Pineapple is a perennial herbaceous fruit tree plant belonging to the genus Bromeliaceae, with rapid vegetative growth and short production cycle. It can grow all year round in areas where the annual average temperature is above 23 degrees Celsius.
Pineapple fruit is rich in nutrition. In addition to reducing sugar, sucrose, protein, crude fiber and organic acid, pulp also contains vitamin C, carotene, thiamine, nicotinic acid and other essential vitamins. And trace elements such as calcium, iron and magnesium that are easily absorbed by the human body. The protease contained in pineapple juice, peel and stem can help protein digest and increase appetite; Medically, it has the functions of treating various inflammations, dyspepsia, diuresis, dredging menstruation and expelling worms, and has certain medical effects on nerves and intestines and stomach.
Pineapple, pineapple family, pineapple genus. Originated in Brazil and Argentina. South China can be cultivated in the open field for fruit production or viewing.
(1) Morphological characteristics: perennial evergreen plant. The leaves are clustered, rosette-shaped, sword-shaped, slightly concave at the top, prickly at the edge and gray-green. Inflorescence terminal, bracts green, flowers blue-purple. The fruit is fleshy, sweet and delicious, and it is a famous fruit.
Its horticultural ornamental varieties are A.C.' variegatus', also known as spotted pineapple, colored pineapple and Phnom Penh pineapple, which are edible pineapples and commonly known as pineapples. Yan pineapple has 30 ~ 50 leaves, about 50 cm long and 3 cm wide. The leaves are green on the front, gray-green on the back, with milky yellow and red stripes on the edge, and the inflorescence is oval, that is, the red fruit-pineapple.
(2) Habit: I like a warm, humid and sunny environment. I like loose, breathable, well-drained and slightly acidic soil.
(3) Cultivation management: the optimum temperature in summer is 25 ~ 30℃, the optimum temperature in winter is 15 ~ 18℃, and the minimum temperature cannot be lower than 12℃. When the temperature is high, you can spray water on plants. Soft sunshine makes the leaves more beautiful.
You can water a lot during the growth period, and at the same time fill some water in the lotus leaf tube. After each watering, water it again when the soil is dry. Don't overdo it. Potted soil should be slightly dry in winter.
Fertilize once every two weeks during the vigorous growth period from May to September. In addition, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer should be applied twice.
Change the pot in March-April every year. Potted substrates need not only rich humus and fertility, but also loose, breathable, well-drained and slightly acidic soil. You can buy mixed culture medium, or you can prepare evenly mixed pot soil according to the following formula: humus soil (or peat soil) 1/2 ~ 3/4, river sand (not too fine)1/4 ~12, and mix 3% ~ 5% decomposed chicken manure.
(4) Propagation: It can be propagated by tillers or terminal buds. Tillering propagation can be carried out when changing pots in spring. Dig out the mother plant, cut off the tillering young plants on both sides of the mother plant with a sharp knife, and then plant them in a small pot with half sand and half soil, keep them moist and at a temperature of about 25℃, and take root and grow leaves. This breeding method is commonly used. Terminal bud propagation, that is, cutting off the leaves at the top of the fruit, cutting them into sand beds, and transplanting them after rooting. Before planting, the incision should be air-dried for a few days to prevent rot, and the temperature should be kept at about 25℃, 1 month to take root.
(5) Pests and diseases: generally, there are few pests and diseases. Leaf blight and brown spot are harmful. Spraying 25% carbendazim 1000 times at onset. If there are scale insects, 80% dichlorvos EC 1000 times should be sprayed during the larval incubation period.
(6) Application: Potted plants are displayed in halls, windowsills and other places for viewing because of their green leaves and gorgeous inflorescences. They are dual-purpose plants for flower viewing and leaf viewing.