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Introduction of nutmeg
15.3 Properties 15.4 Identification 15.5 Examination 15.6 Determination of content 15.6.1 Volatile oil 15.6.2 Dehydrodiisoeugenol 15.6.2.1 Chromatographic conditions and system suitability test 15.6.2.2 Preparation of control solution 15.6.2.3 Preparation of test solution 15.6.2.4 Method of determination 15.7 Myrtles slices 15.7.1 Concoction 15.7.1.1 Myristic nutmeg 15.7.1.1.1 Characterization, identification, examination and content determination 15.7.1.2 Bran simmered nutmeg 15.7.1.2.1 Content determination 15.7.1.2.2 Identification, examination 15.7.2 Characterization and attribution 15.7.3 Functions and main indications 15.7.4 Methods of use and dosage 15.7.5 Storage 15.8 Provenance 16 References Attachments 1 Formulas using the Chinese medicine nutmeg 2 Proprietary Chinese medicines using the Chinese medicine nutmeg 3 Nutmeg in ancient books 1 Pinyin ròu dòu kòu

2 English Reference

muscade [朗道汉英字典][Langdao]

myristica [朗道漢英字典][Langdao Chinese-English dictionary][朗道汉英字典][Langdao Chinese-English dictionary]

Myristica fragrans Houttuyn [Landau Chinese-English Dictionary]

Nm. [Xiangya Medical Professional Dictionary]

Semen Myristicae(la) [Chinese Medicine Nomenclature Review Committee. Chinese Medicine Nomenclature (2004)]

nutmeg [Chinese Medicine Nomenclature Validation Committee. Nomenclature of Chinese Medicine (2004)]

3 Overview

Myristic nutmeg is the name of a Chinese medicine, which comes from the Treatise on Medicinal Properties [1]. It is the dried seed kernel of Myristica fragrans Houtt. of the family Myristaceae [2].

The Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China*** and the State Pharmacopoeia (2010 edition) recorded the pharmacopoeial standard of this Chinese medicine.

4 Latin name

Semen Myristicae (La) (Nomenclature of Traditional Chinese Medicine (2004))

5 English name

nutmeg (Nomenclature of Traditional Chinese Medicine (2004))

6 Alias of Nutmeg

Flesh Fruit, Jade Fruit[1].

7 Source and Origin

Seed kernel of Myristica fragransHoutt. of the Myristicaceae family.[1]. Mainly produced in Malaysia and Indonesia, India, Brazil [1].

8 Sexual flavors and attributes

Pungent, warm, slightly toxic [1]. It enters the spleen, stomach and kidney meridians [1].

9 Functions and Indications

It is used to warm the middle Jiao, move qi, eliminate food and fix the large intestine [1]. Indications: cold spleen and stomach, distension and pain in the epigastrium, loss of appetite, cholera, vomiting, prolonged diarrhea, prolonged dysentery [1].

10 Usage and dosage of nutmeg

Decoction: 3-9g [1].

11 Usage

The aril of nutmeg is called nutmeg coat, which can be used as an aromatic stomachic agent [1].

12 Chemical composition

The seeds contain volatile oils, the main aroma hinokiene, icariene, eugenol, methyl eugenol, pinene [1]. It also contains toxic substances myristyl ether, dihydroxytrimethoxy 8O4'neolignan, 2 (4 allyl 2,6 dimethoxyphenyl) 1,4 dihydroxy 3methoxyphenylpropan1ol, ligustral B, etc [1].

13 Pharmacological effects

The volatile oil and its components have central inhibitory effects [1]. It is also anti-tumor and anti-inflammatory [1]. The volatile oil has a local *** on the gastrointestinal tract, while showing an expectorant effect [1]. Excessive doses given to cats can cause a semi-comatose state and death within 24 hours due to liver damage [1]. Myristyl ether has hallucinogenic effects in normal humans [1]. Methylisoeugenol has sedative, hypnotic and antibacterial effects [1]. Myristic oil is also a powerful monoamine oxidase inhibitor [1].

14 Nutmeg Poisoning

Nutmeg is also known as nutmeg, nutmeg, yucca, caraway berry, spleen an ruiqi, doukou, top meat, and long-shelled yucca [3]. Long shell jade fruit: also known as long-shaped nutmeg [3]. It is the skinned fruit of the same genus Nutmeg long form [3]. It is the seed kernel of Myristica fragrans, family Myrtaceae, which contains volatile oil [3]. The oil mainly contains pinene, camphene, hinokiene, eugenol, safrole and myristyl ether [3]. It has the effect of warming the middle and strengthening the stomach, lowering the qi and eliminating food, astringent and stopping diarrhea [3]. It is mainly produced in Indonesia [3]. Weak aroma, spicy flavor [3].

Myristic nutmeg is toxic in raw form, and the volatile oil has a *** effect on the gastrointestinal tract and general anesthesia [3].

14.1 Mechanisms of adverse reactions

The drug is toxic in raw form, and nutmeg is a toxic component [3]. Pharmacological experiments show that the active effect of nutmeg is mainly myristyl ether and safrole, the former has a significant effect on the central nervous system, the drug can cause poisoning when the dosage is large, cats orally lethal dose of myristyl ether is 0.5 ~ 1ml/kg [3]. Cat oral nutmeg powder 1.8g/kg, or subcutaneous injection of volatile oil 0.12ml/kg can cause semi-comatose state and hepatic damage, and died within 24h [3]. The common dosage of this drug for internal use in decoction is 3-9g [3]. The volatile oil of this product has *** effect on the gastrointestinal tract and general anesthesia [3]. It has hallucinogenic phenomenon on normal people, and teratogenicity has been reported in recent years, the latter has a paralyzing effect, and carcinogenicity has also been reported [3].

14.2 Clinical manifestations

This product is not concocted to remove the oil or overdose can occur poisoning, the manifestations of nausea, vertigo, hallucinations, etc., the severe cases of delirium, pupil dilatation, respiratory slowing, neurological reflexes disappeared, coma and death [3]. Determination of the content of myristyl ether and safrole is more important, and it has been reported that different commodities have been determined by high performance liquid chromatography, in which the content of the two has a large difference [3].

14.3 Therapeutic points

The therapeutic points of myristic poisoning are: there is no specific treatment, gastric lavage, *** to eliminate poison as soon as possible after the occurrence of poisoning, and symptomatic treatment [3].

15 Pharmacopoeial Standard of Myristicaceae 15.1 Name

Myristicaceae

Roudoukou

MYRISTICAE SEMEN

15.2 Source

This product is the dried seed kernel of Myristica fragrans Houtt.

15.3 Character

This product is ovoid or oval, 2-3cm long, 1.5-2.5cm in diameter. The surface is gray-brown or gray-yellow, sometimes covered with white powder (lime powder). The whole body has light-colored longitudinal grooves and irregular reticulate grooves. The umbilicus is located at the broad end, with a light-colored rounded protuberance and a dark depression at the meristem. The ridges are longitudinally furrowed, connecting the two ends. The texture is firm, the section shows brownish-yellow mixed marbling, and the wide end shows dry and wrinkled embryo, rich in oil. The aroma is strong and the flavor is pungent.

15.4 Identification

(1) cross-section of the product: the outer endosperm tissue, consisting of more than 10 columns of flat wrinkled cells, containing brown material, occasionally see small square crystals, staggered into the organization of the small vascular bundles, dark brown outer endosperm deep in the light yellow endosperm to form a marble-like pattern, containing most of the oil cells. The endosperm cells are thin-walled, rounded, full of starch grains, fat oil and paste powder grains, with sparse light yellow cells. The starch granules were mostly single, 10-20 μm in diameter, and a few were compound granules composed of 2-6 fractions, 25-30 μm in diameter, with obvious umbilical points. Stained with iodine solution and immediately observed with glycerol device, larger pasty powder grains were seen mixed in the numerous blue-black starch grains. Chloral hydrate device observation, visible fat oil is often a block of flaky, scaly, heating that is into oil droplets.

(2) take 2g of powder, add petroleum ether (60 ~ 90 ℃) 10ml, ultrasonic treatment for 30 minutes, filtration, take the filtrate as a test solution. Another 2g of nutmeg control herb, the same method into the control herb solution. According to the thin layer chromatography (2010 version of the Pharmacopoeia, a Appendix VI B) test, absorb the above two solutions of 5μl, were spotted on the same high-performance silica gel G prefabricated thin-layer plate, with petroleum ether (60-90 ℃) ethyl acetate (9:1) as the unfolding agent, the expansion of the cylinder pre-saturated 15 minutes, unfolding, remove, drying, sprayed with 5% vanillin sulfuric acid solution, and heated at 105 ℃ until the spot color is clear. In the chromatogram of the test article, in the corresponding position with the chromatogram of the control herb, the same color spots.

15.5 Inspection

Moisture should not be more than 10.0% (2010 version of the Pharmacopoeia, Appendix IX H, the second method),

15.6 Determination of the content of 15.6.1 Volatile oil

Take the crude powder of the product of about 20g, weighing, according to the method of determination of volatile oil (2010 version of the Pharmacopoeia, Appendix X D).

This product contains volatile oil should not be less than 6.0% (ml/g).

15.6.2 Dehydrodiisoeugenol

Determined by high performance liquid chromatography (2010 version of the Pharmacopoeia I Appendix VI D).

15.6.2.1 Chromatographic conditions and system suitability test

Octadecylsilane-bonded silica gel was used as filler; methanol and water (75:25) was used as the mobile phase; the detection wavelength was 274 nm, and the theoretical plate number should be not less than 3000 according to the calculation of the peaks of dehydrodiisoeugenol.

15.6.2.2 Preparation of the control

The control of dehydrodiisoeugenol was taken. Appropriate amount, precision weighing, add methanol to make a solution containing 30 μg per 1 ml, that is obtained.

15.6.2.3 Preparation of test solution

Take about 0.5g of powder (sieve No. 2), weigh it precisely, put it in a stoppered conical flask, add 50ml of methanol, weigh it and ultrasonicate it (250W, 40kHz) for 30 minutes, let it cool down, weigh it again, make up for the loss of weight with methanol, shake it well and then filter, and then take the filtrate, that is, it is obtained.

15.6.2.4 Determination

Precisely aspirate 10μl each of the control solution and test solution, inject into the liquid chromatograph, determination, that is, obtained.

This product is calculated according to the dry product, containing dehydrodiisoeugenol (C20H2204) shall not be less than 0.10%.

15.7 Myrtles 15.7.1 Concoction 15.7.1.1 Myrtles

Remove impurities, wash and dry.

15.7.1.1.1 Traits, identification, examination, content determination

Same as herbs.

15.7.1.2 Bran simmering nutmeg

Take net nutmeg, add bran, bran simmering temperature of 150 ~ 160 ℃, about 15 minutes, until the bran is burnt yellow, nutmeg is brown, wrapped with cracks removed, sieve off the bran, let cool. Mash when used.

Every 100kg nutmeg, with 40kg of bran.

This product is shaped like nutmeg, the surface of the brown, with cracks. Aromatic, pungent flavor.

15.7.1.2.1 Content determination

The same herb, containing volatile oil shall not be less than 4.0% (ml/g); containing dehydrodiisoeugenol (C20H2204) shall not be less than 0.080%.

15.7.1.2.2 Identification, examination

Same as herbs.

15.7.2 Taste and attribution

Pungent, warm. Attributes to the spleen, stomach and large intestine meridians.

15.7.3 Functions and Indications

Warming the middle Jiao, moving Qi, astringing the intestines to stop diarrhea. It is used in treating deficiency and coldness of the spleen and stomach, prolonged diarrhea, distension and pain in the epigastric region, and vomiting with little food.

15.7.4 Method of use and dosage

3~10g.

15.7.5 Storage

In a cool and dry place, prevent moth.

15.8 Provenance