One of the city's origins
In the late Qing Dynasty and early Republic of China, the area was the Meiyuantou district. Surrounded by Yaojiazhai, Xiajiaxiang and other villages, farmhouses. It is the birthplace of Zhabei Huajie. Qing Xuantong three years (1911), known as the Pearl of Zhabei - Zhabei Hydroelectric Company was completed in the corner of the fork bag (now the side of the railroad station in Shanghai). In the first year of the Republic of China (1912), Zhabei City was established. City Hall is located in the General Administration Road (now **** and Road). Republic of China in 2 years, in today's Moling Road, built the railroad Magen Road cargo station (after liberation, called the East Station). Municipal, the rise of transportation, the city scene is flourishing. To the Republic of 16 years, there have been Guangzhao Road (today's Meixi Road), Huasheng Road, Meiyuan Road and other 14 roads, factories, businesses more than a hundred. Among them, there are China's early national industry is quite influential Yutong flour mill (now the third Shanghai rice mill), Tianyi flavor mother factory. There are 154 Shikumen lanes with tens of thousands of residents and some garden houses, which are the prosperous center of western Zhabei.
The Japanese army invaded Shanghai twice in 128 and 813, and bombed the Zhabei China border area, and the buildings were basically destroyed. In addition to the area of Quananfang, Daixiangli 4 lanes and Hengfeng Road, Yutong Road side there are still more than 10 3-storey residential houses, all lanes, residential houses are destroyed. Only 1 factory survives Yutong flour mill. Magen Road cargo station was bombed many times, devastated. After the fall of Shanghai, Nansumi (now **** and around the middle school) large lots, was occupied by the Japanese army for military warehouses. The east side of the Yao family house (today's Fan Gua Lane) has become a foreign disaster victims, refugees and the bombing of the original poor citizens to live in. There were 3,000 to 4,000 shanty houses, simple houses, and "rolling dragons", covering an area of 6 hectares, with more than 16,000 residents, making it one of the high-density shantytowns in Shanghai. The narrow passageways, piles of garbage, stagnant water and swarms of mosquitoes and flies in the lane make the working people live in "deep water and hot fire". The west side, near the Suzhou Creek, for the Guangzhou Zhaozhuang and other righteous burial mounds and was bombed after the potholes, overgrown with weeds. The north corner is the miserable remnants of the war and a huge village of poor people. Throughout the whole picture, broken walls, cityscape fall, can be said to be completely different.
After the victory of the war of resistance against Japan, the Shanghai Municipal Government for the recovery of war wounds, had formulated "Zhabei West reconstruction plan", intends to Zhabei West to build the entire municipal roads, commercial outlets, built all kinds of residential, developed areas of the cityscape. But because the Kuomintang launched the civil war, lack of financial resources, the plan became a dead letter.
After the liberation, in the 50's widened Guangzhao Road, renamed Tianmu West Road, set up Changshou Road Bridge, built the District People's Government, Public Security Bureau building and District Workers' Club, *** and middle school, Chang'an Middle School, etc, the cityscape has been improved. 60 ~ 70 years, some roads were widened, refurbished. The number of public transportation vehicles increased and the living conditions improved. Especially after three phases of construction, completely remodeled, new, famous in Shanghai. However, for the whole area, due to the lack of financial resources, municipal planning red line limitations and other factors, the change is not great. Huasheng Road to Huakang Road, Tianmu West Road to *** and Road between the Qingyunfang, hundreds of thousands of residents are still living in a very simple, sloping roof, mud in the short houses. As long as 711 meters of **** and road only in the people on the side of the road in the early liberation of a 3-storey simple house outside, along both sides of the road are low houses, simple stores, elementary school, kindergartens. Hengfeng Road, in addition to a few larger factories, transportation companies, parking lots, the city is flat. Moling Road, the northern edge of the Shanghai East Railway Station for the low and simple wall, the southern edge of Tianmu West Road, a large piece, in addition to a number of warehouses building a little better, simple houses, ugly houses in a row.
In 1984, the preparation for the construction of the new railroad station in Shanghai, began a large-scale municipal relocation, completed at the end of 1987. The station as the center of the municipal roads, transportation facilities, commercial outlets, post and telecommunications institutions and other comprehensive construction, development, for the construction of the city to create the initial conditions.
Two, planning and construction
The end of 1987, the Shanghai Railway Station was opened to traffic, the daily train when 59 pairs, accounting for 60% of the city's passengers in and out. Together with the city's passing pedestrians, the daily passenger traffic is forecast to be nearly 2 million people. Huge crowd resources bring municipal, transportation, business, services, finance, tourism development, prosperity and considerable economic and social benefits. In order to further promote the prosperity of the railroad station area, Zhabei District, Zhabei Committee, the district government invited the relevant leaders, experts, research, discussion, six drafts, the development of the construction of the city of the night of the planning concept.
Never Night City planning function is positioned as: Shanghai land passenger hub, business sub-centers, municipal commercial centers, city life amusement park area. The main points: (1) to shape a new modern city large-scale public **** activity center as the goal. (2) in Shanghai to ensure that the northern gate of the land transportation premise, integrated urban shopping, office, catering, entertainment, residential functions, showing the characteristics of the era of the city of the night. (3) Reasonable organization of inter-port, intra-city, in and out of the city railroads, long-distance buses, metro, ground buses, cabs and other traffic, people flow, constituting the air, ground, underground three-dimensional transportation network. (4) Tianmu West Road, Hengfeng Road, the main road as the focus, building high-density, high starting point, high-grade more than 100 novel, large-scale office, commercial, residential buildings, and strive to have their own characteristics. (5) along the edge of suzhou river, build a number of multi-storey, high-rise residential, forming a new residential area, together with the transformation of suzhou river "model section" (added in 1996), become a new tourist landscape.
l992 in May, the night city construction started preparatory work, one is the district government to the domestic and foreign land lease, investment information. Second, the planning is still 18,300 units, residents relocation of resettlement, in order to let the land. 1993, the Shanghai Municipal Planning Bureau approved the detailed planning of the City of Night. The entire urban construction into a substantial stage. First of all, welcome, receive good from the United States, Canada, Japan, Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore and other countries and Hong Kong, Taiwan and other regions of the businessmen, including "Malaysia's sugar king" Guo Hernian, Hong Kong real estate giants Li Ka-shing, Lee Shau-kee, Hong Kong, Lai Sun Group, Chairman of the Lin Baixin and Hong Kong, Lishang International (Group) Limited, Chairman Wu Song. Ltd. Chairman Wu Song and other businessmen, who expressed great enthusiasm for investment in the City of Night. After negotiations, signing, leasing 21, 110,100 square meters, can build an area of 815,000 square meters, the district to raise contracted relocation and large municipal supporting works funds 1.669 billion yuan RMB. District government set up the Night City Development Office, specializing in investment reception, coordination, management, service, and strive to create good conditions for the construction of the Night City.
To 1966, the Night City area, has built 13.3 million square meters of foreign-funded housing, investment amounted to 1.39 billion yuan. Domestic-funded housing 273,500 square meters, investment amounted to 1.64 billion yuan RMB. The cumulative construction is 1,150,000 square meters. Out of the total 2.8 million square meters of construction approved in the plan, more than 800,000 square meters are for commercial and entertainment industries, more than 850,000 square meters are for office and trade facilities, and more than 1.15 million square meters are for residential and ancillary buildings. At the same time, numerous inter-port, long-distance, and intra-city bus stops have been installed and improved. Large-capacity electric power, telecommunication, water supply, drainage and gas facilities have been completed. Built a 60,000-door telephone exchange for the City of Night. Prepared hardware for the city to become a branch port of Shanghai Modern Information Port. By the end of 1996, 37 high-rise and super high-rise buildings over 100 meters had been built in the city, 18 were under construction and 26 were under preparation. The construction area is more than 1.15 million square meters, 610,000 square meters and 800,000 square meters respectively.
Three, the initial appearance of the city
1. Building construction
Almost all of the new buildings in the city, commercial buildings, hotels, hotels. And the shape of novelty, a variety of forms, constituting the 90's Shanghai city building and a scenic spot, showing the new face of Shanghai's reform and opening up. Because of the limited land, land prices are higher, so more than 100 meters above and below the high-rise, ultra-high-rise building groups, and simple appearance, increase the podium, etc., to maximize the development of space, reduce costs and increase efficiency. Foreign-funded buildings mostly out of Hong Kong Wang Ouyang design company. Building technology, materials, equipment, advanced, unique in Zhabei. In many buildings, foreign investors, Hong Kong business investment has been completed Kerry Night City, Night City Plaza, Night City commercial building is particularly spectacular. The first phase of Kerry Neverwinter City covers an area of 1.37 hectares. Building area of 110,500 square meters, office building height of 35 floors, 143 meters, business building height of 38 floors, 132 meters, podium of 4 floors, 33,000 square meters, 3 floors below ground, Zhabei is currently the highest building, the walls of the blue curtain wall glass and light red paint, warm and cold harmony. Night City Plaza, covering an area of 1.53 hectares, with a construction area of 100,000 square meters, 27 floors of office buildings and 30 floors of residential buildings, all of which are 100 meters high, with glass curtain walls, novel shapes and all imported building materials, gorgeous and trendy. Night City Commercial Building is a 9-story commercial building, covering an area of 0.48 hectares, with a construction area of 26,500 square meters. It is well-decorated with gold-plated curtain wall glass on the outer wall, which is so brilliant that it is called "Golden Frog" in the City of Night. A large number of domestic buildings, following the completion of the railroad station in Shanghai at the beginning of the completion of the South Square, located on both sides of the Huanlong Department Store, Central Asia Hotel, United Ticket Building, Post and Telecommunications Building, Longmen Hotel. Railroad Apartments and other buildings, the station built on the periphery of the East China Hotel, Kangji Building, Chang'an Building, Electrical and Mechanical Building, Famous Goods Mansion, the heart of the family department store building, the Great Wall Hotel, New Asia Plaza Hotel, a number of novel shape, advanced facilities and other large-scale commercial buildings, become the main body of the city of the night building complex. Magnolia Plaza, molded with huge stainless steel magnolia city flower modeling, embellishing the landscape of the northern gate of Shanghai land. The 36-meter-long square pedestrian street is green with red flowers. Sculpture on both sides, as high as 14-story, 20-story New Asia Plaza Hotel, New Asia Great Wall Hotel, east and west, white facade, trapezoidal floors, spacious space, quite spectacular.
2. Commercial and financial
Shanghai Jiashiqi shopping mall in the city, the City of Night commercial building, famous commercial building, the heart of the family department store commercial building, the ring of the Dragon Department Store shopping malls and other five shopping malls to become the main body of business in the City of Night area, so that the City of Night among the four major shopping malls in Shanghai, Shanghai, Shanghai, one of the top ten commercial centers. New Asia Plaza Hotel, New Asia Great Wall Hotel, Longmen Hotel, East China Hotel, Far East City Hotel, Central Asia Hotel and other star-rated hotels, Lufeng Building, Railway Apartment, Chang'an Mansion Building 3, Gongxiao Hotel, Shanghai Station Hotel, etc., many food and beverage, service industry and many small and medium-sized shopping malls (stores), restaurants, hotels open for business, so that the City of Night area business, service industry to form an all-round, multi-grade, Diversified pattern to meet different levels of consumption and increasingly prosperous.
As an important wing of the commercial building commercial (residential) office buildings, in early 1996, has built 539,700 square meters, more than 10 commercial (residential) office buildings. Among them, there are 41,000 square meters of Chang'an Building 1, 24,300 square meters of joint ticketing building, 35,200 square meters of electromechanical building, 31,000 square meters of Kangji Building, etc., there have been a number of domestic and foreign, inside and outside the city of trade, business, enterprise, administration, economic management, consulting, information and other tertiary industries, commercial markets and other businessmen to move in units.
The financial and securities industry has taken shape in the city. Industrial and Commercial Bank of China, Agricultural Bank of China, Construction Bank of China, Everbright Bank, City Cooperative Bank, People's Insurance Company and other branches have been established in the city, and there are also two branches of the stock exchange in the city.
3. Transportation, Post and Telecommunications
Shanghai Metro Line 1 Hanzhong Road Station and Shanghai Railway Station, which are the supporting transportation facilities of the railroad station in Shanghai, more than 50 bus lines in the city, and 2 large-scale taxi dispatching stations, etc., are all located in the center of the city. Constitutes the city of night for the city's internal and external passenger transportation network, especially fast, safe subway transportation for the most, 5 minutes from the Shanghai Railway Station to reach the city center of People's Square, to the new Longhua Terminal only takes half an hour. The city has been built on both sides of the east and west of the north-south viaduct Tianmu Road overpass, Changshou Road Bridge, north and south of the two corners of the expansion, the new Hengfeng Road Bridge, Hengfeng Road overpass, Hengfeng Road Bridge, across the Suzhou Creek can be to Huangpu, Jing'an and other downtown areas. Over the Hengfeng Road overpass, can be on the inner ring road elevated ring road, east of Pudong New Area, west of 312 State Road and Shanghai-Nanjing Expressway, south of 318, 320 State Road to the beginning of the north of Hu Jia Expressway connected to the 204 State Road. Through the north and south elevated road, *** and new road directly to Baoshan, Wusong area. Walking street, air corridor and underground passageway being built in the city will form a three-dimensional, spatial pedestrian network. Among them, Meiyuan Road footbridge has been completed in 1996. Located on the east side of the south square of the railroad station in Shanghai, joint ticket building and ring dragon shopping mall, 39.3 meters long, about 10.6 meters wide, the lower part of the headroom of 5.6 meters, the roof for the heat bending glass, air-conditioning and cooling in the summer. Walking stairs are set up on both sides, escalators are set up on one side of the Joint Ticketing Building, and the side of the Huanlong Shopping Center is directly connected to the stores of the shopping mall. This bridge is one of the modern closed pedestrian bridges in Shanghai.
There are as many as 10 postal and telecommunication institutions in the city, including Shanghai Post Building, Shanghai Post Heavy and Light Mail Processing Center, Municipal Post and Telecommunication Transit Center, Nocturnal City Telephone Bureau, and Shanghai National Pulse Wireless Telephone Paging Station. It handles domestic and foreign letter posting, telegram receiving and sending, telephone communication and other services. There are numerous coin-operated and magnetic card-operated public telephones to provide services to users.
4. Municipal Facilities
The edge of the city of night to the east of the Shanghai North-South Elevated Road and Tianmu Road, a 3-tiered loop of the magnificent scale of the vehicular overpass, the south across the Suzhou River, the north across the railroad line. To the west there is the Hengfeng Road overpass. Tianmu West Road is the main road across the east and west of the city of night, but also the skeleton of the Shanghai Municipal District Road, the red line width of 50 meters, the ground 6 fast 2 slow lanes. The west end is connected to the Changshou Road Bridge leading to Changshou Road in Putuo District. Hengfeng Road is one of the city's main roads, south of the city center, north of Hutai Road and the inner ring road and Hu Jia Expressway, the red line width of 40 meters, some sections of 60 meters. Tianmu, Hengfeng two busy traffic, cross-section of the peak motor vehicle traffic of more than 1,200 vehicles per hour.
In 1996, Shanghai's "Four Streets and Four Cities", the only separate supporting the opening of the construction of the Night City Telephone Bureau was completed, with a telephone capacity of 60,000 doors. Its fiber-optic communication, high-speed data transmission, satellite communication, Internet network and other facilities with the City of Night area business, commercial and other functions. It realizes the goal that users' various communication needs can be met as they arrive, and creates good conditions for the construction of the City of Night's information sub-port. 20,000-ton semi-underground water reservoir foundation is completed, and 35,000-volt substation and gas regulator station are put into use. New combined flow sewage pumping station was added, Meiyuan Road and the northern section of Minli Road were widened and opened. 220,000-volt substation and Suzhou River Comprehensive Treatment Sample Section (Hengfeng Road - Hengtong Section of Guangfu Road) projects were started successively.
5. Culture and Entertainment
Shanghai Youth Cultural Activity Center located in Hengfeng Road, Hanzhong Road intersection - Hanzhong Square, completed at the end of 1996 officially opened, is an important youth activities in the opening up of Shanghai, in addition to youth culture, science and technology, socializing, learning, etc., there is also a music cafe, In addition to youth culture, science and technology, socializing and learning, it also has a music cafe, a wedding hall, an electronic entertainment hall, a film and television screening hall, an art salon, a small indoor Disney, an electronic simulation of golf, squash, a bowling center, and a fitness center, and so on. There are science fiction rides such as Space World, Volcanic Eruption, Earthquake and Tsunami. There are also the Night City Book Plaza, the Heart Family Bowling Alley, and modern film and television entertainment projects in some shopping malls. In the Magnolia Plaza has been held to celebrate the 75th anniversary of the founding of the Chinese ****production party, ′95, ′96 International Tea Culture Festival opening ceremony and other large-scale cultural performances. Kerry Night City in the Jiashek commercial building square held with the public *** with the celebration of ′ 96 Christmas cultural and entertainment activities. The South Square of the Railway Shanghai Station has repeatedly become a position for science education, national fitness campaign, fire fighting, sanitation, legal propaganda, etc. In 1996, the implementation of the sample section of the comprehensive treatment along the Suzhou River in the City of Nights was initiated, and the construction of the City of Nights' yacht marina, the tourist function of the Suzhou River will be gradually realized.
6. Lighting project
South Square of Shanghai Railway Station to set up a number of floodlight irradiation, advertising lights, square lighting, green space and architectural lighting, road traffic lamps and lanterns, giant TV screens and electronic flop advertising. Magnolia Plaza as the center, Tianmu West Road, Hengfeng Road as the main axis, all kinds of colorful lights, becoming one of the four major night attractions in Shanghai.
Nocturnal City by the end of 1997 will have completed construction of 1.5 million square meters, accounting for 53% of the total strong. City Light Railway Pearl Line Zhabei District section of the ground works, will be through the Night City area north of the Shanghai Railway Station, to the northeast, southwest direction of operation. Railroad Shanghai station south square large double underground parking garage, Shanghai station north square city light rail line station and Shanghai station south square metro subway tunnel between the first line has entered the design stage, in 2012 is expected to start. By the year 2000, the total construction volume of about 2 million square meters will be completed, accounting for nearly 71.4% of the scale, and basically build a city that never sleeps. By 2006, to achieve all the completion of the city's expected goals, so that it has become a more complete Shanghai land passenger transportation hub, one of Shanghai's urban business center and the Shanghai Municipal District, a modern amusement park.