1, drug introduction
The main ingredient of this product is low molecular weight heparin calcium.
Dosage form:
injection
Shape:
This product is a colorless or yellowish clear liquid.
Functional indications:
This product is mainly used to prevent and treat deep venous thrombosis, and can also be used to prevent blood clot formation during hemodialysis.
Usage and dosage:
Abdominal subcutaneous injection
Adverse reactions:
The tendency of bleeding is low, but there is still a risk of bleeding after taking the medicine. This product may occasionally have allergic reactions (such as rash and urticaria); Rare moderate thrombocytopenia and mild hematoma and necrosis at the injection site.
Taboo:
1. Those who are allergic to this product (allergic reaction symptoms are the same as those of ordinary heparin sodium) are prohibited. 2. Patients with acute bacterial endocarditis are prohibited. 3. Thrombocytopenia, which is prohibited when there is this product with positive agglutination reaction in vitro.
2. Precautions
1. cannot be used for intramuscular injection (intramuscular injection can cause local hematoma). Epidural anesthesia should be used with caution 2 ~ 4 hours before operation.
2. Be careful with the following patients and pay attention to monitoring (because allergic reaction or bleeding may occur): those with allergic history; Those with bleeding tendency and coagulation mechanism disorder, such as: gastric and duodenal ulcer, stroke, severe liver and kidney diseases, severe hypertension, retinal vascular disease, threatened abortion; Those who have taken enough anticoagulants orally. This product should not be used as anticoagulant during cardiopulmonary bypass.
3. Platelet count should be carried out before treatment. This product rarely induces thrombocytopenia, but it may still occur after 5 ~ 8 days of medication, so platelet count should be carried out regularly at the beginning of medication 1 month.
Drug interaction:
Attention should be paid to the simultaneous application of this product with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory and analgesic drugs, salicylic acid drugs, oral anticoagulants, drugs affecting platelet function and plasma compatibilizer (dextran), because these drugs can aggravate the risk of bleeding.
Pharmacology and toxicology:
Low molecular weight heparin calcium (hereinafter referred to as this product) is a new type of antithrombin ⅲ (AT ⅲ)-dependent antithrombotic drug, and its pharmacological action is basically similar to that of ordinary heparin sodium. Ordinary heparin can separate antithrombotic activity and anticoagulant activity. The activity of thrombin (factor Ⅱa) in plasma is closely related to blood coagulation, and the activity of factor Xa is closely related to thrombosis. Because the ratio of anti-factor Xa activity to anti-factor IIA activity of this product is 2.5 ~ 5.0, while that of unfractionated heparin is about 1.0, this product can inhibit the formation of thrombosis in vivo and in vitro, arterial and venous thrombosis, and it can stimulate endothelial cells to release tissue factor coagulation pathway inhibitors and plasminogen activators, which are not neutralized by platelet factor 4 and have no obvious effect on platelet function. This product has indirect synergistic effect on thrombolysis and can be used to treat deep venous thrombosis. Preventive antithrombotic therapy only needs subcutaneous injection once a day, and generally does not need laboratory monitoring. This product has no toxicity (mutagenic, teratogenic and carcinogenic). The LD50 of intravenous injection and subcutaneous injection of this product in mice were 1655mg/kg and 3764mg/kg respectively.
Medication for pregnant and lactating women:
The use of this product by women in the first trimester of pregnancy or postpartum may increase the risk of maternal bleeding, so it should be used with caution.