Software and hardware are the earliest classified names of computer systems. Software refers to a series of computer data and instructions organized in a specific order. Generally speaking, software is divided into system software, application software and middleware between them. Among them, the system software provides the most basic functions for computer use, but it is not aimed at a specific application field. On the other hand, application software provides different functions according to users and their service fields. In short, software is all kinds of calculation programs in the computer. Accordingly, hardware refers to various physical facilities of the computer, such as screen, picture tube, shell, chip, etc. Later, the use of software and hardware was extended to other fields. In the extended sense, software refers to all kinds of software equipment, cultural environment and spiritual elements, while hardware refers to all kinds of hardware equipment, material environment and materialized elements. Hardware is external and easy to see; On the other hand, software is internal and sometimes difficult to find. For example, the physical facilities of hotels are hardware, while the services provided by hotels are software. * * * Material support is hardware and policy support is software. The roads, houses, machinery and equipment in a place are hardware, and the social atmosphere and humanistic tradition in this place are software. A person's appearance, status and wealth are hardware, while cultivation and knowledge are software. No matter a person, an enterprise or a place, we should not only pay attention to the construction of hardware, but also pay attention to the construction of software. What really attracts people is not the hardware, or mainly the software.
What do the hardware and software of a computer mean respectively?
Hardware refers to physical equipment that can be seen and touched in a computer system. Hardware is divided into minimum system and other accessories. The smallest system is CPU+ motherboard+memory+graphics card+monitor+power supply+keyboard, which constitutes the combination of arithmetic unit, memory, input device and output device. Other accessories include hard disk, sound card, network card, chassis, mouse, CD-ROM drive, etc. It is not necessary to have everything, but it will be difficult to use without a computer.
And software refers to the * * body of all documents such as programs and maintenance programs in the computer system. Generally speaking, the programs we usually use are all.
Software is the soul of computer. A computer without software is like a tape recorder without tape, a video recorder without video tape, and it is no different from scrap iron. Using different computer software, computers can accomplish many different tasks. It makes the computer have extraordinary flexibility and versatility. It is for this reason that any action of a computer cannot be separated from the instructions arranged by people. A series of instructions compiled by people for a certain need are called programs. This program, together with related explanatory materials, is called software. A computer with software becomes a complete computer system.
Software is generally divided into two categories: application software and system software.
First, application software.
Application software is software specially compiled for application purposes, such as:
1, word processing software
Used to input, store, modify, edit and print text materials, such as WORD and WPS.
2. Information management software
Used to input, store, modify and retrieve all kinds of information, such as payroll management software, personnel management software, warehouse management software, planning management software, etc. After this kind of software develops to a certain level, individual softwares are connected with each other, and computers and managers form a harmonious whole, in which all kinds of information flow reasonably, forming a complete and efficient management information system, referred to as MIS.
3. Aided design software
It is used to draw and modify engineering drawings efficiently, perform routine calculations in design, and help people find a good design scheme.
4. Real-time control software
It is used to collect the running status information of production devices, airplanes, etc. On this basis, automatic or semi-automatic control is implemented at any time according to the predetermined scheme, so as to complete the task safely and accurately.
Second, the system software
Although all kinds of application software have different jobs, they all need some basic operations, such as obtaining data from input devices, sending data to output devices, writing data to external storage, reading data from external storage, and managing data daily. These basic tasks are also accomplished through a series of instructions. People combine these instructions to form special software that supports the operation of application software, which is called system software.
The system software not only provides the above basic functions for the application software, but also manages the hardware, so that different application software running simultaneously or successively on a computer can share the hardware equipment in an orderly manner. For example, both applications have to save and modify data to the hard disk. If there is no coordination management organization to delimit areas for them, it will inevitably destroy each other's data.
Representative system software includes:
1, operating system
Manage computer hardware devices so that application software can use these devices conveniently and efficiently. Common microcomputers are: DOS, WINDOWS, UNIX, OS/2, etc.
2. Database management system
Store a large amount of data in an organized and dynamic way so that people can use it conveniently and efficiently. Now the more popular databases are FoxPro, DB-2, Access, SQL-server and so on.
3. Compile the software
When the CPU executes each instruction, it only completes a very simple operation. A system software or application software is composed of thousands or even hundreds of millions of instructions. It is extremely laborious and difficult to write software directly with basic instructions. In order to improve the efficiency, a new set of instructions called high-level language is stipulated, in which each instruction completes an operation, which is simple and basic relative to the overall function of the software, but complicated relative to the operation of the CPU.
Writing programs in this high-level language (called source programs) is much more efficient than building houses with prefabricated boards instead of bricks. However, the CPU can't directly execute these new instructions, so it is necessary to write a software to translate each instruction in the source program into a sequence acceptable to the CPU ... >; & gt
What are software facilities and hardware facilities?
What you can see and touch is hardware equipment.
Software devices are stored in the hard disk like applications, games and systems.
What's the difference between tools and equipment? 40 points
Equipment: The first type is a relatively fixed tool, which has great power and transmission, that is to say, there is a certain amount of energy, and people use the control system to realize the work. (Rotate, Move, Cut, Lift)
Facilities: generally speaking, it refers to instruments with strong fixity and no energy (excluding energy generated by their own gravity), that is, instruments that do not do work. (Compared with rotation, movement, shearing and lifting, it only plays the role of fixing, limiting and alarming) It is generally used as an auxiliary function of equipment.
Tools: First of all, it is an instrument with strong mobility and portability. Generally, under the operation of people, people's energy is used to realize the work. Poor fixity generally requires human energy to control. For example, electric hand tools and pneumatic hand tools all need people to master the point and direction of force.
What are the hardware facilities in the university? What do you mean by software facilities?
Hardware facilities mainly refer to the construction of schools, and software facilities mainly refer to teachers.
What are the hardware and software facilities of the enterprise?
Hardware facilities refer to visible and emotional things, such as buildings, equipment and so on.
Software facilities refer to the rationality of management level, corporate culture, employees' mental outlook and service level.
What are the computer software and auxiliary equipment?
Computer software is divided into system software and application software. When you say computer-aided equipment, you should refer to computer input and output equipment, including monitors, keyboards, mice, scanners and so on. System software is the software of software, and it is the platform for software running. Application software is software written for a specific purpose.
Commonly used system software includes operating system (DOS, WINDOWS, U-IX, OS/2), database management system (FoxPro, DB-2, Access, SQL-server) and compilation software (VB, C++, JAVA). Application software includes WORD processing software (word, WPS), information management software, CAD software and real-time control software (CAM). Auxiliary equipment in the computer industry includes four modules:
Network equipment, office equipment, digital equipment and video equipment.
Network equipment: network card, integrator and switch, router, twisted pair (i.e. network cable), wireless network equipment.
Office equipment: printer, scanner, mobile hard disk.
Digital equipment: digital camera, digital camera, video camera, MP3.4.5.
Video equipment: TV equipment (TV card and TV box), video acquisition card.
What software is this device used for? 10.
Hospital instruments, pulse recorders
What does the hardware include? What does the software include?
Hardware refers to physical equipment that can be seen and touched in a computer system. And software refers to the * * body of all documents such as programs and maintenance programs in the computer system. Generally speaking, the programs we usually use are all. The operating system is software, and the display, keyboard, speaker and motherboard are hardware.
Hardware is physical and software is logical. If software wants to express itself, it must be expressed by hardware. For example, the image you see is produced by hardware working with the operating system (also software) and other software, so software can be understood as a kind of information.
This language is easy to understand. People in China speak Chinese, Americans speak English and computers speak computer language. A programming tool is equivalent to a translator, which translates this language (such as C language) between people and computers into information that computers can read.
Binary is usually called 0 or 1, which is the same as decimal principle, except that decimal to the tenth place will carry two digits, while binary to 1 will carry one digit.
The reason for using binary can be understood as follows: computers can only read the lowest information, just like electric lights, only on or off, and there is no middle or other choice, so this is the highest information that machines can understand, which is why there is binary.
What is the function of equipment management software?
Jiang of Chengdu Huabiao Enterprise Management Department replied:
The main functions of the equipment management software are as follows:
1. A good equipment management model of an enterprise can be solidified through a software platform, and equipment management software can improve the standardization level of enterprise equipment management.
2. Reengineering and optimizing the equipment management process to realize the standardization, standardization and refinement of the equipment management process and improve the overall execution efficiency;
3. Establish equipment management foundation and its process database to realize information sharing. Query, statistics and analysis are convenient, which avoids the lack of information and data caused by personnel changes and ensures safe and stable management;
4. Improve the reliability and availability of equipment, reduce the downtime of equipment failure, and improve the comprehensive efficiency of equipment;
5. Reasonably integrate and distribute the company's technical resources, human resources, capital resources and spare parts resources, make maximum use of resources and improve the efficiency of maintenance work;
6, with the help of information systems and tools to strengthen on-site work control, real-time grasp of equipment status, comprehensive tracking and recording of maintenance process, to provide accurate and timely maintenance information analysis for equipment asset management;
7. Use the information system to realize the early warning mechanism of spare parts inventory, realize the linkage of procurement, inventory and consumption, reduce spare parts inventory and its cost, and cooperate with relevant management systems to strengthen the management of spare parts requisition;
8. Formulate performance indicators and assessment system, and use the data processing ability of information system to provide scientific basis for the company's business decision-making;
9. Cultivate modern equipment management and maintenance teams to meet the requirements of advanced production equipment for modern production organization and guarantee.
10 ... (and others)