Key points of licorice planting methods
Cultivation method
1. Soil selection: The planted Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch should be planted in sandy soil with groundwater level below 1.50m, good drainage conditions, soil thickness greater than 2m, no hardened layer inside, and PH value around 8, which is convenient for irrigation. It's best to dig in autumn. If it is too late to turn over in autumn, it can also be turned over in spring. However, it is necessary to ensure soil moisture, break up sundries and level the ground, otherwise it will affect the whole seedling.
2. Variety selection and seed treatment: Improved varieties are the internal factors for obtaining high yield of Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch. In China, Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch and Glycyrrhiza inflata Fisch are generally selected as the main varieties. For example, if seeds are used as sowing materials, the seeds are ground with a rice cooker before sowing, or the seeds are weighed and placed in a ceramic basin, and 30 ml of 80% concentrated sulfuric acid is added according to 1 kg, then the seeds are repeatedly stirred with a smooth wooden stick, sealed at 20℃ for 7 hours, washed with clear water for many times, and dried for later use, and the germination rate can reach over 90%.
3. Sowing: Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch can be sowed in spring, summer and autumn, with the best sowing in May in summer. At this time, the temperature is high, the seedlings emerge quickly, and there is a long growth period before winter. Before sowing, apply high-quality farmyard manure 4000 kg/mu and diammonium phosphate 35 kg/mu as base fertilizer. If seeds are used for sowing, the sowing method can be better by drilling or hole sowing. The sowing amount is 2-2.50 kg/mu, the row spacing is 30-40 cm, the plant spacing 15 cm, the sowing depth is 2.50-3 cm, and each hole has 3-5 seeds. After sowing, cover the soil and rake it flat.
Tiantuan management
(1) Fertilization: In the second and third years, 25 kilograms of diammonium phosphate is applied per mu before emergence in spring. Ditching is applied to the side of the row 10 cm depth, and the ditch depth is 15 cm, and the soil is covered after fertilization.
(2) Irrigation: irrigate 3-4 times in the year of sowing, and the irrigation amount is generally 85 cubic meters per mu. The first irrigation 1 time is about 1 month after emergence, and then every 1 month, and the wintering water is irrigated in the middle, second, third and fourth years of1month.
(3) Intercropping: When licorice seedlings grow to 15cm, they can be intercropped with a spacing of 15cm, and about 20,000 seedlings can be protected per mu.
(4) Intertillage and weeding: Generally, intertillage is 3-4 times in the year of sowing, and the number of intertillage can be reduced appropriately in the future. Combined with intertillage, weeds in fields such as dodder are mainly eliminated.
(5) Seed collection: If artificial cultivation is adopted, seeds must be collected every year, and flowers and fruits near branches can be picked during flowering and pod setting to obtain large and full seeds. It is best to change the seeds in the pod from green to brown, that is, the middle stage of sizing, when the hard seed rate is low, the treatment is simple and the seedling rate is high. Seed collection time should not be too early, otherwise the germination rate of seeds will be affected after sowing, resulting in lack of seedlings and broken ridges.
control of insect
Rusty
After being invaded by fungi, yellow-brown blister spots appear on the back of leaves, and brown powder is emitted after being broken, which is a multi-spore pile and compound spore of pathogenic bacteria, and a brown-black winter spore pile is formed in August and September.
Prevention and cure: collect the diseased plants and burn them. Spraying 0.3-0.4 baume stone sulfur mixture or 400 times 97% antirust steel solution at the initial stage.
(2) Brown spot disease
After being infected by fungi, the leaves produce round and irregular lesions, with gray-brown center and brown edges, and gray-black molds on both sides of the lesions.
Prevention and control methods: centralized incineration of diseased plants. Initial spraying1:1:1~16o bordeaux solution or 70% thiophanate-methyl wettable powder 1500 ~ Z000 times solution.
(3) powdery mildew
After fungal infection with Fusarium oxysporum, white powder was produced on the front and back of leaves.
Control method: spray 0.2-0.3 baumeishi sulfur mixture. 0.2-0.5 baume stone sulfur mixture and rice soup or flour slurry can be sprayed.
(4) Aphids
Also known as honey worms and moths, adults and nymphs suck the juice of stems and leaves, which will lead to yellowing of stems and leaves in severe cases.
Prevention and control methods: clear the garden in winter and bury plants and fallen leaves deeply. Spray 50% acetaminophen 1000 ~ 2000 times every 7 ~ 1000 days, 40% dimethoate 1500 ~ 2000 times or 80% dichlorvos 1500 times continuously.
(5) Starscream
It occurs around August, and it is seriously harmful around September, mainly eating leaves and inflorescences. After the leaves were killed, the color changed from green to yellow and finally withered. This kind of insect mostly hides on the back of leaves.
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