1 Problems needing attention in cultivating Taxus chinensis
1. 1 winter protection
In the process of planting yew, we must pay attention to some cultivation matters to ensure the survival rate of yew. First of all, seedlings germinate in the Spring Festival, which is easily affected by the external environment temperature, leading to frostbite of seedlings. Therefore, it is very important to carry out anti-freezing and heat preservation of seedlings in spring. After the end of the cold wave in spring, it is necessary to strengthen the fattening management of Taxus seedlings and improve the growth rate of seedlings.
1.2 temperature control
Taxus is a shade-loving and moisture-loving plant, but it is necessary to strengthen the control of temperature and humidity of seedlings during seed planting and sowing to prevent root rot of seedlings. In addition, when sowing seedlings in rainy season, we should increase the application of flood control measures to improve the survival rate.
1.3 high temperature control
With the temperature rising in summer, when the temperature exceeds 28℃, it is necessary to appropriately increase the number of times of watering the seedlings of Taxus chinensis, but to master the amount of watering to ensure the water needed for the growth of seedlings and prevent the occurrence of root rot.
2 Seed collection and processing
2. 1 seed collection
First of all, the fruit of Taxus chinensis is harvested every autumn, and the tree species that raise seedlings in spring are reserved for the planting of Taxus chinensis. Therefore, in order to prevent the fruit from rotting, it is necessary to add a small amount of plant ash and fine sand, and then rub it on the cement floor to help it remove the red aril and pulp on the surface.
2.2 Sand storage of seeds
When the collected seeds are processed, they need to be stored in sand to ensure that the seeds will not rot. First, select 0.5% potassium permanganate solution to soak the reserved seeds, then rinse them with clear water, then mix them with wet sand according to the ratio of 1∶3, then put these mixed trees into woven bags, then choose a leeward drainage position to dig a deep pit, then lay waterproof bricks on the bottom of the ditch, and bury the collected soaked trees deeply. In the process of burial, it is necessary to put a plastic pipe into the woven bag. In addition, check tree species regularly to prevent mildew.
2.3 Seed germination
In the second year, before the sowing date 15 days, the seeds in the sand storage were taken out, soaked with 0.5% potassium permanganate, washed with clean water, and placed in an environment at room temperature of 20℃ to accelerate the germination of tree species. In the whole germination process, it is necessary to strengthen the turning of tree species to ensure that the ventilation and humidity of the germination environment are within the normal range, and sowing can not be carried out until the seeds are cracked and exposed.
3. Prepare the soil and make a bed
3. 1 Garden selection and fertilization
In the seeding stage of Taxus chinensis seeds, the nursery should be selected scientifically to ensure that the drainage, nutrition and soil quality can meet the needs of reproduction. Therefore, after selecting the breeding land, it is necessary to carry out deep ploughing and fertilization to provide nutrition for the planted tree species.
3.2 make the bed
When preparing the soil, it is necessary to divide the soil on the soil layer into nursery land with a width of 1.2m, a height of 20cm and a width of 0.4m, and reinforce it around the ridge to ensure the normal watering in the later period.
3.3 sowing
There are two sowing methods for Taxus chinensis seed seedling. Scatter the seeds evenly on the ground first, and then cover them with some humus, which belongs to sowing. But by ditching and then sowing in the ditch, it belongs to drilling wells. After the planting of Taxus species is completed, it is necessary to build a sunshade for it to ensure transparency and better control the external temperature.
4 seedling management
4. 1 seedling emergence date
Under the influence of the external environment, the seedlings of Taxus chinensis will be slowly unearthed, and after the two cotyledons are unearthed, they will gradually expand into real leaves, and after the lateral roots grow underground, the seedlings can obtain nutrition independently. At this time, we must pay attention to the seedlings of yew. First of all, we should help some seedlings that cannot be unearthed independently to break the ground, and then block the seedlings from the sun to prevent them from dying in direct sunlight. Moreover, the buds of Taxus chinensis grow in an arch shape, so when there is drought or hardening after rain, water should be sprayed in time to loosen the soil to prevent the seedlings from dying in a large area.
4.2 Early growth stage
When the seedlings of Taxus begin to absorb nutrients independently, their growth speed will be greatly accelerated, which belongs to the early stage of seedling growth. Because the seedlings are very young at this time, the growth rate of seedlings is slow, but the lateral roots grow faster. Therefore, it is necessary to prevent problems such as drought, high temperature or diseases and pests, so as to protect the healthy development of the root system of Taxus seedlings. In order to improve the disease resistance of seedlings, carbendazim or thiophanate-methyl can be sprayed in a proper proportion for disease control.
4.3 Rapid growth period
Every year in May-June and early August, when the seedlings of Taxus chinensis grow vigorously, it is necessary to strengthen the management of the seedlings of Taxus chinensis to ensure the demand for various water and fertilizers during the growth process, and water the seedlings regularly to ensure the stability of growth nutrients such as fertilizers. And strengthen weeding and loosening the soil around the seedlings, rationally use various fertilizers, and promote the rapid growth of Taxus seedlings.
4.4 Late growth stage
Every year in late August, Taxus trees will stop growing and slowly enter the dormant period, which also belongs to the seedling hardening period of Taxus seedlings. With the arrival of the hardening period, the seedlings began to produce terminal buds, the water content in the seedlings decreased continuously, and various nutrients began to change into storage state. At this time, the drought resistance and low temperature resistance of seedlings were strengthened. Therefore, in the management of young yew trees, fertilization should be stopped and measures should be taken to prevent cold and winter.
Prevention and control of common diseases and insect pests of Taxus chinensis
It is very important to control some common diseases and insect pests in the process of seed seedling raising of Taxus chinensis, which is one of the important guarantees to ensure the survival rate of seed seedling raising. First of all, the prevention and treatment of aphid disease is one of the common diseases of Taxus chinensis. If you choose to raise seedlings in a greenhouse, the temperature in the greenhouse must be controlled above 65438 08℃. Generally, the aphid disease of Taxus chinensis does not occur in winter, but when the outdoor temperature does not exceed 38℃ in summer, the seedlings of Taxus chinensis in the greenhouse have begun to breed aphids. The occurrence characteristics of aphids in greenhouse are mainly parthenogenesis, while annual reproduction in greenhouse is accompanied by generation overlap. 10% imidacloprid emulsion is generally used to control aphid diseases of Taxus seedlings in seedbeds. This method has a very good control effect and can effectively control aphids. Secondly, for the prevention and control of plant diseases and insect pests after sowing, scientific treatment methods should be selected according to the actual situation, and various diseases and insect pests of planted Taxus seedlings should be comprehensively controlled to improve the survival rate of seedlings.
To sum up, because Taxus chinensis is a very rare seedling tree species, in the process of seedling raising of Taxus chinensis seeds, our growers must master the seedling raising technology of Taxus chinensis seeds and pay more attention to the matters needing attention in the seedling raising process, so as to ensure the survival rate of Taxus chinensis seedlings and the stable development of social, economic and ecological benefits.