Investigation Report on Garbage Disposal in Zigui County of Three Gorges Reservoir Area
Zigui County is located in the west of Hubei Province, at the head of the dam of Three Gorges Project. It is the hometown of Qu Yuan, a world cultural celebrity, the birthplace of dragon boat sports, and the "hometown of navel orange in China". It integrates celebrities, famous gorges, famous dams and famous lakes, and has world-class cultures such as the Three Gorges scenery of the Yangtze River, the Three Gorges hydropower project and Qu Yuan cultural celebrities.
The construction of the Three Gorges Dam, which has attracted worldwide attention, has transformed the Three Gorges section from a natural river into a reservoir. In order to protect the water environment in the Three Gorges reservoir area, the State Council has adopted the Water Pollution Prevention and Control Plan for the Three Gorges Reservoir Area and its Upper Reaches. Since the Tenth Five-Year Plan, the state has invested a lot of money in sewage treatment, garbage and hazardous waste treatment, industrial pollution prevention and control, ecological environment protection and ship pollution control in the Three Gorges reservoir area, which has greatly improved the water environment quality in the Three Gorges reservoir area. Zigui county is the first county in the Three Gorges reservoir. At present, there are 14 sewage treatment plants and landfill sites in Zigui county, which have contributed to the improvement of water environment quality in the Three Gorges reservoir area.
I. Present situation of garbage disposal
(I) Planning of garbage disposal
Zigui County has included 7 garbage disposal projects in the Water Pollution Prevention and Control Plan for the Three Gorges Reservoir Area and its Upper Reaches, which are 7 urban garbage disposal plants, including the county town, Guojiaba, Shazhenxi, Guizhou, Quyuan, Shuitianba and Shetan, with a total investment of 8,141.
(II) Construction of garbage disposal project
Except for Shuitianba Township, seven garbage disposal plants in Zigui County have been built, and six garbage disposal plants in the county, Guojiaba, Shazhenxi, Guizhou, Quyuan and Xietan have been completed, and the garbage disposal plants in the county, Guojiaba, Shazhenxi and Guizhou have passed the provincial comprehensive acceptance and put into operation, while Quyuan and Xietan have been put into operation.
The implementation of the waste treatment project in Zigui County has played a positive role in improving the environment in the reservoir area and promoting the local economic development. The first is to control environmental pollution. The project has been put into operation, and has handled 231,111 tons of garbage (the county garbage treatment plant handles 1.21 tons of garbage per day, and the garbage treatment plants in six market towns handle 61 tons of garbage per day), which has fundamentally solved the environmental pollution problem caused by the littering of domestic garbage, improved the production and living environment of market town residents, and played an important role in protecting the water quality of the Yangtze River. The second is to bring life to one side of the economy. With the implementation of the project, the financial income such as construction and safety tax, deed tax, farmland occupation tax, and new paid land use fee (land transfer fee) is about 8 million yuan directly or indirectly. At the same time, the construction of the project has promoted the development of local building materials, construction, transportation and other related industries, solved the employment problem of some rural surplus labor, and increased the income of the people. The third is to improve the basic conditions. From project initiation to planning, design and construction, the project always adheres to people-oriented, adapts to local conditions, closely links with local conditions, fully combines project construction with improving local basic conditions, and gives full play to the efficiency in the use of national debt funds. First, combined with the construction of market towns, supporting roads have been built and rebuilt, further improving the living environment and traffic conditions of urban residents; Secondly, combined with the needs of landfill operation, the selection of operation equipment was optimized, and construction machinery and garbage collection and transportation equipment were configured, which not only met the needs of landfill operation, but also served the construction of market towns and emergency rescue and disaster relief.
second, the main problems existing in garbage disposal
(a) landfill can not fully meet the needs. First, there are three market towns in our county, namely Lianghekou, Meijiahe and Moping in Qinggan River Basin. There is no sanitary landfill for domestic waste in the cultural market town in Tongzhuanghe River Basin, involving a population of 5,111 people and generating about 41 tons of garbage every day. All of them have not been treated harmlessly, and there are potential environmental pollution hazards. Therefore, it is urgent to plan and construct the corresponding market town landfill. Second, the population growth of Mao Ping, the county seat, exceeds the original planning, and the amount of domestic garbage is greatly increased. Because the domestic garbage from ships in Mao Ping Port enters the landfill for treatment, the current daily average garbage treatment capacity is 1.21 tons, with a maximum of 1.51 tons/day, which far exceeds the treatment capacity of the landfill of 71 tons/day. Therefore, the service life of the completed landfill has been shortened, and the second phase of the project needs to be implemented urgently. Third, garbage in rural areas, especially in larger villages, cannot be treated. There are many garbage spots in rural areas, and if they are not effectively treated for a long time, the harm to the ecological environment will be incalculable. The treatment of rural garbage needs to be studied.
(2) Urban sanitation facilities are not matched. In addition to the limited number of sanitation facilities in the county seat and market towns along the river, the sanitation facilities in other market towns are mainly several garbage ponds and a tractor. At present, there are widespread problems such as inadequate sanitation facilities, insufficient quantity and low degree of mechanization, which leads to low efficiency, high cost and poor effect in urban sanitation work.
(3) The funds for garbage disposal are insufficient. Although all towns in the county have established a sanitation charging system, due to the large number of urban immigrants, students and unemployed residents (laid-off workers), the economic affordability is limited, and the sanitation charging standard is low, which is not even enough for the wages of sanitation workers, not to mention the cost of sanitary landfill and standardized disposal of garbage. The consequences, first, bring great economic pressure to local governments, institutions and units; Second, the standardized treatment of garbage is affected; Third, in a few places, the wages of sanitation workers are not implemented, which leads to social disharmony and instability.
iii. countermeasures and suggestions
(1) further intensify planning. Planning is the premise and foundation to promote all work. At present, the guiding plan of garbage disposal in the reservoir area of our county is the Water Pollution Prevention and Control Plan of the Three Gorges Reservoir Area and its Upper Reaches approved by the State Council. This plan was compiled early, and many basic data refer to the situation provided by various places before 2111, which can not fully adapt to the reality of economic and social development in the reservoir area at present and in the future. To this end, the state has organized relevant departments and scientific research institutions to revise the planning, but it has not been reported to the State Council for approval and implementation, which has lagged behind, and will inevitably affect the prevention and control of water pollution in the reservoir area during the Eleventh Five-Year Plan period. To this end, first, we should further revise and improve the planning content and enhance the scientific nature of the planning. It is suggested that the comprehensive environmental treatment projects of Mao Ping River Basin, Jiuwan Creek River Basin and Qinggan River Basin in Zigui, as well as the waste treatment projects of Lianghekou, Meijiahe, Moping and Wenhua towns and the second phase of county waste treatment projects should be included in the planning. The second is to organize the implementation of the revised plan after reporting it to the State Council for examination and approval as soon as possible, so as to enhance the timeliness of the plan. Third, industry planning, departmental planning and regional planning should be coordinated with each other to enhance the unity of planning. It is necessary to coordinate and complement the relevant plans of domestic waste treatment, industrial solid waste treatment, hazardous waste treatment, medical and health waste treatment, ship waste treatment, floating objects treatment in the Yangtze River and comprehensive waste treatment in rural areas. At the same time, it is necessary to coordinate garbage disposal with sewage treatment planning and with regional economic and social development planning.
(2) further increase investment. There are not enough garbage disposal facilities in the reservoir area, so a lot of money needs to be invested to improve the various disposal facilities. Because garbage disposal does not directly produce economic benefits, we can only give priority to government investment and gradually guide enterprises and individuals to increase their investment in garbage disposal. According to the actual situation of Zigui County in the reservoir area, the economic development level of the county is far from that of the developed areas because of the heavy inundation loss, the heavy task of resettlement and the difficulty of getting rich. Suggestions are as follows: first, in the construction of urban garbage disposal and comprehensive improvement of river basin environment, the proportion of central financial subsidies should be increased, local governments should provide appropriate support, and the central and local governments should arrange funds according to the proportion of 85% and 15% of the total project investment respectively; Second, increase subsidies for the operating expenses of garbage disposal. According to the current sewage treatment fee subsidy policy, the central government will subsidize the completed garbage disposal plant according to a certain proportion and for a certain period of time, and the rest will be solved by local financial subsidies and garbage disposal fees; Third, the departments cooperate to form a joint force, and the special funds used by the development and reform, immigration, economy and trade, transportation, construction, health, agriculture, environmental protection and other departments for domestic waste, hazardous waste, ship waste, industrial solid waste, medical and health waste, environmental management in new countryside, floating object treatment, etc. will be concentrated to make overall plans and complement each other to form a joint force, so as to exert greater comprehensive benefits.
(3) further intensify the pilot program. As for rural garbage, there is no ready-made treatment experience, because there are many points and a wide range, and medical garbage, pesticide and fertilizer packaging, agricultural film and so on account of a certain proportion in the garbage components, so it is recommended to pilot it first. First, the garbage is classified, that is, medical garbage, pesticide and fertilizer container packaging, agricultural film and other recyclable materials are recycled, toxic and harmful materials can be incinerated, and those that cannot be incinerated can be landfilled after disinfection, and other domestic garbage can be returned to the field for fertilizer; Second, those that need to be landfilled can be treated differently. For villages with convenient transportation and within 11 kilometers from urban landfill sites, garbage collection and transfer facilities are equipped, and they are collected and transported to landfill sites for landfill. For villages with inconvenient transportation and far away from urban garbage dumps, small landfill sites should be built nearby.
(4) further intensify mechanism innovation. Garbage disposal itself does not directly create economic benefits, but if the system is smooth and flexible, it can still save operating expenses by reducing the disposal cost. Therefore, it is necessary to innovate the garbage disposal mechanism. The direction of garbage disposal mechanism innovation is to promote marketization, enterprise and specialization. Specifically, it is to introduce competition mechanism, openly auction the right to operate, sign business contracts with operators, implement target assessment and strictly reward and punish.
(5) further strengthen law enforcement supervision. Strengthening law enforcement, investigating illegal acts and standardizing the behavior of garbage disposal enterprises and residents are the guarantee for doing a good job in garbage disposal in the reservoir area. First, it is necessary to further improve the relevant laws and regulations and local policies on garbage disposal, so that there are laws to follow; Second, construction, environmental protection, water conservancy and other relevant departments should combine their own responsibilities and seriously investigate and deal with illegal acts involving garbage disposal according to law; Third, strengthen the capacity building of supervision and law enforcement, carry out training for law enforcement personnel, improve the quality of law enforcement personnel, and equip them with necessary tools and vehicles for law enforcement, so as to enhance the law enforcement capacity and meet the needs of garbage disposal supervision and law enforcement.