There are many descriptions and records of this disease in medical books of past dynasties, and Neijing is known as "wheezing" and "wheezing and drinking". In the Han Dynasty, Zhang Zhongjing's synopsis of the Golden Chamber was also called "ascending qi", and there was a record of "coughing up qi and croaking in the throat". Later doctors divided wheezing and wheezing into two parts. In the True Story of Medicine, Yu Tuan of Ming Dynasty pointed out: "Asthma is said by breath, and wheezing is named by sound." It is considered that shortness of breath, opening one's mouth and lifting one's shoulders are asthma syndrome, while wheezing in and out and vocal sounds in the throat are asthma syndrome. Asthma syndrome must be accompanied by asthma, but asthma syndrome does not have to be accompanied by asthma. This difference has certain significance for syndrome differentiation and treatment, but it is often difficult to distinguish between asthma and asthma in clinic. Even the same patient can have a mild asthma attack, but when the attack is aggravated, it becomes asthma.
The main pathological link of asthma is that chronic diseases are insidious, and it is also induced by feeling exogenous pathogens or other factors. In Yuan Dynasty, Zhu Danxi's "Treatment of Symptoms Due to Pulse" pointed out: "The cause of asthma, phlegm retention, forming a pattern, lurking inside, occasionally committing seven emotions, eating injury, or sometimes making it cold outside, binding its muscle surface, is the syndrome of asthma." There are several reasons that lead to the lodging of chronic diseases: cold pathogen hurts the lung and stops the airway in phlegm; There is improper diet, too much sour and sweet fertilizer, steaming phlegm, and dry in the lungs; There are reasons such as spleen and kidney yang deficiency, qi failing to transform body fluid, and phlegm obstructing the lungs. However, the onset of asthma is bound to have various inducements, such as wind-cold, diet, emotion, fatigue, etc., which cause phlegm-qi to cross, phlegm-qi to rise, qi to fight with each other due to phlegm-resistance, blocking the airway, narrowing the lung tube, and unfavorable lung-qi rise and fall, resulting in difficulty in breathing and shortness of breath; At the same time, the entry and exit of gas leads to the stagnation of phlegm and produces the sound of wheezing. In the Qing Dynasty, Li Yongcui pointed out in the book "Syndrome Treatment and Supplement": "Asthma is often pronounced for a long time due to phlegm and asthma, so there is choking gas inside, untimely feeling outside, and sticky phlegm in the diaphragm. The three are combined, the airway is closed, and the fight is loud, which is called asthma." It is briefly explained that the choking qi, untimely feeling and glued phlegm are the three main links of asthma attack.
Physicians of past dynasties believed that the main organ of pathological changes of this disease was lung, involving spleen and kidney, and the heart in the later stage. Therefore, asthma, a syndrome, mostly in the lungs, mainly evil, long-term illness and kidney, lack of healthy qi. However, due to repeated attacks, the disease has a long course of disease, which often leads to the deficiency of lung, spleen and kidney in clinic. Patients will feel the inducement again, and the new evil will lead to the stagnation of yin, phlegm and qi, which will be confined to the lung, so that asthma will show a mixed phenomenon of excess of evil and deficiency of positive.
Treatment principle: "excess asthma should be eliminated, deficiency asthma should be cultivated;" Cold asthma should be warmed or dispersed, and hot asthma should remove phlegm and suppress the lungs. " This is the solution to the symptoms, but it can't be the root cause. Asthma patients are often not a single cold and heat of excess and deficiency, but mostly manifest as deficiency and excess, and excess and deficiency are mixed. Therefore, the key to treat asthma is to distinguish evil from excess and deficiency, and the difference of specimens in turn. Zhu Danxi's "Danxi Heart Therapy" in the Yuan Dynasty advocated: "For chronic asthma, the main thing is to strengthen the vital energy before it occurs, and the main thing is to attack evil." Pointed out the principles of treatment for later physicians. Clinically, it is generally advisable to eliminate pathogenic factors first and then strengthen the body resistance, but we should not only focus on the standard but not the root, or only strengthen the body resistance but not the standard. Because this disease is mostly due to the deficiency of the root and the excess of the root, the treatment must take into account both the symptoms and the root causes. As for which is more or less, it must vary from person to person. Adolescent patients are generally characterized by excess and heat, mainly with lung meridian syndrome; In middle-aged and elderly patients, deficiency asthma is more common, and the syndrome of excess on the upper body and deficiency on the lower body is common. New diseases are full of evil, while chronic diseases are full of positive deficiency. Only when the syndrome differentiation is accurate in clinic and the balance between virtual and real specimens is correctly grasped in treatment can the ideal expected effect be achieved.
Western medicine believes that asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease of the airway, which is involved in a variety of cells and cell components. This chronic inflammation is related to airway hyperresponsiveness. Usually, there is extensive and changeable reversible airflow restriction, which leads to recurrent symptoms such as wheezing, shortness of breath, chest tightness and/or cough. Most patients attack and aggravate at night and/or early morning, and most patients can relieve themselves or through treatment.
The causes of asthma are:
1. allergen:
Common sensitivities are as follows:
Common substances such as dust, dust, pollen, carpets, animal hair, clothing fibers, and even urine; Irritants such as cigarettes and sprays;
Food such as shrimp, crab, milk food such as cheese, cheese, milk and so on.
Dust is a tiny microorganism, mostly attached to pillows, sheets, curtains, carpets and other places. The excrement of dust will produce a sensitive reaction to the bronchi of asthma patients.
2. Infection:
Upper respiratory tract infection, bronchitis and cold are common factors that induce asthma. Most of these diseases are caused by viruses, which damage the mucosa of patients' respiratory ducts and make their trachea more sensitive to external stimuli.
3. Air pollution:
There are many different kinds of pollutants in the air. According to the survey, the incidence of asthma in developed society is on the rise. Because of the developed industry and transportation in developed countries or regions, the air is poor.
Most of them are of poor quality. For example, sulfur dioxide sprayed from factories may induce asthma. The air pollution in Hong Kong is becoming more and more serious. Recently, the air pollution index has often hovered at a very high level, which undoubtedly has a negative effect on the condition of asthma patients.
Good influence.
4. Climate change:
The change of weather is also one of the causes of asthma. Whenever the seasons change, for example, between summer and autumn, or from winter to spring, the change of temperature and humidity in the air will make the patient's respiratory tract react sensitively, thus inducing asthma.
5. Things:
Some asthma patients will have allergic reactions to certain things, which will lead to the narrowing of the respiratory tract and cause asthma. In addition, some substances have adverse effects on almost all asthma patients, such as "beta blocker" for treating heart disease and hypertension, which may cause asthma and even lead to death.
6. Exercise:
Exhaustive exercise can sometimes induce asthma. Because the body needs a lot of oxygen during exercise, in this case, most of us will breathe through the mouth. Because the air inhaled through the mouth does not pass through the breathing tube, it will be colder and drier, and it will also contain more particles, so it will easily cause illness if inhaled in large quantities.
7. Mental and emotional:
Some asthma patients may also cause illness when they are emotional. For example, when laughing and making a scene, we need to take a deep breath, which may cause respiratory tract stenosis and induce asthma.