Family is a place where people can relax after a day's work, but family hygiene cannot be relaxed. Why do some families get a disease at the same time? This is directly related to the quality of family hygiene. ● Do a good job in family hygiene, don't be afraid of trouble, you need to start from scratch. According to different transmission routes and different media of infectious diseases, satisfactory disinfection effect can be achieved. The first line of defense is clean. Why disinfect bacteria and viruses? Generally does not exist freely in the environment. They are often attached to dust and protected by some organic or inorganic substances, so they can survive in the external environment for a long time. These dusts with germs and viruses are very small in diameter, less than 5 microns, almost unaffected by gravity, and can be suspended in the air for a long time; Larger ones can sink to the surface or ground, but they can be suspended in the air again because of human activities. These dust with germs or viruses enter the human respiratory tract with breathing, and larger particles are blocked in the upper respiratory tract, while smaller particles can enter bronchi and even alveoli, causing corresponding diseases. When family members know each other's health status and no one has infectious diseases, it is enough to keep the family clean, and it is not necessary to disinfect the living environment and daily necessities every day. It can be said that keeping the home clean is the first line of defense against diseases, that is, disinfection in a broad sense. But some people still don't know the key points and specific methods to keep their homes clean and tidy. The following two points need to be mastered by everyone: Keep clean 1 Start from daily life ★ Getting up early and opening the window for ventilation can discharge indoor carbon dioxide and introduce outdoor fresh air, which is beneficial to respiratory health, promote human metabolism and enhance human disease resistance. ★ Raw and cooked food chopping boards should be separated, and leftovers should be refrigerated to prevent flies and prevent food poisoning. During the epidemic of intestinal infectious diseases, lettuce and raw water should not be eaten. ★ Family members should not use dental jars, toothbrushes, toothpaste and towels to prevent diseases from spreading through these channels. ★ Tableware and washbasin should be washed and kept dry after use to prevent bacteria from breeding. ★ Indoor sanitation and frequent cleaning. Key points of keeping clean 2 Wet washing and timely disinfection Wet washing mopping the floor and wiping furniture every day to remove dust can reduce indoor air pollution and is an effective method to prevent respiratory infectious diseases. Disinfect in time When family members suffer from infectious diseases, in addition to mopping the floor and wiping articles, they should also choose the appropriate disinfectant type and concentration; Fumigating, wiping or soaking indoor air and articles that may be contaminated by bacteria and viruses. Disinfection and disease prevention go out of the misunderstanding. Intestinal infectious diseases include viral hepatitis A and E, bacillary dysentery, enteritis, cholera, typhoid fever and some food poisoning. The patient's excrement can directly or secondary pollutant water and food, and unclean water, food, hands, flies and cockroaches often play an important role in the spread of intestinal infectious diseases. However, some people often have a misunderstanding in the prevention of intestinal infectious diseases-1:take water as the net, just look clean. In fact, the prevention of intestinal infectious diseases can not be "just clean", but should be seriously implemented from the following links-1. Hand disinfection. (1) Develop a good habit of washing hands before and after meals and after contact with suspicious pollutants. Washing hands with soap and tap water can remove 80% bacteria from the surface of hands. (2) When there are patients at home, after washing hands, soak them in 250mg/L available chlorine solution for 5 ~ 10 minute, or soak them in 0.2% peracetic acid for 3 ~ 5 minutes, and then rinse off the residual disinfectant with clear water. 2. Disinfection of fruits and vegetables. In the disaster area and high epidemic period, after washing fruits and vegetables, soak them in 0. 1% potassium permanganate solution for 15 minutes. 3. Disinfect tableware. The simplest and most reliable disinfection method is to boil the tableware for 20 minutes. ② Disinfect cabinets with infrared rays. (3) When there is no thermal disinfection condition, it can be soaked in 250mg/L effective chlorine disinfectant for 20 minutes after cleaning, or soaked in 0.2% peracetic acid solution for 10 minute, and then rinsed with clear water. 4. Disinfection of drinking water. Drinking water in wells, rivers and lakes that may be contaminated by pathogenic microorganisms can be disinfected by adding chlorine according to their different water quality, and the dosage of chlorine is 3 ~ 5 mg/L, and ozone can be used for disinfection when conditions permit. 5. Disinfect patients with infectious diseases at home at any time. (1) The excrement, vomit or secretion of patients shall be disinfected with chlorine-containing disinfectant. The feces can be mixed with 10% ~ 20% bleaching powder supernatant according to the ratio of 1 feces to 2 supernatant, and disinfected for 2 hours. Urine or secretion can be mixed evenly according to the ratio of 5 parts of water+1 part of bleaching powder, and poured into the toilet after 2 hours of action. ② The surfaces of doorknobs, utensils, toys, faucets, toilet floors and other items that patients may contact or pollute should be sprayed, wiped or soaked with 500mg/L chlorine-containing disinfectant in time for disinfection. 6. Actively kill flies and cockroaches. Respiratory infectious diseases include influenza, common cold, infectious mumps, measles, rubella, chlamydia or mycoplasma pneumonia, pneumococcal pneumonia, meningitis, legionnaires' disease and tuberculosis. The main source of infection is droplets scattered into the air by patients through coughing and sneezing, and some can also be spread through close contact. Some people think-Myth 2: There is no need to disinfect people who have a cold at home. They think that as long as they have strong resistance, they will not be infected. In fact, this understanding is one-sided. Because when the concentration of pathogenic microorganisms in the environment is high and the action time is long, it is impossible to resist by relying on limited human resistance. Therefore, once someone in the family has a respiratory infectious disease, they should-1. Open the window to ventilate. This is the simplest and most effective disinfection method, especially for some viral infectious diseases infected at close range. Disinfectants cannot kill these pathogenic microorganisms in a short time, but ventilation can dilute the pathogenic microorganisms and effectively reduce the chance of infection. 2. Physical disinfection. Air can be disinfected by circulating wind ultraviolet sterilizer, air electrostatic adsorption sterilizer and air plasma sterilizer. 3. terminal disinfection. After the patient is hospitalized, the patient's room needs terminal disinfection. ① Spray disinfection with 0.3% peracetic acid, 3% hydrogen peroxide or 500mg/L chlorine-containing disinfectant. 1 hour later, open the doors and windows for ventilation for 30 minutes to remove the residual disinfectant. (2) For the container containing the patient's secretions and sputum, it can be directly heated and boiled for 20 minutes, or it can be soaked in 500mg/L chlorine-containing disinfectant for 30 minutes and then poured into the toilet. Contact infectious diseases include herpes simplex virus disease, epidemic hemorrhagic conjunctivitis, pustulosis, tinea corporis, candidiasis, gonorrhea, syphilis and so on. Some people think-Myth 3: Nothing will happen as long as there is no physical contact with the patient. In fact, in order to prevent contact infectious diseases, besides hand disinfection, the following measures should be taken: 1. Toilet, towel, slippers, door handle, etc. After wiping or washing, 250mg/L available chlorine or 0.2% peracetic acid disinfectant can be used for soaking or wiping disinfection. 2. The clothes used by patients should be separated from healthy people, and often washed with 80 ~ 93℃ hot water or soaked in 250mg/L chlorine-containing disinfectant for 30 minutes. 3. Avoid sexual life or use condoms during sexually transmitted diseases. Need to be reminded that in sexual life, use disinfectants (such as chlorhexidine, etc. ) can't prevent sexually transmitted diseases. Multi-channel infectious diseases include epidemic hemorrhagic fever, viral encephalitis, anthrax, brucellosis and Ebola-Marburg virus disease. These pathogens can invade many organs or systems of human body through different ways, causing human diseases. Therefore, when disinfecting such diseases, various methods should be adopted according to their known transmission routes. Domestic disinfection adopts local materials 1. Sterilize in a microwave oven. Families with microwave ovens can clean and wring out items that need disinfection, such as rags, towels, masks and other cotton fabrics, put them in the microwave oven and start the timer. A few items can be set for 2 ~ 3 minutes. If the items account for 1/2 of the capacity of the microwave oven, the timer should be set to 5 ~ 10 minutes. Attention should be paid when using microwave disinfection: ① The disinfected articles should contain about 15% moisture. (2) Pay attention to the time. If the time is too long, the articles will be damaged; if the time is too short, the disinfection will fail. ③ Non-wettable articles should be wrapped with wet towels and disinfected. Some items, such as plastic bottles and nipples, can be soaked in water and then sterilized in the microwave oven. Metal objects should not be disinfected by microwave, otherwise the magnetron may be damaged. ⑤ Don't sterilize coins, valuable documents and materials with microwaves. 2. disinfect with a cooker. Boiler, steamer and pressure cooker are all good sterilizers for damp heat. Most bacteria and viruses can be killed or contagious when the contaminated items are put into it for cooking 15 minutes. The pressure cooker has higher temperature and better sterilization effect. (2) Disinfect the cabinet at 120℃ for 25 minutes, which can kill most bacteria and viruses. ③ Dishwasher can not only remove greasy food from tableware, but also wash off most bacteria or viruses. If some detergent is added to the water, it can not only improve the cleaning effect, but also kill some bacteria or viruses. If chlorhexidine and bromogeramine are added to the water, it can not only enhance the decontamination effect of washing, but also kill bacteria and some viruses with low resistance. Disinfection measures 1. Always open the window for ventilation. 2. Fumigate or spray the patient's room every day. Commonly used chemical disinfectants are peracetic acid and hydrogen peroxide compound air disinfectants. Indoor personnel must leave the room during disinfection. 3. Wash the spittoon after use, or boil it for 20 minutes, or soak it in 1000mg/L effective bromine or effective chlorine disinfectant for 30 minutes. Disposable sputum cups can be burned after use. 4. After washing the toiletries every day, soak them in disinfectant for 30 minutes and rinse them off. 5. The patient's tableware should be cooked for 15 ~ 20 minutes every day, and the remaining food should be discarded after cooking for 15 ~ 20 minutes. 6. Patients' families or nursing staff should wash their hands carefully and disinfect them in time after nursing patients. After contact with patients, you must wash your hands with running water containing soap or iodophor solution containing alcohol hand disinfectant 5000 mg/L. The patient's bedding should be aired frequently. Cotton sheets, pillows, pillow towels and clothes can be boiled for 10 ~ 20 minutes, or soaked in 0.5% peracetic acid for 0.5 ~ 1 hour. Chemical fiber fabrics can only be disinfected by chemical soaking. 8. Furniture, furnishings, walls and floors can be wiped with chlorine-containing disinfectant or iodophor solution, and the order is from top to bottom and from left to right. 9. The surfaces of easily contaminated objects such as doorknobs, faucets, doors and windows, sinks, toilets, urinals, etc. can be disinfected with chlorine-containing disinfectants every day, and then wiped clean with clean water.