Chives planting process:
A, seed selection and sowing
1, seed selection
Select the local small-leafed leek varieties that are resistant to diseases and pests, cold, heat, strong planting power, good appearance and inner quality.
2. Sowing
(1) Sowing method: seedling transplanting.
(2) Sowing period. Spring sowing is usually in mid-March, summer sowing in late April. Fall sowing in late August to mid-September.
(3) seeding amount. Each 667 square meters with 4 to 6 kg of seed.
(4) Seed treatment. Available dry seed direct seeding (spring sowing mainly), can also be used to 40 ℃ warm water soak seeds for 12 h, remove the chaff and impurities. Wash the mucus on the seeds and then germinate (autumn sowing mainly).
(5) germination. The soaked seeds wrapped in a wet cloth placed in 16 ℃ ~ 20 ℃ under the conditions of germination, rinse with water 1 ~ 2 times a day, 60% of the seeds can be sown with white tips.
(6) Fertilization. Before sowing the need to plow the land, combined with fertilization, fine harrowing after plowing, leveling and making beds. Base fertilizer varieties to high-quality organic fertilizer, commonly used fertilizer, compound fertilizer, etc., in the medium fertility conditions, combined with the ground 667 square meters per 667 square meters of high-quality organic fertilizer sprinkled 6,000 kg, 6.6 kg of urea, 60 kg of calcium superphosphate, deep tilling into the soil.
(7) Sowing. The ditch (bed), step once, along the ditch (bed) watering, water seepage, will be germinated seeds mixed 2 ~ 3 times sand (or sifted ash) scattered in the ditch, bed, mu sowing 4 ~ 6 kg of seeds, covered with sifted fine soil 1.6 ~ 2 cm. Immediately after the sowing of mulch or straw cover, 70% of the top of the seedling soil when the bed cover is withdrawn.
Second, after sowing field management
1, fertilizer management: 2 ~ 3 d before the emergence of seedlings need to be watered once, to keep the soil surface moist. From seedling to seedling height of 16 cm, 7 d or so watering a small water, combined with watering every 667 ㎡ urea 6.6 kg. high humidity rainy season drainage flood prevention. After the autumn, combined with watering fertilizer 2 times, each time every 667 m2 of urea 8.7 kg. planting generally not harvested before, to promote strong seedling root. When the weather turns cool, watering should be stopped and frozen water should be poured once before freezing.
2, weed control: pull weeds 2 to 3 times in a timely manner after seedling emergence, or the use of quinquefolium, gaiacol, and other herbicides to prevent and eliminate monocotyledonous weeds.
Three, planting and management
1, planting time: spring sowing seedlings, should be planted after the summer solstice; summer sowing seedlings, should be planted before and after the summer, in order to avoid the high temperature and rainy July and August; fall sowing seedlings, should be planted before and after the next year's Ching Ming. The planting period should be staggered to avoid the high temperature and high humidity season, so it is not conducive to the slow growth of leek seedlings after planting.
2, planting method: leek seedlings up, cut off the apex of the fibrous roots, stay 2 ~ 3 cm, to promote the development of new roots. Then cut off a section of the leaf apex to reduce foliar evaporation and maintain the balance between root absorption and foliar evaporation. In the border according to the row spacing 18 ~ 20 cm, hole spacing 10 cm, each hole planted seedlings 8 ~ 10, suitable for the production of green leeks; or according to the row spacing 30 ~ 36 cm ditch, ditch depth 16 ~ 20 cm, hole spacing 16 cm, each hole planted seedlings 20 ~ 30, suitable for the production of softened leeks, the depth of cultivation in order not to bury tiller nodes appropriate.
3, water management: after planting even watering two, timely hoeing 2 ~ 3 squatting seedlings, after which the soil should be maintained in a dry and wet state, into the rainy season should be timely flooding, when the maximum temperature drops below 12 ℃, reduce watering, keep the soil surface is not dry can be, the soil should be poured before freezing water freezing.
4, fertilization management: fertilization should be based on the growth, weather, soil dryness and humidity, to take the principle of light, diligent application. Seedling height of 35 cm or less, per 667 ㎡ 10% to 20% rotted manure 500 kg; seedling height of 35 cm or more, 667 ㎡ 30% rotted manure 800 kg, plus urea 5 to 10 kg, or plus compound fertilizer 5 kg, the weather should be increased by a factor of dilution of drought.
Four, soften the leek
1, soil cut green: soil is the main measure to soften the stalk, generally divided into two times: in the seedling height of 50 cm for the first soil; about 10 d or so, cut off the upper part of the green leek, and then the second soil. Before and after the soil cultivation requirements in 20 cm thick. Cultivate the soil need to be applied first composite fertilizer, and then splash water 10% of human urine.
2, cover the shade: cut the green, on top of the leek covered with shade, so that it is impervious to sunlight, for softening.
4, timely harvest: when the leek grows to about 40 to 50 cm high timely harvest.
5, pest control
1, the main pests and diseases: insect pests to leek maggots, leaf miner flies mainly; disease to gray mold, epidemic, downy mildew and so on.
2, physical control. Sugar and wine liquid baiting: sugar, vinegar, wine, water and 90% trichlorfon crystals 3:3:3:10:0.6 ratio of solution, per 667 ㎡ placed 1 ~ 3 pots, add at any time, keep it dry, baiting seed fly pests.
3, pharmaceutical control. Epidemics: 68% methomyl-manganese zinc wettable powder, 120 g per 667 square meters, 500 times liquid 7 d spray.
Expanded Information:
1, leeks are also known as "leek buds", "yellow leek buds", "yellow leeks", commonly known as "leek white", for leeks by softening the cultivation of yellow products. Chives isolated from light, completely in the dark growth, due to the lack of sunlight supply, can not photosynthesis, the synthesis of chlorophyll, will become yellow, called "leek yellow".
2, because of the lack of sunlight and yellowish white, its nutritional value is inferior to leeks. Belongs to the lily perennial herbaceous plants, to seeds and leaves and other medicines. With stomach, refreshing, stop sweating and astringent, tonifying the kidney to help Yang, essence and other effects.
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