The following is a brief introduction to his life
Herman William g? Ring (Herman g? Ring,189365438+1October194665438+1October 15), marshal of the Nazi German Air Force, the second figure of the German Nazi Party, Hitler. At the Nuremberg trial, Goering was accused of war crimes and crimes against humanity and sentenced to death, but he committed suicide in prison a few hours before the execution.
one's early years
Goering was born in rosenheim, Bavaria. His father Heinrich Ernest Goering was a lawyer and a local official, and his mother was Franciska. When I was a child, Goering was often separated from his parents and was educated by a tutor at home. Since then, he has studied in the Air Force NCO School in Karlsruhe and the famous litchfield Barracks in Berlin.
In World War I, Goering first served in the army and then became a pilot. He performed reconnaissance plane and bomber missions and finally became a fighter pilot. After the war, Goering became a famous ace pilot and served as the commander of the famous Richthofen squadron.
19 15, Goering began to take part in flight training in Frejborg, and was later assigned to the 5th flight squadron. Soon his plane was shot down, so Goering had to rest in the rear for most of the year. 1916165438+10, Goering returned to the air force and came to the 26th squadron. 19 17, Goering was awarded the Prussian Medal of Merit. 1965438+On July 7th, 2008, after the death of Manfred von Richthofen, a famous pilot, Goering became the captain of Richthofen squadron (Jasta 1 1). Finally, he became Germany's ace pilot with his impressive record of shooting down 22 enemy planes. By the way, Goering is the only member who has not been invited to join Jasta 1 1 Squadron's post-war fraternity.
1965438+In June 2007, in a long and fierce air battle, Goering shot down an inexperienced Australian pilot, Frank Sri. This battle was later called "The Rise of Hermann G?ring" in an exaggerated way. After the battle, Goering met his opponent and awarded him the Iron Cross. A few years later, Sri gave this medal to a friend who died on the beach when landing in Normandy.
After World War I, Goering continued to serve in the Air Force, mainly in Fokker Aircraft Company, as a test pilot of aerobatics. 1920 joined Swedish Airlines Svenska Lufttrafik. At the same time, he was also an officer of the German Defence Force after World War I. 1933 was promoted to the rank of major general, and 1935 was awarded the rank of lieutenant general. Shortly after the establishment of the German Air Force, Goering became an air force general.
While working in Stockholm, Goering met Karin von Kanzo (1888-193 1 year), and soon they formally got married. 193 1 year, shortly after his wife died, Goering married the actress Emmy Sonaman.
political career
As early as 1922, Goering joined the Nazi Party and became the commander of the Nazi stormtroopers (German: Oberste SA-Führer). After that, after he left this post, he still maintained the rank of general in the stormtroopers until 1945.
1928, Goering became a member of the german parliament, and served as the speaker of the parliament from 1932 to 1933. He played an important role in the integration process of Nazi party's establishment of dominant position.
In the early days, Goering also served as several ministers in Prussia and the Empire, in charge of economy and army building. 1935, Goering served as commander-in-chief of the German Air Force. 1939, he became the first German air marshal in history. 1941On June 29th, Hitler issued a decree to designate Goering as his successor, and awarded him the highest rank of Nazi Germany-Marshal of the Empire. The rank of Imperial Marshal was specially created for Goering, which made Goering's position surpass the marshal of all German services.
According to the confession of General Franz Hadl in the Nuremberg trial, Goering planned the arson of the Berlin Parliament Building 1933, not the instigation of the producers of * * *. Hadl's confession said, "At Hitler's birthday luncheon on 1942, Goering patted his thigh excitedly and said,' Only I really know the Reichstag, because I set the fire.' "。 But Goering denied this statement at the Nuremberg trial.
Goering in Nuremberg trial "As soon as I hear the word culture, I will pick up my Browning (a famous pistol brand)" is well known by the world as Goering's famous saying. However, in fact, whether Goering said this sentence or not, he was not the original creator of this sentence. Hans yost, a German playwright, wrote in the first act of the play, "As soon as I heard' culture', I reached for my gun." Besides Goering, rudolf hess often said this sentence.
Goering is also famous for his love of luxury life and gorgeous clothes. Goering married Karinhall, widow of the Swedish Baron, and built a Prussian-style manor in her name. Goering is also obsessed with aristocratic handicrafts. During Nazi Germany's occupation, he sought many precious handicrafts from various countries and took them for himself. Although Goering was handsome and healthy when he was young, Goering, who was injured in the beer hall incident, relied on narcotic painkillers such as morphine for the rest of his life. This is also one of the reasons why Goering became increasingly obese later.
During the second world war
After the outbreak of World War II, Goering vigorously promoted the German Air Force to launch an air battle with Britain. As a result, the result of British air combat not only did not make Britain surrender, but greatly weakened the strength of the German Air Force. Coupled with the failure of the German Air Force and the anti-bombing in the Soviet-German War, Goering's influence in the Nazi leadership was greatly weakened. In addition, Goering's extravagant and erosive personal habits also made him unpopular among German high-level.
Because Goering successfully led the German Air Force in the wars against France and the Low Countries, Goering became the only general awarded the Grand Cross by Hitler in World War II. Hitler only wore medals won during the First World War. On the contrary, Goering had an extraordinary interest in medals.
In addition, Goering was also a supporter of the German Herman Goering Division, which fought on the front line many times with mixed results. Goering was also the commander of Forschungsamt, a Nazi underground telephone and radio communication organization. This organization has links with the SS, secret police, anti-espionage agencies and other spy agencies.
Goering was also responsible for the development and utilization of industrial resources in occupied areas such as the Soviet Union, but it was not successful. Many war resources that should have been fully utilized did not play a big role in the Nazi war machine. On the contrary, he himself actively plundered a large number of precious works of art and wealth from occupied European countries.
Goering was the highest Nazi official who signed the final settlement of the Jewish problem. At that time, he sent a memo to reinhard heydrich, one of the SS leaders, to organize specific action steps.
1On April 23rd, 945, Goering sent a telegram from Berchtesgaden to Hitler who was in Berlin, hoping that Hitler would authorize him to take charge of all state affairs, and suggested negotiating with the Allies. Hitler became angry from embarrassment and thought it was the most serious treason, so in his last wish before committing suicide, he declared that Goering and Himmler would be relieved of all their official positions. On April 25th, Goering was arrested.
Nuremberg trials and suicides
1On May 8, 945, Goering of Austria announced his surrender. He was also the highest-ranking general among German officials attending the Nuremberg trial. Although he tried his best to defend himself, he was sentenced to death. The court declared his behavior outrageous and unforgivable. After the verdict, Goering entrusted his brother Alberto Goering to take care of his wife and daughter. Because he didn't want to be executed by his enemy, he chose to take potassium cyanide to commit suicide the night before hanging himself. It is still impossible to find out where Goering got it and how he kept these deadly poisons throughout the trial. In the1950s, SS officer erich von Bach claimed that he had given him poison before executing Goering, but his statement was not recognized much. Modern historical research speculates that Goering met an American officer who guarded him, who helped him hide the poison hidden in his carry-on luggage. In 2005, a retired American soldier named Herbert Lee Stevers claimed that he fell in love with a German woman and helped her give Goering a pen with poison in it. The soldier served in the 26th Company of the 1st Infantry Division of the United States, and was in charge of the Nuremberg trial guards. He claimed that he didn't know there was poison in the pen he brought in until Goering committed suicide successfully. [ 1]
Goering's body was later cremated and his ashes were scattered into the Issa River.
Goering's last days
Goering spent his last years in prison with Gustav Gilbert, a German-speaking spy and psychologist who acted as a liaison between judges and war criminals in the Nuremberg trials. Later, Gilbert published the book Nuremberg Trial based on his observations and memories during the trial. The following chapters are selected from the book and record Goering's performance observed by Gilbert on the evening of April 1946. At that time, the trial was postponed for three days because of Easter.
"Goering looked restless in his room. He kept wiping his sweat, looked very alert and depressed, and was very dissatisfied with the ongoing trial. He once said that he could not control what the Nazis did, denied that he was an anti-Semitic, and even denied that he was involved in these atrocities. However, some Jews offered to expose his lies. "
But albert speer reported that after Hungarian Jewish survivors testified, he heard Goering say, "Oh, my God. How can Jews stay? I thought we got rid of them. It seems that someone has slipped away again. "
Goering's famous saying
"Guns will make us stronger, and butter will only make us fat."