Mariculture is a production activity of cultivating marine aquatic economic animals and plants by using coastal shallow beaches. Including shallow water culture, beach culture, harbor culture and so on. It can be classified from different angles. (1) can be divided into fish, shrimp, crab, shellfish, algae, seafood and so on. According to the culture objects, shellfish and algae are the most common, followed by shrimp; (2) According to the intensive degree, it can be divided into coarse culture, semi-intensive culture and intensive culture; (3) According to the mode of production, it can be divided into monoculture, polyculture (such as fish and shrimp) and intercropping (kelp and mussel).
The objects of mariculture are mainly economic animals such as fish, shrimp, crab, shellfish, algae and sea cucumber. Mariculture is an important part of aquaculture.
Marine culture in China has formed large-scale economic varieties, including barracuda, mullet, Nile tilapia, red snapper, black snapper, grouper, bass, large yellow croaker, American red snapper, flounder and puffer fish. The shrimps include Penaeus China, Penaeus monodon, Penaeus penicillatus, Penaeus Moggi, Penaeus japonicus and Penaeus vannamei. Crabs include Scylla serrata and Portunus trituberculatus. Shellfish include mussels, scallops, oysters, blood clams, clams, clams and abalone. Algae include kelp, laver, Undaria pinnatifida, agar, Gracilaria and Eucheuma.