Prevention:
1) can quickly stop the inflammatory process (anti-inflammatory, soothing and calming) and greatly reduce the occurrence of PIH. You can relieve inflammation by taking large doses of vitamins C and B, drinking green tea, and using licorice and purslane as masks, and seek the help of a doctor if necessary; If you have an infection, you must deal with it as soon as possible (please seek the help of a doctor);
2) Pay attention to avoid friction after inflammation and strictly protect yourself from the sun;
3) Fresh and red acne marks can be treated with a cataplasm mask, applied to the face before going to bed, and removed after getting up. The index left by individual acne can be cut into small pieces and pasted on it, which can dilute the red color and prevent melanin from increasing, and the effect is good.
Key Tip: If the skin is in the inflammatory stage and is severely inflamed, medical cosmetic surgery such as laser and dermabrasion should be avoided, and PIH is likely to appear. Prevention should be done first to restore the skin to normal, and then seek the help of a doctor.
Treatment: Once PIH turns brown, it will take 2 years or more to fade naturally, provided that strict attention is paid to sun protection here. Otherwise, it cannot be improved.
Brown PIH can be quickly treated by medical cosmetic surgery such as fruit acid peeling, peeling and laser (the above methods should prevent PIH from happening again after treatment, please seek the help of a doctor); You can also use whitening products with strict sun protection to accelerate fading, which has certain effects.
4. Seborrheic keratosis (senile plaque/longevity plaque, seborrheic keratosis /SK)
Also known as senile plaque or longevity plaque, it will be regarded as a symbol of longevity-actually a symbol of aging.
Features: If middle-aged women/men do not pay attention to maintenance, there will be faint traces around the age of 40, and the surface will be light brown and smooth at first; With the increase of age, the color becomes deeper and thicker, protruding from the skin surface. Usually the most selected part is the temple, and then it is distributed on the cheeks, the back of the hand and the back of the arm. The diameter is generally around 1cm, and it is generally not contiguous. exist
This is a pathological change of stratum corneum, and the biggest inducement may be sun exposure (not one of them), which is characterized by severe thickening of stratum corneum and high activity of melanocytes.
Prevention: strict sun protection and use whitening products.
Treatment: In the early light, after paying attention to sunscreen and whitening products, the development process can be delayed; Fruit acid can be used to accelerate its shedding. When it protrudes from the skin surface and the color is dark, it needs to be treated by medical beauty means, such as laser, microcrystalline peeling, fruit acid skin replacement, and even direct peeling with a scalpel. Once disposed of, as long as you pay attention to protection, it will rarely recur.
Special note: Medical cosmetic surgery should be operated by regular dermatologists and professional dermatologists. Don't throw it yourself
5, chloasma (Mela *** a)
Chloasma is called "the king of spots", and it is a kind of colored skin, especially for Asians, which is not common for whites (black people may not see it even if it happens). Some data show that about 70% postpartum women will have chloasma.
Features: Chloasma is a large area with symmetrical distribution, ranging from tan, chestnut to brown, with irregular edges and aggravated sunlight, but sunlight is definitely not the cause. Chloasma is non-hereditary, and the cause of its occurrence is not clear, but it is gradually approaching the truth.
Professor Zhang Hailong of Xijing Hospital (@ Xijing Zhang Hailong) proposed the relationship between inflammation and chloasma. Professor Li He's further research found that chloasma is closely related to barrier injury. Chloasma is caused by barrier injury and inflammation, which promotes the activity of melanocytes. The blood vessel wall is fragile and ruptured, leading to the death of red blood cells, and hemosiderin aggravates pigmentation. He Laoshi put forward the classification of vascular type, pigmented type and mixed type, creatively put forward the slide examination method, and gave anti-inflammatory, melanin reduction and laser treatment according to the examination results.
Professor Zhou Guoyu's team from Shanghai Ninth Hospital replaced the widely used small-dose large spot therapy with small-dose small spot therapy, which significantly reduced the recurrence rate. It is worth mentioning that after several small doses of small spot treatment, a certain degree of pigment aggravation will be induced at first, and it will gradually fade until it is eliminated after continuous treatment, and it will achieve very good results after two years.
Prevention: sunscreen, protect skin barrier, avoid excessive cleaning and rubbing skin, supplement antioxidants such as vitamin C, B, glutathione and dipotassium glycyrrhizinate for anti-inflammation, and reduce vasodilation with tranexamic acid. Personally, it is also meaningful to supplement collagen to enhance vascular elasticity for prevention. * * * Skin care products should be avoided.
Treatment: According to Professor Li He's theory, simply put:
■ If it is only melanin problem, it can be quickly solved by laser, and then pay attention to laser postoperative repair to avoid PIH, and the effect is better;
■ If it is vascular, it can be eliminated by anti-inflammatory treatment;
■ If blood vessels and pigments are mixed, first of all, it is necessary to diminish inflammation, stabilize skin and restore barriers. After the blood vessels are normal, the melanin is treated with laser. This is consistent with the idea that Mr. Maehara first recommended tranexamic acid (tranexamic acid, coagulation acid) as a conservative treatment, but it is of great significance to make a deeper explanation from the mechanism.
Prior to this, chloasma was considered as a forbidden area for laser treatment, mostly because when inflammation still occurs, blood vessels dilate and inflammatory factors are active. After laser treatment, the pigment disappeared, but the inflammation increased, and soon pigmentation appeared again. After precise shaping and segmentation, these problems can be greatly avoided.
6. Coffee point
Characteristics: the incidence of coffee in normal people is about 10~20%, just like the color of milk and coffee mixed together, so it is called coffee spot.
Reason: This is a genetic problem, and the reason is still unclear. Babies will appear at birth, which can occur in any part (mainly unexposed parts), ranging in size from a few millimeters to dozens of centimeters, with clear boundaries and uniform colors. Histopathological studies showed that melanocytes and melanin mainly increased in the basal layer of epidermis. When the diameter >; When the number of 1.5cm exceeds 6, neurofibroma type I may be combined, and dermal fibroblasts may be involved in its formation. Different from freckles, freckles mostly occur on the face, with a large number and small volume.
Treatment: laser. But the recurrence rate is high.
7. nevus of OTA
Reason: During the development of the fetus, melanocytes "deviate from their positions" and gather in pieces along the nerve (because melanocytes originated from nerve cells), forming blue spots, which are more common in one side of the face and temples around the eyes (as shown in the following figure before and after treatment).
Prevention: There is no way at present.
Treatment: laser treatment, the effect is very good. Skin care products are ineffective.
9. spy
Description: Also known as cell nevus, it can be found anywhere with smooth surface and slow development. There are various types, such as borderline nevus, mixed mole, intradermal nevus and so on. , generally do not need treatment, rarely malignant transformation. If it is treated, it is recommended to do pathological examination first and surgical resection is the first choice. If the laser treatment is not clean, it may stimulate melanocytes and form irritating moles.
Prevention: There is no effective method. Pay attention to sun protection to prevent aggravation.
Common risks of freckle removal
1, mercury
Mercuric chloride is a common banned whitening ingredient, which has melanocyte toxicity and may cause many adverse consequences such as depigmentation (similar to vitiligo), neurotoxicity, kidney injury, exogenous brownish yellow disease, skin injury, sensitivity and so on. High incidence areas are freckle products with unknown sources, so when buying freckle products, we must pay attention to their sources.
2. Hormones
Some irregular freckle removing products may add glucocorticoid, which will cause pigmentation, barrier damage, skin sensitivity, hormone-dependent dermatitis and so on after long-term use. The way to identify this kind of products is: if the skin becomes tender within a few days after use, the skin will feel uncomfortable after stopping using it, and will feel comfortable after continuing using it (so-called "dependence"), then the skin will become thin, transparent and red, and the skin will be dry, peeling, chapped and itchy after stopping using it.
3. Improper laser surgery
As mentioned above, different causes, different nature and distribution sites, inflammation, etc. Different places may form taboos. It is very important to pay special attention to the situation of skin inflammation during the treatment, and to treat it separately from other mixed spots step by step. At this time, it is very important to evaluate with Visia. The improper use of laser may lead to lasting PIH and melanocyte stimulation. Please choose professional medical laser cosmetology institutions and doctors for treatment.
abstract
Speckle is a complex skin problem, and its cause has not been clearly studied. There are many kinds of them, and the treatment methods are different. This is why people often ask me, "What should I do if I get old and get wet with spots on my face?" I find it difficult to answer.
Because of the particularity of the stain, in most cases, the effect of topical freckle removing products is not obvious, and laser, surgical resection, skin change and intense pulsed light are needed. According to the type and position of each stain, there are many stresses on choosing laser type, energy, wavelength, spot size and operation method. Some can be completely treated, such as various moles and ADM, and some are easy to relapse, such as freckles.
However, no matter what method is used to remove or alleviate the stain, we should pay attention to sun protection and external whitening products to prevent or delay the recurrence of the stain.
(Excerpted from Faber, Qiu and Medical Beauty Information Network)
Fabo, Qiu, medical beauty