and changeable, which not only meets the children's hands-on needs.

Fun also allows them to creatively add pictures, enrich the picture effect and enrich the original lifeless paper.

Rich and colorful.

3. Give full play to the unique charm of appreciation class.

Art appreciation is one of the main forms of children's aesthetic activities, and its flexibility and intuition are to cultivate students.

One of the important links of innovation ability is also an important link to realize the social function of art. Cultivation of students' aesthetic ability in appreciation class

The improvement of strength, creativity and spatial intelligence has a far-reaching impact. Art appreciation class is a process in which students listen, watch and think.

And a complete appreciation class can not be separated from students' visual space intelligence. According to this feature, teachers can give full play to the role of appreciating teaching.

Learn the visual laws of middle school students, guide students to observe, experience, imagine and express with visual perception, and inspire students.

Students' interest in learning.

The appreciation class first needs to teach students "what to look at" and "how to look at it", and understand the points, lines and surfaces in the picture through appreciation.

And the application of color, picture layout, space arrangement, etc. After a preliminary appreciation of this painting, further guide students to appreciate this painting.

The meaning and connotation of the face, and then think about other meanings of the work by yourself. Guide students to understand and analyze works of art, and pass

Observation and comparison, from perceptual knowledge to rational knowledge, is the top priority of art appreciation teaching. Like enjoying animation.

The movie Snow White, the protagonist Snow White and the seven dwarfs, the vicious queen mother and the prince, these different shapes.

Elephants will have different impressions in children's minds, and guide children to give full play to their imagination and enjoy them boldly.

And exchange views with each other. After the appreciation, the students can also perform the story of Snow White, the teacher.

Give full play to the director's role, let students integrate into the works they appreciate, cooperate boldly, and give full play to the role of appreciation class.

Unique visual charm.

4. Provide necessary help and leave more imagination space for children.

Practice is the only criterion for testing truth and the only way for children to succeed. Practical ability refers to relying on action.

The ability to solve problems with hands and brains. Handmade creative activities cannot be separated from practice, and students will master it in the process of practice.

With certain knowledge and skills, you will encounter all kinds of difficulties. At this time, teachers should not help children solve them.

Never solve difficulties, but let them solve their own difficulties through guidance and inspiration. They let their thoughts through their own imagination

Beautiful fairy tales are all displayed by themselves. Although there will be many detours, mistakes and repairs, children

It is in this tempering that our spatial intelligence and creativity are stimulated. Make different shapes of hands with various materials.

Handicrafts can improve children's visual space intelligence, and their visual perception ability can be enriched and fully stimulated.

Get a good development. In a handicraft class, as long as the materials are enough to determine a certain theme and basic production methods, the rest of the time can allow children to design their own content and enrich the picture. In designing the lesson of "Little Paper Man Who Moves",

Paperboard, wool, bottle caps and other materials constitute the basic shape of the little paper man, but how to move and shape the hands and legs of the paper man?

The perfection of form is an important problem that students need to solve. After many explorations and studies, the students finally summed up their own hands and feet.

Little paper man who can move.

Third, the specific implementation of manual course teaching process

1. Adequate preparation before class is the prerequisite for a good manual class.

Adequate preparation before class is the premise of a good handicraft class. The pre-class preparation of handicraft class includes both the preparation of teachers

It also includes the preparation of students. The preparation of teachers includes the preparation of teachers' methods and skills, as well as the preparation of teaching materials and teaching AIDS. study

Preparation is mainly the preparation of materials. The teacher is not good at preparing lessons, so it is difficult to finish a manual class smoothly, so the teacher must

It is necessary to do a good job in advance, clarify the production steps and methods, and clarify the difficulties in the production process. Inadequate preparation of materials.

Points, manual class is difficult to complete. Before class, teachers should ask students to prepare materials in advance according to the content of this class, so that in class.

Handy. Preparation before class is not only for a class, but also for the development of children. "Grant?

It is better to teach people to fish than to teach them to fish. Good teaching is to teach students how to learn and teach a variety of production methods instead of one.

Learning content of a section itself.

2. Various forms of import

As the saying goes, "A good beginning is half the battle". Classroom lead-in plays an important role in the success of a handicraft class.

The key is that good classroom lead-in can fully attract students' attention, stimulate students' interest and creative desire,

Let students actively participate in the whole process of teaching.

(1) story introduction method

In children's world, stories are the "good medicine" for their learning and growth. What children like best is listening.

Story, no matter how noisy the classroom is, a story can make students quiet down. The story doesn't need to be long. Some stories

Wisdom can affect a child's life. Telling a story is not reading the text, the story should have suspense, and the teacher should tell the beginning and end well.

Let the students fully imagine and create the ending of the story by themselves.

(2) riddle introduction method

Solve riddles on the lanterns can exercise children's brain flexibility and stimulate students' interest. For example, making "exquisite stamps" can

In order to use riddle introduction. Show the riddle first in class: "a thin paper with fine teeth all around." Friends from both places want to talk,

It must be required to be a messenger. The answer is: stamps, which lead to the theme of exquisite stamps and let students exchange their knowledge and understanding of stamps.

(3) Multimedia import method

The use of multimedia makes children's understanding of the content more intuitive and comprehensive, and clearer than language description.

It is easier to arouse students' curiosity and improve their interest in learning. Multimedia import includes importing pictures, photos,

Audio, video, etc.

In addition, the ways of classroom import include suspense import, description import, observation import and reality import.

Practice introduction, error correction introduction, discussion introduction, performance introduction, imagination introduction, pictographic introduction and situation introduction.

Introduce methods, etc. These import methods do not exist in isolation. Teachers can use this or that lead-in method.

It is a good method to combine and use alternately, no matter what kind of introduction method, as long as it can harvest good classroom effect.

3. Explain, demonstrate and show carefully.

Explaining and demonstrating is an important part of students' classroom and the key to manual teaching. Teachers' explanations and demonstrations

It is the premise of students' production order, and the explanation needs to be simple and easy to understand, and the language is appropriate, in children's language.

Explain and break through the difficulties. Try to focus on the students during the presentation, so that each student can see the specific methods and steps.

The demonstration time should not be too long, and enough time should be left for students to finish their works. Children should play drums more during the production process.

Encourage them to create boldly and freely, and give full play to their creativity and imagination to complete different works.

Exhibition of works is also an important link to guide students' innovation. The exhibition of works is not only the exhibition of finished products, but also the packaging.

Including the display in the production process. Students can show the same difficulties in the process of making * * *.

Teachers can use teaching equipment to take pictures of students' dribs and drabs in the production process and make slides for students to watch.

Look at that. In the process of watching, guide students to watch and ask questions, and analyze and summarize the shortcomings of the works. about

The finished product display includes: wearing display, centralized display, etc. Wearing a monitor can satisfy children's love for beauty, such as:

A beautiful cardboard sun hat can make students walk on the catwalk. This encourages them to learn from each other.

Learning, * * * has made progress. Centralized display is to display students' works in a fixed place with the same theme.

Displaying different forms of works can make students enjoy a visual feast and enhance their self-confidence and sense of fulfillment.

Foot, cultivate students' creativity and communication skills.

4. Multi-angle expansion and extension

The ultimate goal of manual teaching is not to complete an excellent manual work, but to teach students some skills.

Yes, let students gradually develop the consciousness of beautifying life with hands and brains. There are many ways to express handmade classes.

At the end of the course, students should be allowed to go out of the classroom to create and develop their thinking, so that the handicraft class can be integrated with other disciplines.

Cultivate students' ability to use their brains flexibly and draw inferences from others. There are many ways to expand your mind. At the end of the class, enjoy something related to this class, so that you can express your skills.

The methods are richer, the decorative forms are more novel and more interesting, thus stimulating students to try to create after class and start to innovate.

Made the door of wisdom. For example, in the lesson "Little Paper Man Who Moves", small paper is decorated with colored paper, colored rope and bottle cap.

At the end of the course, guide students to appreciate small pieces of paper that show the images of frogs and transformers in other ways.

People, which not only expands students' thinking, but also stimulates students' desire to explore. Leave some questions for the students.

Thinking, teachers use inspiration and induction to let students continue to explore and extend after class, so that students can continue to explore knowledge.

Desire. For example, in the lesson of "Exquisite Oral Calendar", the teacher instructs students to make oral calendars with waste materials, and at the end of the class.

Leaving a question: What else can these wastes be designed for? So as to stimulate students to think more about waste.

The extension of handicraft course and other disciplines can promote the mutual connection and development of various disciplines. Such as "Ancient Poems with Pictures"

It is the integration of Chinese and fine arts. Students not only learn ancient poems, but also exercise their hands and brains in the production process.

Ability. Handicraft courses can be extended to all aspects of students' learning. It is also necessary to make handicraft classes to increase the fun of students' life.

An important purpose of art education. The extension of handicraft class needs teachers to dig constantly and give full play to their skills.

The unique charm of art makes every student become a skilled artist.

Fourth, establish a diversified manual teaching evaluation system.

1. Combine students' self-evaluation, mutual evaluation and teachers' evaluation.

Evaluation is the standard to show the merits of works and the necessary link of an excellent handicraft class. The traditional evaluation is

Single, teachers' comments on students' works are absolute authority, which affirms teachers' dominant position.

Without the participation of students, the reference range is narrow, which reduces the comprehensiveness and fairness of teaching evaluation. Teaching evaluation work

As a means of improving teaching to promote the self-development of teachers and students, students and teachers should participate in collective evaluation, learn from each other and learn from each other's strengths.

In short, let teachers and students make progress together.

Students' self-evaluation is to let them form the habit of reflection and the attitude of thinking. Students reflect on their own understanding.

The content is often much more memorable than what the teacher teaches, and students reflect on their learning process and achievements.

Price is not only conducive to improving the quality of art classes, but also to cultivating their creativity, imagination and language skills.

Expand your thinking. Mutual evaluation among students is helpful for students to get out of their own space and communicate better. They evaluate each other.

The content is often easier to understand, thus developing good social relations, learning from each other and enhancing friendship.

However, we should pay attention to the ways and means of evaluation in students' mutual evaluation, and cultivate students to evaluate others' learning with a kind appreciation.

Learning results, first see the strengths of the work, and then see the problems of the work. The combination of students' self-evaluation, mutual evaluation and teachers' evaluation has its own advantages. Teachers give full play to their wisdom and guide students to evaluate themselves first and then among students.

Mutual evaluation, and finally the teacher makes a summary evaluation, which can make the evaluation activities flexible and interesting, and make the teaching evaluation

Price has become a useful teaching activity.

2. Teaching process evaluation

The traditional manual course only pays attention to the evaluation of the results, but ignores the evaluation of the teaching process. Comments on children's handicraft class

Price is not only the final analysis and summary, but also the evaluation in the teaching process. In the process of teaching

Finding the advantages of the work in time and encouraging and praising it can stimulate the inspiration of the students who make the work, and

Increase production in time. Evaluating the shortcomings of some students' works in the teaching process can make other students less.

Take less detours and spend more time creating.

Portfolio evaluation

There are many types of portfolio evaluation, including display portfolio, document portfolio and process portfolio.

Collection of sexual works. The display combination is selected by students and controlled by teachers.

Less, the main users are students, and the evaluation and reflection on their own works cannot be provided.

The continuous information of students' growth and progress, but teachers can explore students' learning methods from a new angle. list files of type

Portfolio is a record of students' learning in a period of time, which is observed, recorded and interviewed by teachers.

Teachers and parents are the main users to help parents better understand learning.

All aspects of growth information. Process portfolio refers to students' records of the production process of the work itself and the finished product.

Reflection, this evaluation method pays more attention to students' learning process.

Portfolio evaluation is a long-term evaluation of students' growth process, recording their growth trajectory, and portfolio

It is a collection of students' achievements, mainly including students' works, learning experience, group evaluation and reflection. Handicraft course and its application

His subjects are different, some of them are three-dimensional works, which are not conducive to centralized collection and preservation, but they can be sorted and preserved in the form of photos.

Save.