(A) edible varieties

1. Pearl of Csaba

(Pearl of Csaba)

The Department of European species. Native to Hungary, 1904 with the Hungarian rose and Onto rose hybridization breeding, for the world's famous early maturity of the best varieties.

The tips are yellowish-green with reddish margins and medium pile. Young leaves are orange-yellow, with sparse tomentum on the upper surface and medium tomentum on the lower surface. Leaves small or moderately large, spreading, rounded; upper surface smoother, lower surface prickly hairs on leaf veins medium; 3-5-lobed. Upper lobe shallow, open, base U-shaped. Leaf margin serrations bilaterally convex. Petiole pits narrowly arched or closed-elliptic, base V-shaped. Flowers bisexual. Fruiting spikes moderately large, averaging 200-250g, conical, moderately dense. Fruit kernels medium large, average weight 1.9-3.2g; suborbicular; yellowish green, light yellow when fully ripe; thin skin, flesh slightly brittle, juicy, medium rose flavor, soluble solids content 12%-15%, acid content 0.5%-0.8%, sweet and sour taste. Fruiting branch rate of 65%-80%, an average of 1.2-1.3 spikes per fruiting branch. Fruit ripening in mid-July to early August, ripening more consistent. It takes 100-115 days from budding to full ripening of fruit. The tree's strength is moderate.

Excellent quality, strong disease resistance, medium yield. But the fruit skin is thin, easy to crack the fruit when ripening in case of rainy weather.

2. Early rose

European grape species. By the Northwest Agricultural College in 1963 with the Rose x Shaba Pearl cross-breeding.

Tip white-green, edge bright red, downy in. Young leaves are orange-red, with prickly hairs on the lower surface. Leaves small or moderately large, suborbicular, upper surface with reticulate bumps, lower surface with dense prickly hairs on veins; upper cleft shallow or medium, open or slightly overlapping, base V-shaped. Flowers bisexual. Fruiting spike moderately large, weighing 210-290g, largest spike weighing 265g, conical, dense. Fruit kernels are medium-large, weighing 3.2-3.6g on average, with the largest kernel weighing 5.6g, round, purplish-red, with thick pollen and medium-thick pericarp; the flesh is thick and juicy, containing 14%-16% soluble solids and 0.7%-0.9% acidity, with a sweet and sour taste and a strong rose flavor. Each fruit contains 1-4 seeds, with 2 more. Fruiting branch rate 70%-80%, average 1.3-1.5 spikes per fruiting branch. Fruits ripen in mid-July in Guanzhong area of Shaanxi; ripen at the end of July in Taigu County of Shanxi. It takes 105 days from budding to full fruit maturity. The tree is weak, with short internodes.

This variety is the earliest fruit ripening variety in China at present, with beautiful appearance of fruit spikes, top quality, medium disease resistance, suitable for easy mountain sandy loam soil and irrigated places to cultivate, and suitable for small crown dense planting.

3. Phoenix 51

European grapes. 1975 Dalian Agricultural Research Institute hybridization breeding, parentage unknown.

The tip of the tip is grayish-white, in the velvet. Young leaves are orange-yellow, with reddish-brown margins, sparse tomentum on the upper surface and medium tomentum on the lower surface. Leaves moderately large, ovate-orbicular, spreading or slightly revolute, upper surface smooth, lower surface densely tomentose, 5-7-lobed, upper lateral fissures deep, leaf margin serrations bilaterally convex, petiole pitted and arched. Flowers bisexual, fruiting spikes medium or large, average weight 350-420g, conical, very dense. Fruit grains are very large, average weight 7-8.7 g. Purple-red, nearly round to flat round, fruit surface has 3-4 grooves; pericarp is medium thick; flesh is slightly crispy, juicy, sugar content 13%-18%, acid content 0.6% or so, sweet and sour taste. Each fruit has 2-3 seeds. Fruiting branch rate 58.8%, average 2 spikes per fruiting branch. Fruits ripen in Dalian in early August, one week later than Sabah Pearl, a very early variety. The tree's strength is moderate.

The fruit grains are very large and of good quality, and are an important very early-maturing fresh variety.

4. Zana

(Zana)

European species. 1975 from Albania to China.

The tips are yellow-green. Young leaves are orange-yellow with purplish-red, without tomentum. Leaves moderately large, suborbicular to ovoid, upper surface smooth, lower surface with sparse prickly hairs, 5-lobed, upper lobe y incised, slightly overlapping, base V-shaped, leaf margin serrations bilaterally straight; petiole pits arching, or open elliptic, base U-shaped. Flowers bisexual. Fruiting spikes large, average weight 360-850g, largest spike up to 1100g, conical, often with secondary spikes, moderately dense or loose. Fruit grains are large to very large, average weight 6.4-10.2g, maximum grain weight 17g, round or oval, pink, thin fruit powder; pericarp moderately thick; flesh is crispy, light flavor, slightly fragrant, soluble solids 14%-18%, acid content 0.65% or so, sweet and sour taste. The quality is medium to high. Each fruit contains 1-4 seeds, with 2 more. Fruiting branch rate 50%-83%, average 1.2-1.7 spikes per fruiting branch. The fruit ripens in early August. It takes 115-120 days from budding to full ripening of fruit, and is an early-maturing variety. The tree is strong.

Large spikes, large grains, beautiful appearance, early maturity, high yield, but easy to crack the fruit, not resistant to powdery mildew and black pox disease. When the load is too large, it is easy to drop flowers and fruits.

5. Lizamat

(Ризамат)

European grapes. Alias rose milk. The former Soviet Union, Ogenko and other crossbreeding with Kagan and Balkent, first introduced into our country in 1961.

Leaves moderately large, suborbicular, smooth and glabrous; 3-5-lobed, upper lobe y or moderately; leaf margin serrations bilaterally straight; petiole pits open, elliptic, base V-shaped. Flowers bisexual, fruiting spikes large to very large, averaging 650-1000 g, branched conical, moderately dense. The fruit is very large, weighing 10.4-12g on average, cylindrical, light red, purplish-red when fully ripe, with extremely thin skin and crispy thick flesh, containing 10%-14% sugar and about 0.6% acid, with a sweet flavor. Each fruit contains 2-3 seeds. In Jinan City, Shandong Province, the fruit is fully ripe at the beginning of August, for early maturity varieties. The tree is strong.

Fruit spikes, fruit are large, beautiful appearance, good quality, is an excellent early fresh varieties. But the tree is strong, disease resistance is poor, it is appropriate to use a large hedge or trellis cultivation in dry climate areas.

6. Rose

(Muscat Hamburg)

European grapes. Native to England. Snow in 1860 with black Khan and Alexander hybridization breeding. Introduced to China more than a hundred years ago.

Tips gray-white, downy in. Young leaves orange-yellow with purplish-red, the upper surface of the tomentum in, the lower surface of the tomentum dense. Leaves medium-large, suborbicular, light green, wrinkled; upper surface smoother, upper surface mixed hairs in; 5-lobed, upper lobe profound, closed or open, base V-shaped, leaf margin serrations bilaterally straight or one side convex and one side concave; petiole pits arching, sagittal or closed elliptic, base V-shaped. Flowers bisexual. Fruiting spikes moderately large or large, averaging 150-200g, conical or branched, moderately dense or loose. Fruit grains large, average weight about 5g, purplish red, thick fruit powder, medium thick skin; flesh juicy medium, juice colorless. Rose flavor is strong; soluble solids 15%-19%, acid content 0.6%-0.7%, sweet and sour taste. Fruits with normal development contain 2-3 seeds, yellowish brown, with long beak, and oval, raised chalazal points. Small fruits are seedless. Fruiting branch rate of 70% -90%, an average of 1.5 spikes per fruiting branch, fruit ripening from late August to late September, from budding to full maturity of the fruit to 140-150 days, for the late-maturing varieties. It is a medium-late maturing variety.

Rose fragrance fruit grain, excellent quality, in good management conditions is very productive, and therefore is the world's famous excellent varieties of table grapes. If the management of sloppy, insufficient water and fertilizer, easy to cause blossom and fruit drop, and the emergence of small fruit grains, seriously affecting the yield. Cold and disease resistance is weak.

7. White Rose

(Muscat of Allexandria)

Also known as the White Rose, Alexandria. Belongs to the European grape. Native to the Arabian Peninsula, cultivated in Egypt since ancient times, now spread around the world.

The tree is of medium strength. Young leaves are reddish, slightly woolly, adult leaves are large, heart-shaped, moderately thick, 5-lobed, shallowly fissured, with a dense green surface. Fruit spikes are conical, weighing 530g on average, with the largest having 1000g. Fruits are ellipsoid or obovate, with large grains, weighing about 8g on average, with the largest amounting to 10g. The pericarp is greenish-yellow or yellowish-white, thick and tough, with little fruit powder. Flesh firm, little juice, very sweet, with a strong rose flavor, the quality is very top. Each fruit contains 2-4 seeds, seeds and pulp are easy to separate. The ripening period is late September. Cultivation in the summer under hot and dry climatic conditions is desirable.

8. Longan

The European grape. Also known as red grapes, purple grapes, an ancient variety native to China.

Tips yellow-green, downy sparse. Young leaves orange-yellow, reddish-brown edge, downy hairs sparse on the lower surface. Leaves large, oblate, dark green, smooth and glabrous; 3-5-lobed, upper lobe shallow, open, base V-shaped, leaf margin serrations bilaterally convex, petiole pits broadly arched, base U-shaped. Flowers bisexual. Fruiting spikes large, average weight 600-800g, maximum spike weight 1500g, conical or bi-shouldered conical, moderately dense. Fruit grains large, average weight 5-6g, suborbicular or ellipsoid. Purple-red, thick fruit powder, medium thick skin, soft and juicy flesh, colorless juice; soluble solids 15%-20%, acid content 0.6%-1.0%, sweet and sour taste. Average 1.2-1.3 spikes per fruiting branch. Fruit ripening in mid-September to early October, from budding to full maturity of the fruit takes more than 150-160 days, for the late maturity of fresh food and wine varieties. The tree is extremely strong.

Scaffold shaping is extremely productive, cold and drought resistant, saline and alkali resistance is strong, but susceptible to black pox disease.

9. Milk

The European grape. Also known as horse milk (Xinjiang), Xuanhua white grapes, onyx, crisp grapes, white Husayi (former Soviet Union), in our country a long time ago there is cultivation.

Tips yellow-green, downy sparse. Young leaves orange-yellow, tomentless. Leaves moderately large, suborbicular, smooth and glabrous, 5-lobed, upper lobe shallow or medium, open, base V-shaped, leaf margin serrations bilaterally straight, petiole pits sagittal, base U-shaped. Flowers bisexual. Fruiting spike large, average weight 300-800g, oblong-conical or branched, loose. Fruit grains are large, average weight 4.5-6.5g, maximum grain weight 9g, cylindrical, yellow-green to yellow-white; pericarp is thin, flesh is crispy, soluble solids 15%-22%, acid content 0.25%-0.3%, taste is pure sweet. Each fruit grain has 2-3 seeds. Fruiting branch rate of 30%-40%, an average of 1.2-1.4 spikes per fruiting branch. The fruit ripens in late August to early September. It takes 130-140 days from budding to full ripening of the fruit, and is a medium-ripe edible variety. The tree is strong.

Spikes and grains are large, high yield, thin skin, crisp, sweet and refreshing flesh, excellent quality, but resistance to disease and cold resistance is poor, suitable for drought and low rainfall, adequate heat, loose soil ecological conditions.

10. Jumbo

Europe and the United States hybrid. Native to Japan, the Department of Oi Kamikasu in 1937 with the Ishihara early life and Moritani cross-breeding, for tetraploid varieties, introduced into China in 1959.

The shoot tips of the plant are green with dark red, with sparse downy hairs. Young leaves are thick, lusterless, with sparse downy hairs on the upper surface and dense downy hairs on the lower surface. Leaf blade large, suborbicular, blade thick, 3-5-lobed, upper lobe shallow, lower lobe shallow to absent. Serrations large, moderately sharp. Leaf surface lusterless, smoother; leaf surface tomentless, abaxial tomentum moderately dense. Petiole pits narrowly arched. Flowers bisexual. Fruiting spikes large, average spike weight 365g, maximum spike weight 730g; grains large, suborbicular, grain weight 9g, maximum grain weight 13.5g. pericarp thick, purplish-black, with a lot of fruit powder. Flesh soft, with meat sacs, fruit juice, sweet and sour flavor, more obvious strawberry flavor. Seeds and pulp are easy to separate, each fruit contains 1-2 seeds. Strong growth potential.

Large fruit, medium to high quality, strong disease resistance. Flower buds are easy to form, good productivity, but after 3-4 years of fruiting, the fruit drop is serious, and attention must be paid to controlling the yield and regulating the nutrient status.

11. Red honey

European and American hybrids. Native to Japan, is bred from buds found on Igawa 682.

The shoots are green, with medium-dense downy hairs, and the young leaves are thick, with dark reddish green tips, glossy, and very sparse downy hairs on the leaf surface, and very dense downy hairs on the back of the leaf. Adult leaves are large and thick, suborbicular, glossy and tomentless on the leaf surface, densely tomentose abaxially, with large, sharp serrations. 5-lobed, upper lobe y incised, lower lobe moderately incised, petiole pits broadly arched. Flowers bisexual. Fruiting spikes are very large, with an average weight of 600g and a maximum of 1100g, and the spikes are conical. Fruit grains are very large, single fruit weight 13-15g, short ellipsoid. The kernels are more compactly attached. The pericarp is medium-thick, bright red, with a lot of pollen. It is difficult to separate the rind from the flesh, and the flesh is more brittle, with a slight flesh capsule, more juice, yellowish green, light strawberry flavor, sweet taste. Each fruit contains 1-3 seeds, the pulp is easy to separate from the seeds. Strong growth potential. In Shaanxi Guanzhong ripe in late August. The number of growing days from germination to full ripening of the fruit is 137 days, and the effective cumulative temperature is about 3000℃.

Early fruiting, abundant yield, huge grains, bright color, high quality, strong disease resistance, not easily threshed, resistant to storage.

(2) wine varieties

1. Chenin Blanc

(Chenin Blanc)

Eurasian species, for the ancient varieties originating in France, as early as 845 AD has been cultivated. The tips are white-green, with peach-colored edges and medium tomentum. Young leaves are orange-yellow, with medium tomentum on the upper surface and dense tomentum on the lower surface. Leaves medium-sized, suborbicular, upper surface smooth, lower surface densely tomentose; 3-5-lobed, upper lobe shallowly or moderately, open or overlapping, base V-shaped; leaf margin serrations bilaterally convex; petiole pits open, elliptic, base V-shaped. Flowers bisexual. Fruiting spikes moderately large, averaging 280-290 g. Conical, very dense. Fruit kernels are medium large, ellipsoid, weighing 1.6-1.8g on average, yellowish-green, golden yellow when fully ripe; the skin is thin, the flesh is soft and juicy, with a sugar content of 17%-19.3%, an acid content of 0.75%-1.3%, and a sweet and sour taste. Fruiting branch rate of 70%-80%, an average of 1.6 spikes per fruiting branch. Fruit ripening in late August to mid to late September, from budding to full maturity of the fruit needs 140-150 days, for the late maturing varieties. The tree's strength is moderate.

Productive, with high sugar-acid content and medium disease resistance. The wine is light greenish-yellow, clear and transparent, with a strong fruit flavor and elegant honey aroma, taste mellow and harmonious.

2. Riesling

(Riesling, White Riesling)

Eurasian species, native to Germany.

Tips yellow-green, edge red, downy in. Young leaves golden yellow, upper surface medium tomentose, lower surface densely tomentose. Leaves moderately large, suborbicular, with vesicular projections on upper surface, lower surface tomentose medium, 3-5-lobed, upper lobe shallow, open, base U-shaped, leaf margin serrations bilaterally convex; petiole pits closed elliptic or arched, base V-shaped. Flowers bisexual. Fruiting spikes small, averaging 96-122g, cylindrical, some with secondary spikes, dense or very dense. Fruit kernels are medium-large, weighing an average of 1.3-1.5g, suborbicular, yellowish-green, light brown on the sunny side when fully ripe, with black spots on the fruit surface. Fruit skin is thin, juice yield 75%, sugar content 18%-19%, acid content 0.7%-0.9%, sweet flavor. Each fruit contains 2-4 seeds. Fruiting branch rate 85%-90%, average 1.7-2.3 spikes per fruiting branch. Fruit ripening in late August to mid-September, from budding to full maturity of the fruit takes about 140 days, for the medium-late maturity winemaking varieties. The tree's strength is moderate.

High sugar content, medium yield, in the European grape varieties for the cold-resistant type, but thin skin, susceptible to disease. Brewed white wine light greenish-yellow, clarified shiny, fruity, mellow and refreshing, lingering aftertaste, for the brewing of dry white wine of the excellent varieties.

3. Italian Riesling

(Italian Riesling)

Eurasian species, native to Italy. It is also known as Noble Fragrance and Italian Riesling.

Tips yellow-green, edge red, downy in. Young leaves are golden yellow, with medium tomentum on the upper surface and dense tomentum on the lower surface. Leaves moderately large, light green, ovoid or suborbicular, leaf margin slightly curled upward, upper surface smooth, lower surface sparsely tomentose; 3-5-lobed, upper lobe medium or shallow, open, base V-shaped or U-shaped; leaf margin serrations straight on both sides; petiole pits open, arched. Base V-shaped. Flowers bisexual. Fruiting spikes small or moderately large, averaging 150-230 g, cylindrical, with paracordate, dense or very dense. Spike pedicels short. Fruit kernels are medium-large, weighing 1.3-2.2g on average, round or nearly round, yellowish-green, yellow-brown on the sunny side, with black spots on the surface of the fruit; the pericarp is thin, the flesh is soft and juicy, with a juicing rate of 70%-80%, containing soluble solids of 16%-23%, and 0.5%-0.9% acidity, and a sour taste. -0.9%, sweet and sour flavor. There are 3-4 seeds per fruit grain, and the seeds are small. Fruiting branch rate 73%-80%, average 1.7-2.1 spikes per fruiting branch. The fruit ripens in late August to mid-September, and it takes 140-150 days from budding to fruit ripening. The tree's strength is moderate.

Highly adaptable, medium disease resistance, medium to high yield. The white wine produced is straw-yellow in color, crisp and refreshing, full and complete, with a lingering aftertaste and excellent wine quality. It is also a high-quality raw material for making sparkling wine and brandy.

4. Chardonnay

(Chardonnay)

Eurasian species, native to France.

Tips gray-green, slightly reddish edge, tomentose in. Young leaves orange-yellow, glossy, lower surface sparsely tomentose. Leaves moderately large, orbicular or compressed-orbicular, leaf margin slightly curled downward, upper surface slightly rough, with reticulate projections, lower surface sparsely tomentose; 3-5-lobed, upper lateral fissures shallow; open, base V-shaped. Leaf margin serrations bilaterally convex or straight. Petiole pits more arched, base U-shaped, less sagittal, base V-shaped. Flowers bisexual. Fruiting spikes small, averaging 110-125 g, conical often with a secondary spike. Dense or very dense. Fruit grains small and medium-sized, average weight 1.3-2.0g, suborbicular, yellowish green; pericarp medium thick; sugar content 17%-19.6%, acid content 0.57%-0.88%. Fruiting branch rate 84%-95%, average 1.5-1.8 spikes per fruiting branch. The fruit ripens in mid-August to early September. It takes 125-130 days from budding to full maturity of fruit, and is an early-maturing variety. The tree is weak.

Yield is medium. Sugar increases rapidly during fruit ripening and acidity decreases slowly. Fruit resistance to black pox and white rot is medium. The white wine produced is yellowish-green, clarified and translucent, with complete aroma, mellow and harmonized taste, elegant aftertaste, and excellent wine quality.

5. Cabernet Sauvignon

(Cabernet Sauvignon)

Eurasian species, native to France, also known as the solution to the white Na.

Tips light green, edge light red, downy in. Young leaves light orange-yellow, upper and lower surfaces densely tomentose. Leaves moderately large, suborbicular, upper surface rough, with netting raised, lower surface tomentose; 5-lobed, upper lobe deep or very deep, y overlapping, base U-shaped. Characterized by five-pointed plum blossoms because the upper and lower clefts and petiole pits are closed. Bisexual flowers. Fruiting spike moderately large, average weight 150-170g, conical, some with secondary spike. The spikes are medium-tight or loose, with long pedicels. Fruit kernels are medium-large, weighing 1.4-2.1g on average, round, purple-black, with thick pollen; the pericarp is medium-thick; the flesh is soft and juicy. Juice yield 73%-80%, sugar content 16%-20%, acid content 0.6%-0.8%. Each fruit grain has 1-2 seeds. Fruiting rate 75%-83%, average 1.5-1.9 spikes per fruiting branch. Fruits ripen in late August to late September. It takes about 140-150 days from budding to full ripening of fruit. It is a medium-late maturing variety. Tree strength is moderate.

Low or medium yielding, resistant to downy mildew, powdery mildew and anthracnose. The wine is ruby red in color, with a unique flavor and a clear aroma. It is mellow and harmonious, with excellent wine quality.

6. Pinot Noir

(Pinot Noir)

Eurasian species, also known as Pinot Noir, black American wine, native to France.

Tips green and white, edges slightly red, in the tomentum. Young leaves light orange-yellow, upper surface medium tomentose. Lower surface densely tomentose. Leaves moderately large, suborbicular, leaf margins slightly rolled downward. Upper surface vesicularly raised, lower surface sparsely tomentose; 3-5-lobed, upper lobe shallowly or moderately, open, base V-shaped; leaf margin serrations bilaterally convex or straight; petiole pitted sagittal, base V-shaped. Flowers bisexual. Fruiting spikes small, averaging 52-150g, conical, with secondary spikes, dense or very dense. Fruit grains medium-large, average weight 1-1.8g, suborbicular, purple-black, pollen medium-thick; pericarp thin. Juice yield 70%-75%, sugar content 16%-20%, acid content 0.6%-1.0%, average 1.5-1.8 spikes per fruiting branch. Fruit ripening in mid to late August, from budding to fruit fully fully ripe need 130-135 days, for early and medium maturity varieties. The tree's strength is moderate.

More resistant to anthracnose, but susceptible to downy mildew, yield medium. The dry red, dry white and rosé wines made from it have a strong fruity flavor, a refreshing and soft taste, and an elegant aftertaste. In addition, it is also an excellent variety for making champagne and sparkling wine.

7. French Blue

(French Blue)

Eurasian species, also known as French, agate red, native to Austria.

Tips yellow-green, purple-red margins, tomentose in. Young leaves orange-red, with medium-dense mixed hairs on the lower surface. Leaves large, suborbicular, leaf margins slightly outwardly rolled. Leaves dark green, upper surface smoother, lower surface densely prickly hairy only on nerves; 3-5-lobed, upper lobe shallow, open, base V-shaped; leaf margin serrations bilaterally straight; petiole pitted sagittal, base V-shaped; fall leaves red. Flowers bisexual. Fruiting spikes medium-large or large, averaging 180-420 g, conic or dichotomously shouldered-conic, dense or very dense. Grain medium-large, round or suborbicular, blue-black, thickly pollarded. Pericarp medium thick, juice light red, juice yield 75%-78%, containing 17%-20% soluble solids, acid content 0.7%-0.9%. The flavor is sweet and sour. Each fruit contains 3-4 seeds. Fruiting branch rate of 70%-94%, an average of 1.6-1.9 spikes per fruiting branch; fruit ripening in mid- and late August, from budding to full maturity of the fruit needs 130-135 days, for early maturity winemaking varieties. The tree's strength is moderate.

High yield, stable yield, medium disease resistance, rapid accumulation of sugar during fruit ripening, slow reduction of acidity. The wine produced is ruby red in color, with complete aroma, lingering aftertaste and fast maturation. Peeled and fermented, it can also make white wine.

8. Carignan

(Carignane)

Eurasian species, native to Spain.

The tips are yellowish-green, with a peachy-red edge and medium tomentum. Young leaves green, upper surface medium tomentose, lower surface densely tomentose. Leaves large, ovate-orbicular, upper surface with small vesicular projections, lower surface sparsely tomentose; 5-lobed, upper lobe incised in the middle, open, base U-shaped; leaf margin serrations bilaterally straight; petiole pits sagittal or arched, base V-shaped. Flowers bisexual. Fruiting spikes moderately large, average weight 1.6-2.7g, ellipsoid, purple-black, very dense, medium pollen; pericarp moderately thick, flesh soft and juicy, juice yield 81%-88%, containing 14%-17% soluble solids, 1.1%-1.8% acidity, sweet and sour taste. 1.8%, sweet and sour flavor. Each fruit contains 2-4 seeds. Fruiting branch rate 67%-82%, average 1.4-2 spikes per fruiting branch. Fruit ripening in early to late September, from budding to full maturity of the fruit needs 150-155 days, for late-maturing varieties. The tree is strong.

Strong adaptability, easy to cultivate, extremely productive. Wine brewed ruby red, pure flavor, good aftertaste, aroma is also good, peeled fermentation can also be brewed medium-grade white wine. But the variety is susceptible to black pox disease and creeping disease, fruit ripening inconsistency, more green grains, overwintering is poor.

9. White Feather

(Ркацители)

Eurasian species, also known as Erhazijeli, native to Georgia **** and the country.

Tips yellow-green, margins red, tomentose in. Young leaves orange-red, sparsely tomentose on the upper surface, densely tomentose on the lower surface. Leaves moderately large, suborbicular, margins slightly curved upward, funnel-shaped, upper surface reticulate-convex, lower surface tomentose-medium, with prickly hairs; 3-5-lobed, upper lobe shallowly or moderately so, open, base V-shaped; margin serrations bilaterally convex; petiole pits arching and sagittal, base U-shaped or V-shaped. Flowers bisexual. Fruiting spikes moderately large, averaging 150-280 g, terete or conic. Some are branched and moderately dense. Fruit kernels are medium-large, weighing 1.6-2.3g on average, ellipsoid, yellowish-green, with thin skin and 75%-80% juice yield. Containing 15%-19% soluble solids, 0.7%-0.9% acid, 3-4 seeds per kernel. Fruiting branch rate 60%-83%, average 1.3-1.5 spikes per fruiting branch. Fruits ripen at the end of August to the end of September, from budding to full ripening of fruits need 140-160 days, for late-maturing varieties. Tree strength is moderate. The branches are thin and upright.

Medium or high yield, resistant to salinity and black pox, but susceptible to mildew and powdery mildew. The wine is light yellow, clarified and bright, with a pleasing fragrance, positive and refreshing flavor, full-bodied and good aftertaste.

10. North alcohol

Osha hybrid. Department of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing Botanical Garden in 1952 with rose and mountain grape hybridization breeding.

The tips are yellow-green, with light pink margins and dense tomentum. Young leaves are orange-red, densely tomentose on the upper and lower surfaces. Leaves large, suborbicular or elliptic, upper surface rough, covered with vesicular bumps, upper surface with medium-dense prickly hairs; 3-5-lobed, upper lobe shallow or medium, open, base U-shaped or V-shaped, leaf margin serrations bilaterally straight, petiole pits broadly arched, base U-shaped. Flowers bisexual. Fruiting spike medium-large, average weight 200-300g, conical, sometimes with secondary spike, medium-tight or loose. Fruit kernels medium large, average weight 2.4-2.7g, suborbicular, purple-black; pericarp moderately thick, soft flesh, juice yield 77%, juice light red, containing soluble solids 15.2%-24.6%, acid content 1.2%-1.7%, sweet and sour taste, fruiting branch rate 80% The fruiting rate is 80%-90%, with an average of 2.2 spikes per fruiting branch. Fruit ripening in early August to mid-September, from budding to full maturity of the fruit takes about 140-150 days. It is a medium-late maturing type. The tree is strong.

Strong resistance to cold and disease, wide adaptability to soil, high yield, easy to cultivate. The wine produced is ruby red in color, clarified, with good aftertaste.

(C) Seedless and Juice Making Varieties

1. Seedless White

(Thompson Seedless)

Eurasian species, native to Central Asia and the Near East, is an ancient variety. Also known as Akkishmish, Sultana, Sultana, oval seedless white.

The tips are yellow-green, with sparse downy hairs. Young leaves golden yellow, upper and lower surfaces smooth and glabrous. Leaves large, suborbicular, leaf margins uprolled; upper surface smooth, lower surface tomentless; 3-5-lobed, upper lateral lobes medium or shallow, open, base V-shaped. Flowers bisexual. Fruiting spikes medium or large, averaging 210-360g, oblong or divergently shouldered conical, medium-tight. Grain medium-large, average weight 1.4-1.8g, ellipsoid, yellowish green; pericarp thin. Flesh crispy, less juice, containing 21%-24% soluble solids. Acid content 0.4%-0.8%, sweet and sour flavor, drying rate 23%-25%, no seeds. Fruit branch rate of 36%-47%, an average of 1.2 spikes per fruiting branch. It takes about 140 days from budding to full ripening of fruit, and is a medium-mature variety. The tree is strong.

Thin skin, crispy flesh, seedless, high sugar content, is a world-famous drying varieties, while the quality of fresh food is excellent, but also suitable for canning. However, its resistance to disease and cold is poor.

2. Beijing early crystal

Eurasian species, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing Botanical Garden in 1960 with the Queen of the vineyard and nuclear-free white cross-breeding.

Leaves large, ovate-orbicular, upper surface tomentless; 5-lobed, upper lobe deep, open, base V-shaped; leaf margin serrations bilaterally straight, petiole pits narrowly arched each, base V-shaped. Flowers bisexual. Fruiting spikes large, averaging 245-330g, conical, a few with secondary spikes, moderately dense. Fruit grains moderately large, average weight 2.1-2.6g, ovoid, yellow-green, amber when fully ripe, slightly reddish; pericarp thin. Flesh crisp, seedless, little juice. Fruit ripening in late August to early September, from budding to full maturity of the fruit needs about 110 days, for the very early maturity varieties. The tree is strong.

This variety is an excellent fresh food, drying, canning varieties.

3. Nuclear-free purple

(Monukka, Black Monkka)

Eurasian species, also known as nuclear-free black, nuclear-free red, red seedless dew, originating in Iran and the former Soviet Union Central Asia.

Leaves large, suborbicular, often with whorled projections at the base of the main veins, lower surface smooth and glabrous; 5-lobed, upper lobe y or moderately incised, open or closed, base V-shaped; margin serrations bilaterally convex; petiole pits wholly closed, or closed slit-shaped. Flowers bisexual. Fruiting spikes large, average weight 400-470g, conical, moderately dense. Fruit kernels medium large, average weight 2.5-2.8g, oval, purple-black; thin skin, crisp flesh, juicy, containing 20%-22% soluble solids, containing 0.5% acid, sweet and sour taste, no seeds. Early-maturing varieties. The tree is strong.

This variety is productive, adaptable, and is an excellent early-maturing fresh variety.

4. Concord

(Concord)

American species. 1849 by the American grape seedlings selected.

Tip tip deep red, dense tomentum. Upper surface of young leaves medium tomentose, red, lower surface densely tomentose. Leaves large, round or oblate. Upper surface rough, with vesicular projections, lower surface densely tomentose; 3-lobed or entire, upper lobe shallow, open, base V-shaped; leaf margin serrations bilaterally convex; petiole pits arching, base U-shaped. Tendrils continuous. Flowers bisexual. Fruiting spikes moderately large, weighing 200-220g, divergent-shouldered conical, moderately tight or dense. Fruit kernels are medium-large, weighing about 3g on average, suborbicular, purplish-red; pericarp thick, flesh soft, juicy, with meat sacs, juice red, acidic flavor, with strong American aroma. Each fruit has 2 seeds, not easy to separate from the pulp. It is a medium-ripe variety.

Resistant to cold, moisture, disease, adaptability, for the world-famous varieties of juice.

5. Campbell Early

(Campbell Early)

American species, also known as Campbell Early, originating in the United States.