With the increase of market price, imitations and substitutes of South Red and South Red Agate can be seen everywhere in the market. The following are several common methods to identify south red and south red agate: 1. The principle of artificial coloring is that South Red Agate contains a small amount of chromogenic ions. If it only contains Fe3+ ions, it will appear natural red, and if it only contains Fe2+ ions, it will appear turquoise. Most southern agates in nature contain Fe3+ and Fe2+ ions. In an oxidizing atmosphere, Fe2+ will be oxidized to Fe3+ by simple heating, thus transforming the gray south red agate into the red south red agate. The red-hot South Red Agate, that is, the East Red South Red Agate in the collection field, is obviously different from the South Red South Red Agate in sense. Burning red is not so natural as a whole. Red is dark, not bright. Red has the feeling of floating on the surface. In terms of texture, because the red-hot South Red Agate is made of some light-colored South Red Agate, this foreign South Red Agate does not have the unique glue feeling of South Red South Red Agate, that is, the grease feeling, which is usually high in permeability and strong in glass, and is essentially different from the warm South Red Agate. The main differences are: the material is brittle and prone to glass-like cracks; Dark colors, commonly known as dead colors, lack a clear feeling and cannot achieve truly pure and gorgeous red; There are tiny fire lines under the microscope, which are caused by high temperature. 2. Part of the artificially dyed South Red Agate has a high iron content and will turn red after heating, but most of them do not have this condition. Therefore, it is necessary to soak them in the solution of second ferric nitrate or first ferric oxide for one month, then soak them in sodium nitrate for about two weeks, dry them in the air, and then heat and acidify them to make them turn red. Artificial firing has a long history in the optimization of south red agate, and it is also a difficult point in identification. Observed at high magnification, the dyed south red agate can see the reticular color distribution permeating along the crystal gap, which has a strong sense of glass and no special fat feeling of south red. 3. Artificial glue injection is an optimization method that Nanhong began to appear in modern times. The original stone injected with glue is easy to identify, with transparent inclusions on the outer layer and small bubbles in the middle. The carved Jiaonan red is difficult to recognize with the naked eye. If you look closely, you will find that there are transparent lines as thin as silk thread inside. Usually, this transparent line pattern is relatively straight, which usually runs through a long range or even the whole. This transparent linear pattern is different from the natural texture in Nanhong, and it is produced by filling it with cracked epoxy glue. 4. Red tourmaline Red tourmaline is chalcedony containing mineral impurities such as clay minerals and iron oxide, also known as chicken liver stone and sheep liver stone. A large number of red tourmalines are produced at the same time in the southern red production area of Liangshan, and the shell of one kind of volcanic red tourmaline is almost exactly the same as that of the southern red of Liangshan, so it is basically impossible to judge and identify it correctly from the appearance. The outer layer of volcanic ruby also has a brown to iron-black shell oxidized at high temperature, ranging in size from beans to tens of kilograms of huge rough stones. The integrity of volcanic ruby is very good, and there are basically no cracks. The toughness is higher than that of Liangshan Nanhong, and it is difficult to be damaged by conventional hard hitting. Slices have strong graininess, sandy surface, poor gloss and no fat feeling. The color is mainly red, with black spots and impurities. Ruby is opaque in the sun, even under the flashlight dedicated to jade, this stone is almost opaque. 5. Feeder The feeder can be made into a transparent, translucent or even opaque shape as needed. The biggest difference from natural Nanhong is that it contains no oil, and certain bubbles can be seen at high magnification. The physical characteristics of the feeder are fragile and the cross section is glass-like.