One, urinary tract obstruction, kidney stones to the urinary tract lumen blockage will lead to obstruction above the site of the accumulation of water.

Second, local damage, if it is a small and relatively large mobility of the stone, the local tissue damage will be very light, but large and fixed staghorn-shaped stone will make the renal calyx, the renal pelvis epithelial cell detachment, fibrotic tissue hyperplasia, ulcers, neutrophils and lymphocytes infiltration, resulting in fibrosis.

Three, infection, urinary tract infection patients clinical symptoms manifested in fever, back pain, pus cells in the urine.

Fourth, the renal tissue is replaced by adipose tissue, the renal peritoneum is tightly adhered to the surface of the kidney, and the renal tissue is atrophied and sclerotic.

Fifth, renal function decline, combined with urinary tract obstruction, especially bilateral urinary tract obstruction or on the basis of the combination of serious infections, the patient may develop renal insufficiency.