1, the following organisms have the simplest structure ( )
A, bacteria B, plants C, animals D, hepatitis viruses
2, the structure that can break down the organic matter in the cell and release the energy is ( )
A, the cell membrane B, the cell nucleus C, mitochondria D, chloroplasts
3, the attitude we should not have in the face of drugs is ( )
A, resolutely refuse, never get involved in B, report the people around you who have drug abuse
C, have a novelty, curious to try D, actively participate in anti-drug propaganda activities
4, some extant animals are still almost the same as the form in which they existed a million years ago. What is the best way to explain this phenomenon? ( )
A. These animals have been mutating B. The environment in which these animals live has not changed much
C. These animals reproduce by sexual reproduction D. These animals have evolved back into simpler organisms
5. What must you consider in order to be safe when you self-administer drugs at home?
A. Many genes are arranged on chromosomes B. Many chromosomes are arranged on genes
C. Gene is another name for chromosome D. Chromosomes are called genes when they are in the nucleus of the cell
7. Xiaoming found many spots on the rocks in his rural hometown during his vacation, and these spots, which are both small and large, are just like the pattern of the rocks. Are they living things? Can you think of a way to help him determine? ( )
A. Not living things, because they can't move B. Living things, because they can grow and reproduce
C. Not living things, because scraping them down is like dirt
D. Living things, because rocks don't grow things
8. Which of the following is not a measure to improve photosynthesis in plants and increase crop yields? ( )
A. Increasing the light hours and using related lighting facilities
B. Increasing the amount of carbon dioxide in farmland and delivering carbon dioxide to farmland
C. Irrigation in a reasonable manner to ensure that the plants have the water they need to grow D. Trying to plant densely so that the plants can take full advantage of the sun's rays
9. In the past, seafaring sailors were susceptible to scurvy because they could not get fresh vegetables easily during long Sailing process is not easy to get fresh vegetables and fruits, fresh vegetables and fruits are rich in ()
A, vitamin A B, vitamin B C, vitamin C D, vitamin D
10, the human body inhalation respiratory muscle contraction, the thorax upward and outward, such as trying to inhale the diaphragm will also be contracted, so that the diaphragm top down, the result ()
A, the lungs air pressure decreases, external B. The air pressure inside the lungs increases, and the outside gas enters the lungs
C. The air pressure inside the lungs decreases, and the outside gas comes out of the lungs D. The air pressure inside the lungs increases, and the outside gas comes out of the lungs
11. The following descriptions of the body circulation are correct ( )
A. It is a circulatory pathway that transports blood from the heart to all parts of the body
B. It transports oxygen and nutrients for the whole body through the body circulation
B. It transports oxygen and nutrients for the whole body through the body circulation. B. It transports oxygen and nutrients to all parts of the body through the body circulation
C. After passing through the body circulation, the blood turns from venous blood to arterial blood
D. It is a circulatory pathway that transports the blood back to the heart
12. What is incorrect in the following narratives about the small intestine being the main place of digestion and absorption is that ( ）
A, the small intestine is long B. There are folds in the inner wall of the small intestine and the villi of the small intestine
C. The small intestine is rich in digestive juices D. The small intestine is rich in digestive juices D, the peristalsis of the small intestine is fast
13, the structure of the eye, there are light-sensitive cells are ( )
A, cornea B, sclera C, retina D, iris
14, when the electric eel catches the prey, will be a very high frequency of discharge, the same kind of electric eel heard, it exchanges information on "language" is ( )
14, when the electric eel catches the prey, will be extremely high frequency discharge, same kind of electric eel smell, it exchange of information "is ( )
A, action B, electric current C, sound D, odor
15, most of the fish sequentially spawning up to tens of thousands to millions of particles or more, but the fry mortality rate is very high, so the number of developing fish is very small, the phenomenon of high spawning capacity of these fish is ( )
A, a kind of adaptive B, adaptive relativity <
C, the results of long-term genetic and mutation D, by the abiotic factors constraints on the results
16, scientists speculate that the origin of life manager of the four chemical evolutionary processes, which the formation of small molecules of organic matter (such as amino acids) and the birth of primitive life in the place of the ( )
A, the primordial oceans and the primitive atmosphere B, the primitive atmosphere and the primitive oceans
C, both in the primitive oceans D, both in the primitive atmosphere
17, peas with tall stems for the dominant gene (indicated by D), short stems for the recessive gene (indicated by d), the following parental combinations of short stems may be ( )
A, DD and Dd B, Dd and Dd C, DD and dd D, DD and DD
18, Lingling traveled when she saw A kind of geese, after consulting the information, she found the position of this kind of geese in the taxonomy, please help Lingling to determine which of the following is correct?
A, ducks, geese, geese and ducks subfamily, geese B, geese, ducks, ducks, geese and ducks subfamily, geese
C, geese and ducks subfamily, geese, ducks, ducks, geese D, geese, ducks, geese and ducks subfamily, geese
19, in order to make a sour apple tree to bear sweet apples, which of the following is wrong ( )
A, the sour apple As rootstock B, sweet apples as scion
C, scion and rootstock phloem must want to match D, sour apples as scion
20, the following statements about puberty, the incorrect one is ( )
A, into puberty, the human nervous system and the heart and so on the function of the markedly strengthened
B, into the puberty, the boy and girls' sex organs are developing rapidly
C, human puberty is the golden period of physical development and intellectual development in a lifetime
D, pubertal female menstruation should not let the opposite sex know
Two, fill in the blanks (1 point per blank, ****30 points)
21, the largest ecosystem on the Earth is , which is the all the organisms on the Earth **** the same home. The number and proportion of various organisms in the ecosystem are always maintained in a relatively stable state, that is, the ecosystem has a certain self-regulation ability, but this ability is .
22, in the experiment to simulate the formation of animal protective colors, the colored fabric used to simulate , and finally found that after predation, the color of the remaining small pieces of paper and the color of the same.
23、The reproduction of organisms has and , in terms of evolution, the higher reproduction is .
24. It is known through scientific investigation that earthworms live in dark and moist environments. Therefore, in the process of scientific investigation, if the hypothesis is "humidity has an effect on the life of earthworms", then the variable should be .
25, a student in a long time after reading, want to regulate the fatigue of the eyes, so he looked into the distance, but the results are not clear, fuzzy. You think: this is because he read for a long time close to the ciliary body suspensory ligament fatigue, can not regulate the curvature of the image in the retina of the result, so myopic people need to wear correction.
26, into the rainy season, many items are easy to mold hair, while the winter is not prone to this situation, you think the main reason is: mold suitable conditions for survival and and related.
27, Darwin believes that the cause of biological evolution is the result of the organisms in the process of continuous adaptation to the environment continues to evolve.
28, in the study of the origin of mankind, the method used is; in the study of the formation process of protective color, the method used is.
29, a student in the use of the microscope to observe the onion epidermal cells, the first low-magnification observation and then changed to high-magnification observation, found that the field of view to change , the number of cells can be seen is also higher.
30, in the investigation of "buns in the mouth of the changes", three treatments: ① bun crumbs and saliva into the test tube No. 1 fully stirred; ② bun crumbs and water into the test tube No. 2 fully stirred; ③ buns into the test tube No. 3 pieces of saliva with no stirring. And put it in warm water at about 37℃ for 5 - 10 minutes. Please ask: the one that does not turn blue after adding iodine solution is test tube No. 3. the function of test tube No. 3 is .
31, "observe the blood flow in the caudal fin of a small fish" experiment to be observed with a magnifying glass, observed some of the thinnest blood vessels, and of the capillaries.
32, the investigation of different issues can be used in different ways, such as we are investigating "the role of fins in swimming" and "the role of animals in people's lives" were used and the method.
33, the effect of alcohol on the heart rate of the water flea experiment, the higher the concentration of alcohol used, and the heart rate of the water flea more , when exactly the concentration of 20% of the water flea will die, which shows that the alcohol is a kind of heart rate of the substance.
34, in the observation of earthworms in the experiment, you through , found that the earthworm's abdomen has some protrusions, using a magnifying glass to observe, found to be setae, earthworm abdominal setae can .
35、Geneticists call the red and yellow fruits of tomatoes and the white and black hairs of rabbits , and they are all controlled by .
Four, short answer questions (30 points)
36, case study: Xiaogang 17 years old, went to the hospital one day, complained: recently felt: ① lack of body weakness, lack of appetite, wasting ② cough, sputum, sputum, sometimes sputum with blood, have taken vitamins after the ineffective; ③ night dreams, often cold sweat, sometimes feel pain in the chest. After the doctor's examination; ④ blood pressure: 16/10.7 kPa; ⑤ axillary temperature: 37.8 ℃; ⑥ blood test: red blood cells 5 million/mm3, white blood cells 10,000/mm3 platelets 250,000/mm3.
(1) According to the above judgment, Xiaogang may be suffering from , based on . (in numbers)
(2) The common confirmation method in the hospital is .
(3) This disease is an infectious disease. The pathogen is , and the original host site is , mainly through transmission.
(4) In response to the symptoms of the disease, the doctor took the following measures: ① administer penicillin and dress medication. ② Eat nutritious food and control your activity level. ③ Inoculate family members, neighbors and friends with BCG vaccine. ③ Inoculate family, neighbors, and friends with BCG vaccine. ⑤ Do not let your classmates visit you in the hospital. ⑥Disinfect his home and utensils at home.
Controlling the source of infection;
Cutting off the transmission route;
Protecting susceptible people.
37, March 16, 2005 KFC belongs to Yum Brands in Shanghai issued a public statement announcing that Kentucky Chicken New Orleans wings and New Orleans baked chicken thighs burger seasoning in the 15th inspection was found to contain Sudan red (No. 1) ingredients, the domestic all KFC restaurants immediately stop selling these two products, while destroying all seasonings. It turns out that Sudan Red is not a food additive. Rather, it is a chemical coloring agent, and its chemical composition is a compound called naphthalene, which is also a man-made chemical agent. Sudan red belongs to the azo class of chemical colorants, mainly used in solvents, waxes, gasoline color enhancement and shoes, floors and other lightening.
Studies have shown that Sudan Red 1 is carcinogenic, causing cancer in rodents, and it has also been shown to be carcinogenic in human liver cell studies. Because the dye, which is used as a food coloring, only slowly affects the health of those who consume it and does not rapidly cause cancer, it is highly insidious. "After degradation by the human body, Sudan Red No. 1 forms a moderately toxic carcinogen called "aniline". Excessive amount of "aniline" inhaled into the human body may cause tissue hypoxia, poor respiration, central nervous system, cardiovascular system and other diseases. If inhaled in excess, aniline may cause tissue hypoxia, poor respiration, damage to the central nervous system and cardiovascular system, and even lead to infertility. Animal experiments have shown that "Sudan Red 1" can cause some cancers in rats, but it is not a serious carcinogen, so don't panic too much. Sudan Red is mainly used in (so far found): chili sauce, chili oil, spicy radish, soy sauce, curd. According to the above information, please answer:
(1) "Sudan Red 1" is a class of what substances? Why has it aroused the concern of the whole society?
(2) What do you know about food safety after reading the material? What do you learn from it (about food safety)?
(3) What do you think should be done to control the food problems caused by this kind of substance?
38. According to reports, most people in a village in Yingde City, Guangdong Province, live to be no more than 40 years old. The province's Geological Survey Institute was informed of this and carried out a geological survey of karst groundwater resources exploration and ecological environment in northern Guangdong. It was found that due to the low-lying terrain, the sewage seeped into the ground and polluted the groundwater resources, so that the manganese content of the groundwater was up to 0.65 milligrams per liter, and the nitrite content was up to 0.15 milligrams per liter, which exceeded the national drinking water hygiene standards by 6.5 times and 30 times respectively. As a result of the long-term recycling of polluted water, the health and life of local people have been seriously affected. It can be seen that human activities affect the environment, and changes in the environment affect the survival and development of human beings themselves. Please answer in the light of the local ecological environment, production or actual living conditions:
(1) Give an example of human activities that damage the ecological environment.
(2) Ask an exploratory question about the example.
(3) Make a hypothesis using prior knowledge.
(4) State the methodology of the probing question.
(5) Make suggestions for solving the problem.
Reference Answers to Grade 8 Biology Practice Exam Questions
I. Multiple Choice Questions
DCCBD ABDCA BDCBA CBBDD
II. Skill Questions
21. biosphere finite
22. living environments of organisms fabric
23. asexual reproduction sexual reproduction sexual reproduction sexual reproduction
24, the amount of soil moisture
5, lens front concave lens
26, humidity temperature
27, natural selection
28, inferences and arguments simulated experiments
29, dark less
30, 1 control
31, low red blood cells pass through in a single line
32、Simulation experiment Investigation
33、Slow Inhibition
34、Finger touching earthworm body segments Assisted movement
35、Relative traits Genes
Three short answer questions
36、(1)Tuberculosis ① ② ③ ⑤
(2) Chest fluoroscopy
(3) Respiratory tract Mycobacterium tuberculosis Respiratory tract mucosa Droplets, air
(4) ① ④ ⑥ ③ ⑤
37. (1) "Sudan Red No. 1" is a chemical coloring agent; after being degraded by the human body, it forms a moderately toxic carcinogen, "aniline". "Aniline", excessive amount of "aniline" is inhaled into the human body, may cause tissue hypoxia, poor respiration, causing damage to the central nervous system, cardiovascular system, and even lead to infertility.
(2) The issue of food safety requires not only personal attention to dietary hygiene, but also the efforts of all sectors of society***.
Inspiration: do not eat food sold on the street without a health license; eat less, do not eat pickled food; do not drink, do not eat food containing preservatives, coloring agents and other beverages; and so on.
(3) The relevant state departments should step up inspections and penalties; strictly control the circulation of the substances concerned; people should be more aware of food safety; and so on.
38. (1) Forests and vegetation are cut down and destroyed by local people.
(2) Will the reduction of vegetation increase soil erosion?
(3) Decrease in vegetation increases soil erosion.
(4) Use a simulation experiment.
(5) Planting trees; returning farmland to forests and grasses; publicizing vigorously to enhance people's awareness of protecting vegetation; and so on.