Miao Runfu, a famous poet in Shenyang in the late Qing Dynasty, wrote a poem about the Spring Festival in front of the Apocalypse Temple in Bai Yong, published in the early years of Guangxu:
Another spring in Gou Mang,
Green shoes are busy watching spring people.
The farmer's family has a special desire for love.
Don't look at Yingchun, look at biting Spring.
Tianqimiao Niu tou ma mian statue
The poet also wrote: "The day before the spring, local officials set up a colorful shed in front of Tianqi Temple, which contained the gods of spring, and also served as Yin Jingzhao (Feng Tianfu) as a special envoy to celebrate the Spring Festival. There are a sea of people selling dementia. I am also used to setting a spring day and biting a radish is called biting spring. " Prior to this, in the 12th year of Tongzhi in Qing Dynasty (1873), Liu Shiying published a book "A Brief Introduction to the Capital", which contained a poem about Tianqi Temple Fair:
Dongyue Tianqi, between March.
Country town, gathering in Dongguan.
Tianqi Temple, also known as Dongyue Temple, is located in the north of the outer street of Zhimen (Xiaodongbianmen) in Shengjing ancient city, with a large scale and strict system. Tianqi Temple is a magnificent architectural complex consisting of many temples, pavilions, buildings and platforms, such as the mountain gate, the Tianwang Temple, the second floor of the bell and drum, the first four halls of Chiang Kai-shek, the East-West Parallel Hall, the Dizang Pavilion and the Zen Hall, covering an area of 13852.5 square meters.
"Shenyang County Records" has been published for ten years: "Tianqi Temple was built by Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty (BC 140-88 BC), and the inscription still exists in the city." "Shenyang County Records" was published for thirteen years: "Han Ping Emperor was founded (AD 1-5)." Although there are many differences between the two statements, it is certain that the Tianqi Temple in Shenyang existed in the Han Dynasty. The Apocalypse Temple was originally located at the Dadong side gate. In the 12th year of Emperor Kangxi of Qing Dynasty (1673), he moved to the north of Xiaodongbianmenli Street and rebuilt it in imitation of its original appearance.
The Apocalypse Temple has the East House and the Westinghouse. The west courtyard is a temple with three courtyards, and the east courtyard is a meditation hall.
There are two tall flagpoles with stones outside the mountain gate, which can be seen from a distance. According to legend, it was given by Zhang Shouyi (also known as Wang Yajun), Zhang's fifth aunt in the early years of the Republic of China. Face to face are two tall red painted mountain gates, and there is a gold plaque hanging directly above the mountain gate, which reads the words "Five Mountains are the only ones". On both sides of Sancha Mountain Gate, there are high walls made of square stone pillars, and on both sides of the gate, there are two side doors.
Entering the mountain gate, there are four heavenly kings sitting high in the east and west hatchbacks. The statues of the four heavenly kings are all one foot and two feet high. They each hold a weapon, including an umbrella, an iron ring, a whip and a pipa. The four heavenly kings are Mo Li Qing, the growth king of the south, Molihong, the big-eyed king of the west, Mo Lihai, the legendary king of the north, and Mo Lishou, the king of the east. They are responsible for the good weather. According to legend, they were all generals in the Shang and Zhou Dynasties, and now they are the door officials of Emperor Dongyue. The statues of the four heavenly kings are all blue-faced and fangs, and they all look fierce. Tourists are afraid to look up when they come.
After entering the mountain gate, it gradually rises from the mountain gate to the back hall. First it's a tunnel, and then it's empty after a few steps. There are two tall buildings on the east and west sides, which are the second floor of the Bell and Drum Tower. There is a ladder in front of the building to climb up, but it is blocked. There are many bells hanging on the eaves in the four corners of the building. When the breeze blows, they tinkle, and when the wind blows, the bells keep ringing. Ancient temples and palaces were equipped with this kind of clock, named "Fengpei", which is an instrument for measuring wind power. When the wind is strong, it is forbidden to burn incense to prevent fire. "Feng Pei" can also prevent birds from dropping bird droppings on the roof, which is disrespectful to the gods.
Then there is the front hall, Niumatang, where there are horses' heads and horses' faces, and the people standing there are holding spears and other weapons. There are two lyrics in the old drum book-"On the fifteenth day of the first month, the temple gate opens and the horses line up on both sides", which is what it says. Together with Niumatang, there are the Ministry of Good and Evil and the Ministry of Supervision, which are the yamen of the underworld. There is a statue of a ghost pawn holding a wooden sign that says, "You can come and want to take you." There are also "Tugu Temple" and "Express Temple". Tugu Temple, also known as the land temple, used to report to the land god in Tianqi Temple and local land temple three days after death. Also known as the newspaper temple, commonly known as "send three." Behind the second floor of the bell and drum, there is a clearing where paper money, paper carts, boats, cows and horses were burned for the dead at that time.
In the middle hall, there are two generals, huh? They rode a monster in the shape of a lion with horns on its head. The second general is ugly, with a nostril as big as a bowl, and his nose will hum like a bell and emit two white lights; A mouth is as big as a washbasin, and a yellow gas comes out of it, so it is called "Hum-Ha" two generals. Those voted by Yin merchants spit yellow gas, while those voted by Yin merchants are yin. This statement originally came from Romance of the Gods.
Not far apart, it is the slant hall, also known as the side hall, also known as the two corridors, which is the Yanshi Hall. From south to north, the East Corridor is arranged as follows: King I, King III, King V, King VII and King IX; The western corridor is arranged in the following order: two, four, six, eight and ten kings. These ten halls are: one hall, Qin; Two halls, Chu; Three halls, Emperor Song; Four halls and five official kings; Wutang, Yan Luowang; Six halls, the king of the border process; Seven halls, Taishan King; Eight halls, king of the city; Jiutang, the king of equality; Ten kings of the wheel. The statues in each hall are wearing crowns and royal robes, which are lifelike. Most of the statues of the Yanjun in each hall are very kind, and only the Yanjun in the fifth hall is ugly and terrible. There is a plaque in front of his seat, which says "Sen Rosen". According to legend, Yan Jun of Wudian likes flowers very much. Therefore, in the old custom, when a person dies 5735 days later, his family must come to Yamaraja Temple and burn garlands or flowerpots (all paper products). The clay sculptures of the Ten Halls of Hades are all based on the Map of Hell by Wu Daozi, a great painter in the Tang Dynasty, and are made by painters and clay sculpture masters of past dynasties.
There are ten halls of Yanjun, and there are tens of thousands of clay sculptures in the ten halls. Among them, there are clay sculptures such as ghost soldiers, judges, knife mountains, fires, snake pools and oil pans. Some may show the harsh punishment of Yin, and some may show the story of hell in Buddhist legends: some pour gold and silver juice into the mouth of corrupt officials; Others hang upside down profiteers; Some people swear with their tongues cut off, while others are gouged out. Some were sawed in half for doing evil and stuffed in a millstone for grinding; Some were thrown into the flames of war because of crimes; There are also all kinds of clay sculptures that stick out their tongues, steal things and do bad things. One by one lifelike, daunting. In short, they are all punishments for all kinds of bad people. Some of them are kind people, taking the golden mountain and the silver bridge. Finally, no matter who does good or bad things, he must cross the "river bridge", drink the "ecstasy soup", forget what happened before his death, and report to the "wheel king" of the tenth temple Yanjun. Those who do good deeds before their death are either ministers or generals or ordinary people in the afterlife. Those who do evil in their lifetime will become animals, birds and reptiles in the afterlife. When you enter the "wheel city", you are human, but when you leave the city, you become all kinds of creatures. According to legend, these all reflect the legend of "reincarnation" in Buddhism.
At the southern end of the East Gallery (Attached Hall), there is a Shigong Temple. There is a short clay figurine named "Ten Incomplete" in the temple. He was scarred all over, limping with one leg and standing on crutches with the other. Whenever there is a temple fair or the fifteenth day of junior high school, it is said that there are sores, boils or diseases, they will come here and put a plaster on the "ten imperfections" so that they can get better. Many people come here to kowtow, and some people hang a long string of salted radishes on the "Ten Imperfections" to pray for an early recovery for themselves and their families.
Tianqimiao temple fair
At the southern end of the West Gallery (or the northern end of the East Gallery), there is an ancient temple under the moon. According to legend, the old man under the moon is the god in charge of human marriage. In front of the altar of the old man under the moon, there are several sons and gentle and graceful girls wearing square towels tied together with red lines.
Whenever there is a temple fair, many boys and girls who want to get married will come here to kowtow. They are praying here, hoping that the elderly under the moon will match up for themselves as soon as possible and form a good marriage.
The main hall, also called the main hall, is the main hall of Tianqi Temple. As soon as you enter the gate, you can see its majestic posture. There are many "bells" tied to the eaves of the main hall, and two golden dragons are arranged on red pillars next to the resplendent gates. There are many sacrifices in the hall. There is a gold plaque in the middle with the words "Dongyue the Great" written on it. At the top of the shrine is a statue decorated with gold. The king wore a crown with beads hanging down to his face. On both sides of Emperor Dongyue and Empress, there are honor guards and music and dance teams. The guard of honor is full of golden helmets and armour, each with weapons such as axes, hooks and forks. Music and dance teams are composed of girls wearing colorful clothes and holding lutes.
The Apocalypse Hall, dedicated to the Apocalypse Emperor, is known as the Apocalypse and Rensheng Emperor of Mount Taishan in Dongyue. According to legend, Emperor Dongyue was the boss of Yan Luowang, and according to folklore, he was in charge of eighteen levels of hell. All life and death must be transformed into fairy ghosts, and they must be verified by Dongyue before they can be implemented. Therefore, the Apocalypse Temple was built everywhere, which was the palace of the Apocalypse Emperor.
According to legend, Emperor Tianqi was Huang Hufei, King of Wu Cheng in Shang Dynasty. Because Zhou Wang couldn't persecute his sister to death, he made King Wu Cheng rebel and took part in Zhou Wuwang's war to pacify Zhou Wang. After the extinction, due to Huang's great contribution, he was named the head of the Five Mountains and the Emperor of the East Mountain, and built a temple for generations to sacrifice. The corridors and walls of Tianqi Hall are all painted, which are all fairy romance. From "Zhou Wang dotes on da ji", "Burning Pipa Essence" and "Zhou Wenwang's Visit to Weishui Jiang Taigong" to the end of Zhou Wuwang, * * * has more than 100 pictures.
A few hundred steps north from the promenade is the back hall. There is a gold plaque in the temple, which says "It looks like electricity". There are three goddesses here, some are descendants, eyes and pox gods, some are Qiong Xiao, Bi Xiao and Xiao Yun San Xiao. They are dignified in appearance, gorgeous in costumes, wearing badges, robes and jade ornaments. In the middle of the Queen's Palace, there is a large amount of gold hanging, about one foot in diameter. Whenever there is a temple fair, some kind men and women will burn incense, pray and donate money here in order to beg for children. There are also couples who have no children and no daughters, both of whom bow down and beg. There are also many women who throw copper coins into the square holes on "money". In this regard, Miao Runlong, a famous poet in Shengjing, Qing Dynasty, wrote a poem in Bai Yong, Shenyang:
Burn incense and worship the house,
Sister-in-law asked aunt gently.
Spend a lot of money,
I don't know if I can protect my children.
After the poem, the poet himself noted: "On Tianqi (Temple) and Niangniang Temple Day, the temple wishes to cheat money, and a large sum of money is hung in front of the altar, and the words' take care of children and grandchildren' are written. It is the son who can throw money. A couple in the village are among them. " Behind the main hall, there is a Tibetan Scripture Pavilion in the northeast, also known as the Tibetan King Hall. It is a six-sided, two-story tower-shaped building made of blue bricks. There is a pool in the pavilion, and there are three statues of Bodhisattva on the shore, among which is the King of Earth Hidden. According to legend, the Tibetan king is a monk in Mulian. Legend has it that Manglietia became a monk when she was a child, and her mother was a vegetarian and read Buddha, but she was ill for many years, and praying for the blessing of God and Buddha didn't work. When she is angry, she eats meat, drinks and eats meat, and she is blind. The Buddha accused her of insincerity and sent her to hell to suffer. Manglietia learned that her mother was suffering and looked for a lot of hell, but she still couldn't find her mother. Later, his "listening attentively" (lion beast, who can listen through the wall, has a good sense of smell, like the later military dog) heard that Mulian's mother was in the "city of death", and Mulian broke the door of the city of death in vain with her precious "nine rings and look around" and rescued her mother with a golden light. According to legend, in the underground on the east side of the underground museum, there is a brake, that is, hell, commonly known as eighteen layers of hell, so it is called the town of underground museum. At that time, on one side of the plaque, there was "God's silent blessing" in the book.
In the Zen Hall in the East Courtyard of Tianqi Temple, there is a woodcut couplet on the door of the moon: "I have a clear conscience in this trip; Evil is not just my heart. "Zen meditation hall is a place where monks chant Buddhist scripture and rest. There is also a woodcut couplet in the meditation hall: "The twilight drum and the morning bell wake up fame and fortune; "Tell the classics and call back the fascinating dreams on earth." The horizontal link is a "guide maze".
The temple fair of Tianqi Temple used to be the largest in Shenyang. March 25th to April 1 day of the lunar calendar, in which March 28th is said to be the birthday of the Apocalypse Emperor of Dongyue, so this day becomes the opposite day of the temple fair. Every day, some shops and workshops have holidays, and urban and rural areas are boiling, and people are coming and going, which is particularly lively.
Every year from January to early March, the abbot and local officials of Tianqi Temple are very busy and begin to prepare for the temple fair. At that time, there were four archways from Neizhimen (Xiaodongmen) to Xiaodongbianmen Street. The memorial archway is built by sedan chair (or sedan chair) craftsmen with shoulder poles, with fresh pine branches inserted on it and decorated with colored silk and lanterns. It is magnificent and very beautiful. From Xiaodongmen to Xiaodongbianmen Street, Tianqi Temple in the open space is full of mat greenhouses, which are connected in rows. Between the cloth sheds, on both sides of the road, there are many booths, which have become temporary big markets. As soon as the temple fair was held, tourists from urban and rural areas flocked to it. All vehicles must make a detour. During the temple fair, the courtyard of the street temple will be guarded by three steps and one post, and the government will send people to maintain order.
At the temple fair, officials, teachers, farmers, urban and rural people, women and children, boys and girls all rushed to catch the temple fair. There is also the "Wuxiangtang" from Beijing, which specializes in all kinds of herbs and embroidered bags, and colorful vanilla bags are hung all over the cloth shed. A salesman with a Beijing accent sings and sells, sometimes in chorus, sometimes in duet or solo. Tourists are attracted to tents by their songs, and people scramble to pay for all kinds of vanilla wallets. If you buy a wallet, you can hang it on the skirt of a cheongsam or jacket. Many people want to buy more wallets to take back to their relatives and friends.
Tianqi temple fair dragon dance team
There are also martial arts teams and circuses from Cangzhou and Wuqiao. The actors and actresses are either galloping or swords and shadows, which are extremely wonderful and the audience is full. There are monkeys, wrestlers, magicians and drug dealers. There are also storytelling, Beijing opera, cross talk, drum set, shadow play and westernization, all of which are performed in sheds or in the open air. There are also dragon dances, lion dances, old people's carts, big-headed people's plays, walking on stilts, yangko and so on. It is also gathered in a temple fair. Gong, drum and cymbal are loud. During the Republic of China, among all kinds of acoustics, there were some western musical instruments, such as accordion, saxophone, clarinet, drum and horn. And the music is loud, coupled with the peddlers' cries of various tones, mixed tourists' noises, shouting and escorting, bargaining between buyers and sellers, the collision of various utensils, and the cheers of watching various things ... merged into a strange group at the Kanto Temple Fair.
There are also many stalls selling goods in the streets and temples. Some of them sell daily necessities, needles, cloth shoes and socks, wool silk flower, women's headdresses, children's toys, and some sell live tadpoles (frog larvae). Some people buy it to drink, saying it can cure diseases. In particular, people who sell all kinds of snacks eat the most, and people are happy after eating and swimming for a while.
After the Republic of China, there will be many colorful balloons floating in the air during temple fairs. Good men and women came to the temple with "Gao Xiang Jin Yuan Bao" and candles. In the dense crowd, some people take the saddle title for their loved ones, and some people come from other places and townships to make wishes and fulfill them. They knocked on their heads step by step, stood up, took another step, knelt down, and kowtowed again ... In the procession to catch up with the temple fair, dutiful sons and virtuous women prayed devoutly, and thieves and rogues were mixed in. Good and evil are in the temple fair.
Because there are too many tourists and crowded people, thieves take the opportunity to reach for their bags, beggars reach for money in another way, and fortune tellers brag in their usual language that can break the good or bad of life. Amid all the noise, people crowded into Tianqi Temple. Among the people who visited the temple fair, some people were curious to see the statue of Yan Jun in the Tenth Hall. They looked at it boldly one by one, glanced timidly, saw its appearance, turned around and left. The bronze tripod in the temple was filled with cigarettes, and the monks were beating wooden fish and reciting the Prajna Paramita Heart Sutra. After reading a paragraph, they knocked on the copper bowl several times. Tianqi Temple Fair in Shenyang, an ancient city, is like a picture of a riverside scene at Qingming Festival, vividly showing the colorful folk customs of Kanto.
As the sun sets, tourists disperse. After the seven-day temple fair, Tianqi Temple regained its former tranquility.
Tianqi Temple in the ancient city of Shenyang has been repaired many times. According to the inscription, it was overhauled seven times in the Qing Dynasty alone. In the 16th year of the Republic of China (1927), when Zhang was in power, it was also overhauled once. In the early 1940s, the Apocalypse Temple was well preserved. 1949 (or 1952), the Tianqi Temple was demolished. On its former site, Xiaodong No.4 Primary School was established.