Yongzhou is a small ancient city with a long history. It is rich in folk tourism resources, such as Jiuyi Mountain, Shunhuang Mountain and Yangmingshan, which are natural landscapes, all of which have nurtured different cultures. The scenery is really good. I have been to all of them, and I feel that the development efforts are not enough, but the efforts to preserve resources are still OK. Perhaps it is because there are few publicity and few people go there. Also, because Liu Zongyuan lived here, the ancient culture of Lingling ancient city is very rich now. You can check the pictures online.
I have excerpted some articles about these aspects. You can have a look.
Yongzhou, known as Lingling in ancient times, has beautiful scenery and is known at home and abroad as "Jinxiu Xiaoxiang". It is a famous historical and cultural city in Hunan Province. It has a long history, many ethnic minorities, undulating mountains and pleasant climate, and often leaves the footprints of literati, leaving a lot of cultural heritage for Yongzhou area. While vigorously developing tourism, how to tap the potential value of tourism culture, transform it into tourism products, and then enhance the cultural connotation of tourism products is the key to developing tourism culture in Yongzhou.
Yongzhou cultural heritage can reflect the ideology and spiritual outlook of Yongzhou people at that time from some aspects, which contains infinite wisdom and spiritual strength. Attaching importance to it means attaching importance to the role of consciousness, which can actively act on matter, that is, it can help us to actively transform Yongzhou society and create greater social material wealth and spiritual wealth. The development of Yongzhou is not hindered by the accumulation of material wealth and spiritual wealth, so the development and protection of Yongzhou's cultural heritage can help us develop Yongzhou. Understanding the history and culture of Yongzhou can enhance the pride of our citizens and greatly improve the cultural civilization of Yongzhou, which is also of great significance to the whole country.
(I) Analysis and investigation on the protection and development of cultural heritage in Yongzhou
A is rich in tourism cultural resources
(1) It has a long history and numerous human landscapes. There are many historical celebrities in Yongzhou, such as Shun Di, Liu Zongyuan, Huai Su, Zhou Dunyi and Huang Tingjian. The local culture is rich, such as Shun culture, Liu culture, stele culture, female calligraphy culture and cursive script culture. In addition, there are more than 2,111 ancient tombs, temples, towers, pavilions and bridges in Yongzhou, and 238 of them have been listed as key cultural relics protection units by the state, provinces and counties.
(2) Beautiful scenery and unique natural landscape. Yongzhou is famous for its many mountains and beautiful waters. Xiaoshui is cut vertically from north to south, and Xiangjiang River is vertical and horizontal from west to east; The four national forest parks, Jiuyi Mountain, Yangming Mountain, Shunhuang Mountain and Jindong Forest Farm, are distributed in China. The whole area belongs to typical karst landforms, with mountains and rivers alternating with each other and unique scenery.
The following members of this group personally investigated the present situation of tourism resources in Yongzhou, as shown in the following figure.
Yangmingshan is a provincial nature reserve with fertile soil and rich resources. The mountains are rich in bamboo and wood, and they are known as the bamboo country. China's precious and rare East China Metasequoia glyptostroboides, where there are patches of secondary forests; The endangered silver pheasant sometimes walks and flies in the mountains. Other rare medicinal materials, rare birds and animals, are various and difficult to remember. It is a veritable treasure house of animals and plants. The winding and majestic Yangming Mountain is a fascinating resort. Climb Gao Qiao Peak, overlooking the surrounding area, and you can see the ancient city of Yongzhou, winding and xiaoxiang. The Yanghe Mountain is covered with a cloud, and it is as quiet as a secluded place;
Shunhuangshan National Forest Park is divided into three major scenic spots: Alsophila spinulosa, Zihuaping and Shunhuangfeng, with more than 1,111 scenic spots. The landscape is diverse and the forest landscape is unique, with 31,111 mu of primary secondary forest, which is the richest gene bank of animals and plants in our province. < P > (3) There are many ethnic minorities and simple folk customs. There are 29 ethnic groups in Yongzhou, mainly Han, Yao and Zhuang, which makes Yongzhou folk culture have a long history, strong local flavor and strong attraction to the outside world.
The analysis of minority cultures in Yongzhou is as follows:
Nvshu Culture Village is located in Shangjiangwei Town, Jiangyong County, Hunan Province, which is located at the north gate of Jiangyong County, 13 kilometers away from the county seat. Nvshu, which is called "Southern Chuqi Character" by experts, has been gradually recognized as the only female character found by human beings since it was made public in 1981s. It is said that it has special significance and research value for philology, linguistics, women's studies and even history, archaeology, human beings and nationalities. Features: It is the location of the only female writing found by human beings at present. It is said that it has special significance and research value for philology, linguistics, women's studies and even history, archaeology and nationality. Tour route: There are three scenic spots to visit: Pumei Village, Jingtian Village and Tongkou Village.
The unique artistic features of the forest of monuments in Wuxi and the artistic, literary and aesthetic values of the monuments in their historical periods have made outstanding contributions to the development of calligraphy art in China. The calligraphy inscriptions in the forest of steles in Wuxi in different times, as well as the evaluation and praise of calligraphers and calligraphers in past dynasties, confirm that the inscriptions in Wuxi occupy an important historical position in the history of calligraphy art.
B Tourism infrastructure and tourism service facilities are improving day by day
1. Tourism infrastructure is gradually improved. (1) The road system in Yongzhou City is becoming more and more perfect, and the traffic conditions have been improved. There are three major traffic arteries in the territory, namely, Luozhan Railway, Hengzao Expressway and Yonglian Highway, and the location advantages are gradually emerging. (2) Relevant supporting facilities have been significantly improved. Yongzhou has a complete water supply, electricity and gas system and good environmental sanitation, which provides a good external environment for the development of tourism activities in Yongshi.
2. Tourism service facilities have developed rapidly. There are 19 travel agencies in the city, including 2 international travel agencies. There are 21 star-rated hotels, including 1 four-star hotels and 3 three-star hotels. There are 1 demonstration sites of tourism and catering in the province.
C A relatively complete tourism management network has been initially formed
Yongzhou has initially formed nine scenic spots, such as Zhishan Willow Culture, Jiuyi Mountain Shun Culture, Yangmingshan Buddhism Culture, Wuxi Ancient Calligraphy Forest, Jianghua Jiangyongyao Culture, Daozhou Lianxi Hometown, Bailiping Lake and Shunhuang Mountain Eco-tourism Zone, and basically formed a relatively complete tourism management network.
(II) Problems and measures related to the investigation on the protection and development of cultural heritage in Yongzhou
First, the protection of cultural heritage is the premise of rational development. Through media propaganda such as radio and television, people's understanding and understanding of traditional culture can be improved, and a good atmosphere of respecting and loving traditional culture and actively participating in protection and rescue can be formed in the whole society.
Second, cultural heritage that can meet the criteria of "World Heritage" should actively participate in the application for inclusion, and provide a code of conduct for the protection and development of domestic cultural heritage with a worldwide vision and norms.
Third, reasonably regulate the responsibilities and behaviors of local governments in the protection and development of cultural heritage. Those acts of vandalism or over-exploitation are resolutely prohibited. In view of the major cultural heritage destruction events within the jurisdiction, the leadership accountability system must be implemented.
fourthly, reasonable and effective use of market means to moderately develop cultural heritage is not only conducive to expanding publicity and increasing income, but also the basis for further protection of cultural heritage; Resolutely put an end to using vulgar market means to manage traditional culture.
Fifth, on the basis of expanding financial support for cultural heritage protection and development funds, actively guide social funds to enter in parallel, and form a multi-subject cultural heritage protection and development pattern;
sixth, establish and improve the laws and regulations on the protection and development of cultural heritage, strengthen the punishment for the destruction and over-exploitation of cultural heritage, and ensure that there are laws to follow, laws to be observed, violators to be prosecuted and law enforcement to be strict.
Seventh, actively sum up the experience in the protection and development of cultural heritage. The positive experience at home and abroad should be optimized and promoted according to the actual situation in various places, and the lessons of setbacks should be carefully summed up.
(3) Special investigation on the cultural heritage of Daoxian County in Yongzhou City
1. Background of the investigation
On August 7th, the "Archaeological Summit Forum of Hunan, Jiangxi, Guangdong and Guangxi" held in Yongzhou City, Hunan Province, learned that a huge ancient stone statue group was found in the depths of Nanling Mountain in Daoxian County, Yongzhou City, which was larger than the Terracotta Warriors and Horses of Qin Shihuang.
the ghost zai ling sacrificial site where this stone statue group is located is located in ghost zai ling, one kilometer south of tianguangdong village, Xianglinpu town, Dao county, Hunan province, and belongs to Nanling mountain range. Its center is 35 kilometers away from the Shundi Mausoleum in Jiuyishan. Guizailing is named after nearly 11,111 stone statues on the ground and underground. Locals commonly call these stone statues "Guizaizai".
According to the investigation by the cultural relics department of Hunan Province, the stone statue of Guizailing is the oldest portrait stone carving group discovered by archaeological investigation so far. The stone statues in the early middle history of this site were made 5,111 years ago, and the stone statues in the Qin, Han, Wei and Jin Dynasties were made 2,111 to 5,111 years ago. In particular, the stone statues in the early history accounted for about 31% of all the stone statues on the surface, and their production date was the earliest in China.
2. Specific introduction of the contents of the stone statue of Guizailing
The stone statue of Guizailing is the largest group of portrait stone carvings found in archaeological investigation in China so far. Tang Zhongyong said that the Ghost Zailing site is a large-scale sacrificial site in ancient times. There are portraits of civil servants, military officers, pregnant women and various ordinary soldiers. The height of stone statues ranges from 31 cm to 111 cm.
Although the warrior statues on Ghost Mountain are short, they are powerful.
There are various "Ghost Mountain" scattered on Ghost Mountain.
This "ghost cub" looks fat.
The reporter interviewed Tang Zhongyong, director of Daoxian Cultural Relics Management Office, who has been studying this ancient stone statue group for a long time. According to him, this stone group has a large number, unique craftsmanship, a long history and rich connotations. "Its scale exceeds the terracotta warriors and horses of the eighth wonder of the world" and it is known as another miracle of the world.
According to the preliminary study, Guizailing, where this stone statue group is located, is an ancient sacrificial site, located in the depths of Nanling Mountains. Its center is 35 kilometers away from the Shundi Mausoleum in Jiuyi Mountain. Guizailing is named after nearly 11,111 stone statues on the ground and underground. Locals commonly call these stone statues "Guizaizai".
The stone statue of Guizailing is the largest group of portrait stone carvings found in domestic archaeological investigation so far. According to the investigation and statistics of China Stone Carving Museum and Hunan Archaeological Research Experts, there are more than 5,111 rough and vivid stone statues scattered on the surface of 5,111 square meters, and a large number of stone statues are buried about 2 meters underground, which is more than the number of terracotta warriors and horses in the eighth wonder of the world.
The earliest production date was 5,111 years ago
According to the investigation of Hunan Provincial Cultural Relics Department, the stone statue of Guizailing is still the oldest portrait stone carving group discovered by archaeological investigation so far. The stone statues in the early middle history of this site were made 5,111 years ago, and the stone statues in the Qin, Han, Wei and Jin Dynasties were made 2,111 to 5,111 years ago. In particular, the stone statues in the early history accounted for about 31% of all the stone statues on the surface, and their production date was the earliest in China. In addition, the production of stone statues also continued in the Tang, Song and Yuan Dynasties.
Tang Zhongyong said that Guizailing site is a large-scale sacrificial site in ancient times, including civil servants, military officers, pregnant women and various ordinary soldiers. The height of the stone statues varies from 31 cm to 111 cm.
It is inferred that it has the nature of primitive sacrifice or memorial
Archaeologists infer from the existing data and on-the-spot investigation that Guizailing and the stone statues were originally just a large-scale altar for sacrifice, which was piled up or selected by prehistoric people. The "stone statues" were full of altars and had the nature of primitive sacrifice or memorial, which lasted for thousands of years.
The stone statue of Guizailing is still one of the "mysteries" that can't be solved by academic circles at home and abroad. Tang Zhongyong believes that the study of the stone statue of Guizailing is of profound significance. With the solution of the "mystery", physical evidence will be added to the origin of Chinese civilization, and it will also have a certain "correction" effect on the history of ancient sculpture art in China.
value analysis
a. The stone statue of Guizailing is the largest group of portrait stone carvings found in domestic archaeological investigation so far. According to the investigation and statistics of China Stone Carving Museum and Hunan Archaeological Research Experts, there are more than 5,111 stone statues scattered on the surface, and a large number of stone statues are buried about 2 meters underground. Such a large number of stone statues are more than the number of Terracotta Warriors and Horses, the eighth wonder in the world, which is another miracle in the world.
B. The stone statue of Guizailing is the oldest portrait stone carving group discovered by archaeological investigation so far. The stone statues in the early middle history of this site were made 5,111 years ago, and the stone statues in the Qin, Han, Wei and Jin Dynasties were made 2,111 to 5,111 years ago. In particular, the stone statues in the early history accounted for about 31% of all the stone statues on the surface, and their production date was the earliest in China.
C, the stone statue of Guizailing has unique production technology and modeling, which is only seen in China so far. Stone statues are made of rough materials and do not pay attention to details. Rough lines are often combined with natural twisted lumps, and their sense of integrity and rhythm is very strong, which can cause great psychological shock. Although there are many kinds of stone statues, most of them are "bent legs" in the shape of "crossing toes", with exaggerated shapes and strange meanings. The stone statue of "pregnant woman" embodies the ancient concept of reproductive worship, and the general statue of "riding an elephant" is consistent with the ancient legend about the southern Chu-Yue war. The portraits of civil servants, military officers, generals and ordinary soldiers are isomorphic to form real life scenes in the mysterious world.
D, Guizailing site is a long-term large-scale sacrificial place. Guizailing culture was founded by Han and Yao ancestors, which reflects many characteristics of Nanchu culture and provides a good starting point for studying Nanchu culture and Monan Yao history. A large number of temples around the site, a large number of "Shunde" cultural relics in ancient dwellings and Chen's genealogy clearly record that Tian Guangdong's villagers with five surnames are descendants of Shun, all of which reflect that the worship of Guizailing is related to Shun, and provide physical evidence for studying Shunde culture and the local history and methods of worshipping Shun.
Conclusion: The existence and discovery of the stone statue of Guizailing is still one of the "mysteries" that cannot be solved by domestic and foreign academic circles so far. Its causes are related to the worship of ancestral temples, and may also have elements of primitive religion, nationality and folk customs. However, due to the long history and large age span, the reasons for the existence of stone statues in various periods cannot be generalized. Based on the present data and investigation, it is inferred that the Ghost Mountain and the stone statue were originally a large-scale sacrificial altar, and "Ghost Mountain" was an altar accumulated or selected by prehistoric people. Stone statues are full of altars, which have the nature of primitive sacrifice or commemoration. After thousands of years or even tens of thousands of years of history, later generations have "continued to carve" and formed the phenomenon of multi-stage carving of stone statues. The research on the stone statue of Guizailing is of profound significance. With the cracking of this mystery, physical evidence will be added to the origin of Chinese civilization, which will have a certain "correction" effect on the history of ancient sculpture art in China, and it will be written into the history textbook of China.
(IV) Specific measures to strengthen the protection and development of Yongzhou's cultural heritage
I. Evolution of management institutions
The Party and the government attach great importance to the protection of the stone statues in Guizailing. Set up a professional committee to be responsible for the protection of cultural relics and forests; The establishment of the administration of cultural relics protection areas is to accelerate the development of cultural industries and tourism industries and further promote the effective protection and rational utilization of cultural relics resources.
2. Strengthening the construction of laws and regulations and protecting the world heritage according to law
In order to strengthen the legalization of the management of the stone statues in Guizailing, according to the requirements of the chinese heritage Law, the World Heritage Convention and the Cultural Relics Protection Law, a forward-looking and operable Outline of the Strategic Development Plan of Guizailing Research Institute from 2111 to 2121 was compiled to protect, research, information and safety the stone statues in Guizailing.