prunes have the effect of thirst, spleen and stomach, eating not only no harm to the spleen and stomach, and there is a detoxification of the effect of cold. The "Compendium of Materia Medica" records that? Yangmei can quench thirst, and the five organs, can cleanse the intestines and stomach, in addition to the troubled and evil gas. Yangmei fruit, nucleus, root, skin can be used as medicine, the nature of flat, non-toxic. The kernel can cure foot fungus, the root can stop bleeding and gas; bark wine can cure bruises, swelling and pain. With white wine soaked prunes, summer season, eating will feel the gas Shu God refreshing, summer relief. When diarrhea, take the prunes boiled thick soup to drink to stop the leakage, has the effect of astringency. Yangmei has digestion, dehumidification, summer heat, cough, digestive, cold, antidiarrheal, diuretic, cholera prevention and other medical functions and a variety of functions, there are? Fruit agate? reputation.

Yangmei is rich in vitamin C, glucose, fructose, citric acid, sweet and sour flavor; in addition, Yangmei is rich in potassium, a lot of sweating in the summer can play a potassium effect. From the food flavor, prunes warm, sweet and sour taste, into the lungs, stomach, two meridians, there is a thirst, and stomach digestion, vomiting dysentery and other effects.

Yangmei planting techniques

1 woodland selection and land preparation. Yangmei like wet and shade, large crown, root distribution, Yangmei garden requirements to build in the altitude of less than 800 meters, the slope is less than 45 degrees, humus layer thick, pH value of 4.5-5.5 acidic yellow soil, red and yellow loam, to the shade and ventilation, easy to intensive management, convenient transportation, mountains, hills, light is not strong, the soil is deep place. Climatic conditions are subtropical humid monsoon climate. Under the microclimate conditions of greater light radiation, sufficient heat, higher cumulative temperature in winter and spring, and moderately low precipitation distribution in summer and fall, high quality and productivity are more significant. Land preparation should be adapted to the local conditions and completed between November and March before planting. Slope is small, the slope is gentle woodland, open the ring hill terraces or terraces dug holes; slope is larger, the terrain is complex woodland, also dug 1 meter square fish scale holes or triangular holes, in the later nurturing gradually changed to a narrow strip of terraces.

2, planting. Yangmei planting time is generally in late February to mid-March when temperatures have begun to warm up, it is best to choose to carry out in cloudy or drizzly days, when the planting of a single plant survival rate is high. Variety selection should be based on different geographical areas, early, medium and late-maturing varieties reasonably collocation, suitable for planting in our province are water chestnut species and Dongkui prunes. Select robust, rich root system, no pests and diseases of high-quality Yangmei grafted seedlings, in the dug hole filled with rotted stable fertilizer 10-15 kg plus charcoal mud ash 5-10 kg, moderately shallow planting, and then cultivated around the plant on a small soil border and timely mulching, so as not to expose the roots. Yangmei dioecious, planting needs to be matched with 1-2% of the male plant for pollination.

3, fertilizer management. When the woodland can be interplanted annual vegetables, medicine or green manure to improve soil fertility. Young trees to fast-acting fertilizer-based, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium with the application of perennial fertilizer 2-3 times. Adult trees are fertilized twice a year, the first time in the late winter and early spring before sprouting, plant-by-plant root application of farmyard manure or calcium superphosphate 1-2 kg; or 1 kg of potassium sulfate per plant plus 0.2 kg of urea, or 0.25 kg of urea plus 15-20 kg of coke mud ash. Mulch after application. The second time is in the fruit, accounting for 50-55% of the annual fertilizer, according to the principle of more results more fertilizer, plant by plant in the canopy drip line under the 10-20 cm ditch, 0.5-1 kg of nitrogen fertilizer, 0.3-0.5 kg of phosphorus, potash and 30-50 kg of soil fertilizer mulch. The fleshy roots of the prunus tree are easily damaged, so avoid injuring the roots when opening trenches and digging holes. Fruit development can also be applied to the foliar fertilizer, can be sprayed 0.2-0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate or 0.3% potassium sulfate, etc. l-2 times. In addition, do a good job of soil improvement, exclude waterlogging and other work to ensure that the quality of prunes, high yield.

4, plastic pruning. Yangmei tree shape to natural round head shape. The pruning of young trees is mainly to set the trunk modeling, cultivate early fruitful and productive tree. Generally used? A stem three main branches? Natural open-ended crown. That is, the new shoots sprouted after the drying, select and retain 3-4 strong growth, orientation distribution uniformity, a certain distance between each other (about 20-30 cm) branches for the main branch, and in the main branch to select and retain 2-3 secondary branches or side branches, so that the distribution is reasonable, distinct, in 3-5 years the basic formation of the skeleton of the tree crown. Adult tree pruning is mainly to cultivate productive group structure, regulate the relationship between growth and fruiting, and promote sustained, high quality and high yield. Plastic pruning is divided into summer pruning (opening angle, centering, twisting, wiping buds, pulling branches, taking branches, carving and peeling, etc.), winter pruning (thinning and deleting, retracting, short cutting).

5. Artificial control of growth and results (1), suppression of tips to promote flowers and fruit. For more than 5 years of vigorous growth potential of the unproductive trees, the first results of young trees and growth potential of strong results of few adult trees, in the strengthening of cultivation management at the same time, in October to the following year in March (in November for the most appropriate period) soil application of polyazole. Methods for: the canopy projection area of the soil peeled to see the degree of fine roots, will be quantitative doxorubicin and about 30 times the fine soil mixed and evenly spread in the canopy, and then mulch; or in the pre-bloom spray 800pp doxorubicin, inhibit the spring tips to protect the flowers and fruits, end of the flowering period of the spray 20-30ppm ruderalis to chemical fruit protection, spray 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution, sprayed every 10 days, sprayed twice, to improve the rate of fruiting. 5-year-olds, the first year of life of the tree is the first year of life of the tree. Young trees under 5 years old should not be applied. Soil application can only be carried out once every 4-5 years, leaf application should also be carried out once every 1-2 years. (2) Thinning flowers and fruits. Generally in February to mid-March, the flower bud differentiation of too many trees, the whole tree uniformly short cut fruiting branches 1/5-2/5, at the same time each plant to apply urea and other fast-acting nitrogen 0.5-1 kg, to promote the development of nutrient tops; or in the full bloom period with? The first thing you need to do is to use a good amount of urea. Thinning 6?100 mg/kg liquid for chemical thinning. Thinning more than 20 days after the blossom, according to the number of fruits hanging in the tree, the right amount, generally more sparse crown less stay, the lower part of the less sparse more stay, usually 2-3 times; can also be flexible depending on the tree situation.

6, timely batch harvesting Yangmei fruit maturity is not consistent, need to be harvested in batches. In the whole tree 20% of the fruit is ripe when you can start picking, generally every day or every other day to pick 1 time. Early in the morning or evening harvesting is appropriate, avoid rainy days or rain after the first clearing when harvesting. Yangmei fruit without pericarp protection, very easy to bruise, should be light picking, light put, light transportation. The fruit harvested in the bottom and surrounded by fresh ferns or firewood lined with small bamboo baskets or small bamboo baskets, with the pick and pack, to reduce extrusion. Each basket (Luo) should not exceed 5 kilograms, in order to facilitate the fruit intact, fresh, good sales.

7, pest control. The strong resistance of prunes, pests and diseases rarely occur. However, due to ecological changes in the wide range of seedling exchanges, according to local conditions to improve the observation of pests and diseases and integrated control is also very necessary. The main insect pests are long white mealybugs, leaf roller moths and bag moths. The main diseases are brown spot disease, cancerous disease, and so on. Prevention and control methods. Strengthen the cultivation management, enhance the tree; timely cut off diseased and dead branches; do a good job of winter garden clearing, remove fallen leaves and weeds, centralized burning. Pharmaceutical control: carcinoma disease, can be in the spring and autumn after the seasonal rains, first with a fast knife to remove the tumor, and then in the wound coated with ?402 antimicrobial agent ?50-10 times liquid, or agricultural streptomycin 200 ppm for disinfection and protection, and then coated again after 15 days. Brown spot disease, the early onset of 50% carbendazim 500-600 times liquid or 70% metribuzin 800 times liquid or 65% diclofenac zinc 600 times liquid, spraying the crown, 7-10 and then sprayed again, sprayed 2-3 times.

The market development prospects of Yangmei

Yangmei has a high nutritional value and is a natural green health food. Yangmei grows in the mountains away from the big city, very little or no pollution by the atmosphere, cultivation and management of rough, less disease and insect hazards, with ? Green pollution-free fruit? The reputation.

Yangmei is widely used, the market potential is huge. Yangmei beautiful posture, leaf color green, 15 years old about the robust Yangmei crown, has been used as an ornamental greening seedlings garden project. The branches and leaves of prunus branches and leaves are green in winter and do not fall off, so they have been used by fresh cut flower stores as matching leaves (cut leaves) in winter, and also exported to Japan. The fresh branches and leaves of prunus are not easy to burn, so they can be planted as forest firebreaks to prevent forest fires. Leaves, roots and branches of prunes are rich in tannins (content of up to 10% to 19%), which can be extracted flavonoids and essential oils, used as russet and medical astringent. The kernel of prunes contains vitamin B17, which is an anticancer substance, but also contains 32% crude protein, crude fat 21%, known as high protein, high vegetable fat food, can be fried or oil. In addition, prunes have digestion, cold, summer, diarrhea, diuretic, dysentery, as well as thirst, clearing the stomach and intestines, in addition to the annoyance of indignation and other medicinal value of China's medical profession has a high evaluation.

China's western region, prune production prospects. China's Guizhou, Yunnan, Sichuan, Guangxi, Hunan and other western mountainous areas in the 1980s from Zhejiang introduced a large number of successful test planting of prunes. Especially in Yunnan and Guizhou, due to the spring rainfall is low, while the summer rainfall more natural conditions, more adapted to the growth and results of the prunes, the performance of the maturity period earlier, the quality becomes better. Such as Guiyang, Guizhou Province, the altitude of 3000 meters below the distribution of prunes, the longest tree age of more than 600 years, the highest yield of about 2000 kilograms. Yunnan's Fumin County and Shiping County, the introduction of planting 100,000 acres of prunes, becoming a new economic growth point in the region. As the region's prunes began to bear fruit earlier, better quality, longer storage period, lower production costs, higher economic benefits. The country's 3.2 million mu of prune area, 90% in the coastal provinces, less than 10% in the central and western, therefore, the western development of prune production, the prospects are very broad.

Yangmei can also promote the healthy development of tourism and other leading industries, the opening of Yangmei sightseeing area, into the garden picking Yangmei? Activities to attract guests.

Whether it is fresh fruit, or processed products, prunes are very competitive fruit in the international market in China. Most of the high-quality prune fruits are still mainly fresh sales, through the prune preservation technology, not only to extend the local sales period, but also exported to the north of China as well as exports. Prunes can also be processed into dried prunes, prune juice, prune preserves, prune wine, etc., very popular in the international market. Such as Ningbo Xiangshan's ? Yongcheng? Dried prunes red wine, in the 90th Canton Fair, Malaysia, Singapore and other foreign favor, signed a sales order of 10 million yuan.

With the continuous development of science and technology, the breeding of varieties, quality improvement, the maturity period of the lengthening as well as packaging, preservation and the emergence of the processing industry, regardless of the domestic and international markets, the market prospects of prunes are very broad.

Yangmei in Chaoshan also circulated a song of poignant and beautiful legend. It is said that, in ancient times, there is a sister-in-law two people dependent on each other for life, the sister-in-law dexterous, good embroidery flowers, only because of Yangmei flowers bloom period is very short and has not yet learned. One year, on New Year's Eve, the aunt went up to the mountain to observe the shape of the blossoming plums, but unfortunately she was killed by a tiger. Her sister-in-law went up the mountain the next day to look for her, and called out for her, but when she saw traces of blood, she realized that she had been killed by a tiger, and then she called out "Auntie" in a broken voice. Auntie? Tiger, Auntie? Tiger? The story goes on and on, calling out to her aunt, who had been killed by a tiger. This is the origin of the Chaoshan folk tale "The Bird of the Aunt". To this day, when the plums are produced, there will be the "Auntie Bird". When the plums are produced, there will be a bird that flies to the hill of Yangmei and cries. will fly to the hill of Yangmei and call "Guhu, Guhu, Guhu". It is heartbreaking to hear it.

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