Grape is one of the oldest fruit trees in the world. Native to West Asia, it is cultivated all over the world. About 95% of the grapes in the world are concentrated in the northern hemisphere. The main producing areas in China are Xiaoxian County in Anhui, Turpan Hotan in Xinjiang, Yantai in Shandong, Zhangjiakou in Hebei, Xuanhua, Changli, Dalian in Liaoning, Xiong Yue, Shenyang, Lumiao Township in Henan, Quan Min and Yifeng.
Grape is a famous fruit, which can be eaten raw or made into raisins and wine. Tartaric acid can be extracted from the wine residue after brewing, and the roots and vines can be used as medicine to stop vomiting and prevent miscarriage.
Extended data
Preservation and storage methods of grapes
Modern storage mostly adopts controlled atmosphere refrigeration, and the equipment is more complicated. At present, simple storage methods are mainly used in rural areas, such as cellar storage, cylinder storage, sulfur dioxide fumigation storage, micro-cold storage and so on.
The experience that people in northern China are harmful to cellar grapes is generally to build cellars on hillsides or source warehouses. There are 4-6 layers of wooden lattices in the cellar, and L layers of grape ears are gently placed on each layer. The specific methods of wine cellar management are as follows
① Pre-cooling grapes in the shade for 2 days after harvesting, and the pre-cooling temperature must be controlled below 65438 00℃ to fully radiate the heat in the field. Then carefully put the grapes on the shelf in the cellar.
② Control the temperature and humidity in the cellar. Due to the high outdoor temperature in the early stage of cellar, ventilation measures can be taken to keep the temperature below 10℃. After winter, when the temperature drops, it can be kept at 0- 1℃ during the day and closed at night. The relative humidity should be 80%-90%, and when the humidity is insufficient, water can be sprayed on the ground to moisturize. When the outside temperature drops below 10℃, the cellar door should be closed.
(3) Strengthen inspection, and timely eliminate rotten grains of diseased ears.
2. When the number of grapes is small or the grapes in the courtyard are stored, the storage method can be adopted, and household urns are commonly used in the north or stored by themselves. Before storage, wash the jar, dry it, and then put in the grapes. The method of filling the ear is as follows:
(1) directly put the grapes into the vat, lay them flat layer by layer, and put them into 2/3 of the vat, and cover the upper layer with 1 layer of Chinese cabbage leaves without disease or injury. At the initial stage of storage, check the cylinder every 10- 15 days/time.
Pay attention to ventilation (cover) when the temperature is high. When the temperature drops to -5℃, pay attention to cover the cylinder mouth to keep the temperature in the cylinder at 1-2℃. Some locals sprinkle some dry powder of pepper branches and leaves at the bottom of the jar, which also has the function of sterilization and open-air preservation.
(2) After the cylinder is cleaned and dried by the method of loading the cylinder in the cylinder, it is made into "well"-shaped wooden lattices with different sizes according to the pseudo inclination of the cylinder wall. The bottom layer is 10 cm away from the bottom of the tank, and l layers of grapes can be placed in each grid, and 5-6 layers can be placed in each tank. Then use newspaper to seal and paste the cylinder mouth, and generally do not turn over the cylinder. This method can generally store grapes before and after the Spring Festival.
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