How to calculate:
Taking Beijing as an example, by investigating the prices of more than 600 specifications of goods and services in nearly 300 commercial outlets in Beijing, the indexes of more than 600 representative goods are calculated respectively, and the basic classification index of 25 1 item is obtained through geometric average. Then, the consumer price index is calculated with the amount of consumer expenditure as the weight. The specific steps are as follows:
1. Select a representative specification. The current national method system defines the survey content as 25 1 basic classification and the minimum number of representative specifications contained under each basic classification. The representative specifications are determined by the provinces and cities themselves, and some specifications with local consumption characteristics can be appropriately added. According to the selection principle of representative specifications, our city has determined more than 600 specifications of goods and services as representative specifications for calculating the consumer price index. Once the representative specifications are determined, they shall not be replaced within one year.
2. Select the price survey point. Firstly, the sales of all kinds of commercial outlets are queued from high to low, and then equidistant sampling is carried out. It is necessary to comprehensively consider the factors such as large, medium and small stores, various economic types, comprehensive stores and professional stores, various commercial formats and reasonable layout, and make some corrections to the sampling results. Our city * * * selected nearly 300 commercial outlets as price survey points. Price survey points are adjusted once a year.
3. Calculate the weight of the consumer price index. Weight is an index that reflects the influence degree of the price change of the goods or services under investigation in the formation of the total index, and is calculated according to the proportion of household expenditure on various goods or services in the total expenditure. The weight data comes from the per capita consumption expenditure data in urban household survey statistics. The weight of the basic category and above is fixed for one year.
4. Price survey and calculation of average price. According to the correlation between goods or services and people's lives and the frequency of price changes, the number of price surveys is determined. Prices of fresh vegetables, fresh fruits, meat and eggs, aquatic products, etc. , survey once every 5 days; The prices of clothing commodities such as grain, oil, tobacco, alcohol, beverage and catering industry are investigated once every 10 day; The prices of goods or services fixed by the state and local governments are investigated once every 15 days. Price survey is a regular, fixed-point and personal direct survey.
After collecting price data, the monthly average price should be calculated. That is, the simple arithmetic averages the time-point price of each representative specification of all survey points to get the monthly average price. For example, a clothing price is surveyed three times a month, and there are six survey points, that is, the price of 18 is added up and then divided by 18.
5. Calculate the consumer price index. After calculating the monthly average price, the monthly price index of different base periods can be calculated. Firstly, the price index of a single commodity or service item is calculated, and then the basic classified price index is calculated by geometric average of the single index, and then the class index and the total index are weighted by the basic classified index in turn.
Two. The industrial producer price index includes the producer price index (PPI) and the producer price index.
The price survey of industrial producers adopts a combination of key surveys and typical surveys. Enterprises with annual main business income of more than 20 million yuan adopt key investigation methods; Enterprises with annual main business income of less than 20 million yuan adopt typical investigation methods. The price survey of industrial producers involved nearly 60,000 industrial enterprises in more than 400 cities across the country.
The ex-factory price index of industrial producers reflects the changing trend and range of ex-factory prices of products of industrial enterprises when they are sold for the first time.
The purchase price index of industrial producers reflects the changing trend and range of the purchase price of industrial enterprises as intermediate input products.
The statistical survey of ex-factory prices of industrial producers covers more than 1702 basic categories 1 1000 industrial product prices;
The statistical survey on the purchase price of industrial producers covers more than 900 basic categories and more than 6,000 kinds of industrial products.
Third, the difference between PPI and CPI.
Consumer price index (CPI for short) is an index that reflects the trend and degree of price changes of products and services related to residents' lives, and is usually used as an important indicator to observe the level of inflation. PPI is an index to measure the trend and degree of ex-factory price changes of industrial enterprises.
According to the law of price transmission, PPI has certain influence on CPI. PPI reflects the price level of production, while CPI reflects the price level of consumption. Generally, the fluctuation of the overall price level first appears in the production field, then spreads to the downstream industries through the industrial chain, and finally affects the consumer goods in the circulation field. Production with industrial products as raw materials, that is, the transmission path of industrial product prices to CPI is: from raw materials to means of production and then to means of subsistence.
Because CPI includes not only the price of consumer goods, but also the price of services, CPI and PPI are not strictly corresponding statistically. Therefore, in a certain period of time, it is possible that the changes of CPI and PPI are inconsistent. However, CPI and PPI deviate for a long time, which does not conform to the law of price transmission. If the price transmission is broken, the main reason is that the industrial product market is in the buyer's market and the government artificially controls the price of public goods. At present, the prices of industrial products that can be successfully transmitted (mainly the prices of energy raw materials such as electricity, coal and water) mainly belong to the scope of government price adjustment.