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In what environment can kiwi grow?

The growth of kiwi requires a cool and humid environment, with the average annual temperature ranging from 11.3 to 16.9 degrees. Kiwi fruit is suitable for sandy loam soil and neutral and slightly acidic soil with a pH value.

The pH value is between 6.5 and 7.5. The soil is deep, loose and fertile, rich in organic matter and well-drained mountain forest soil. Red, yellow, brown, black sandy soil or loam can be used.

1. Temperature

Temperature is the main factor limiting the distribution and growth of kiwifruit. Each species has a suitable temperature range. If it exceeds this range, it will grow poorly or cannot survive.

Most kiwifruit species require a warm and humid climate, that is, a subtropical or temperate humid and semi-humid climate. They are mainly distributed in the vast area of ??18 to 34 degrees north latitude. The annual average temperature is about 11.3 to 16.9 degrees Celsius, with the highest extremes. The temperature is 42.6℃. The extreme minimum temperature is about -20.3℃, the effective accumulated temperature above 10℃ is 4500-5200℃, and the frost-free period is 160-270 days.

The temperature requirements of kiwifruit populations are also very inconsistent. For example, Chinese kiwifruit grows well in the annual average temperature of 4 to 20°C, while delicious kiwifruit has the widest distribution in the range of 13 to 18°C.

The growth and development stages of kiwifruit are also affected by temperature. Studies have shown that when the temperature rises to about 10℃, the young buds of delicious kiwifruit begin to sprout. They can bloom when the temperature is above 15℃, and they can bear fruit when the temperature is above 20℃.

When the temperature drops to about 12°C, it enters the dormant period of falling leaves. The entire development process takes about 210 to 240 days. During this period, the daily temperature cannot be lower than 10 to 12°C.

2. Moisture

Kiwi needs water but is afraid of waterlogging. It is a fruit tree with weak physiological drought tolerance and weak moisture tolerance. Therefore, it has strict requirements on soil moisture and air humidity. It is determined that kiwi fruit is most suitable for cultivation in areas with abundant and evenly distributed rainfall, high air humidity, and humid but not waterlogged areas.

The annual precipitation in the natural distribution areas of Chinese kiwi fruit ranges from 800 mm to 2200 mm, and the relative air humidity ranges from 74.3 to 85. Generally speaking, any area with an annual precipitation of 1000 mm to 2000 mm and a relative air humidity of about 80% can meet the water requirements for the growth and development of kiwi fruit.

If the average annual rainfall is 500 mm, it is necessary to consider setting up irrigation facilities to prepare for irrigation needs during drought. There is more fog in the alpine areas, the soil on both sides of the streams is moist, and the humidity is high all year round, which is ideal for the growth of kiwi fruit. In the central and eastern regions, there is sufficient rainfall from April to June, resulting in large branch growth, which is suitable for the growth requirements of kiwi fruit.

The ability of kiwi fruit to resist drought is worse than that of ordinary fruit trees. The leaf shape of kiwi fruit is large and dense, the amount of transpiration is large, and the demand for water is large. According to calculations, an adult kiwi fruit tree with a canopy area of ??25 square meters transpires every day. The water loss is more than 75 liters.

Generally, when the soil moisture content is reduced to 5 to 6, it will lead to insufficient water, causing the growth of kiwi fruit branches to be stunted. The leaves will begin to suffer from drought, the leaves will droop and become smaller, and the leaf edges will wither.

During drought, the leaves begin to dry up. At this time, timely irrigation or spraying of water is necessary, especially in the seedling stage, when the root system has not yet fully expanded, and sufficient water needs to be supplemented. In addition to not being resistant to drought, kiwifruit is also afraid of waterlogging. When there is poor drainage or waterlogging for 2 to 3 days, about 40 plants will die.

During the plum rains in southern China or the rainy season in the north, if it rains continuously and the drainage is poor, the roots will be in a waterlogged state, affecting root respiration. Over time, the root tissue will rot and the plant will die. Therefore, deep trenches and high borders should be planted during planting, and the orchard should have a complete drainage and irrigation system.

3. Light

Most kiwifruit species prefer a semi-shady environment and sunlight but are sensitive to strong light. They are medium photophilic fruit tree species and require 1300-2600 hours of sunshine. , like diffused light, avoid direct sunlight. The fruiting strains require a certain amount of light, and the natural light intensity is 42 to 45.

4. Soil

The soil should be deep, fertile, well-permeable, sandy soil with a water table below 1 meter, high organic matter content, and a slightly acidic pH of 5.5-6.5. , Strongly acidic or alkaline soil needs to be improved before cultivation.

5. Altitude

Kiwi fruit can generally be planted at an altitude of 800-1800 meters, but an altitude of 1000-1600 meters is more suitable. Extended information

Key points of kiwi fruit cultivation:

It can be planted in spring and autumn. Because most kiwi fruits are dioecious, you should pay attention to the allocation of pollinating trees when planting. The ratio of female to male plants is 8:1.

The depth of soil preparation before planting is generally 25 to 30 cm. For planting, dig a planting pit 30 cm wide and 35 cm deep. The spacing between plants and rows is 2.5 meters × 1.5 meters. Place the seedlings into the planting pits. Fully stretch the root system, backfill with mature soil and water it twice, then cover with soil lightly.

When the planted saplings sprout and new shoots begin to grow in the current year, the first top dressing is carried out, and the quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer urea is top-dressed. The second top dressing is in late July, with phosphorus and potassium fertilizers, or human excrement, to promote full maturity of branches and vines, full buds and eyes, which is conducive to fruit development.

Kiwi loves warm and humid conditions. Generally, irrigation can be combined with fertilization, antifreeze water is poured before winter, and spring irrigation is performed after thawing to meet its growth and fruiting needs.

Pruning and pruning can be carried out in summer and late autumn. The buds of kiwifruit grow vigorously. Shaping and pruning are important to increase yield and extend the fruiting life.

Scaffolds are mainly used for shaping. The three main vines in the 1st to 2nd year of planting are mainly cultivated, and the main fruiting branches in the 3rd year of planting are cultivated. Through pruning, the fruit-bearing mother branches and fruit-bearing branches on the side vines can be evenly distributed. After 3 to 4 years of cultivation, the branches and vines can be fully covered. Irrigation and fertilization can be carried out in spring and autumn.

Baidu Encyclopedia-Kiwi