Question 1: the inherent causes of the differences between Chinese and Western food culture 1, the differences between Chinese and Western food concepts

History, China is one of the world's oldest countries, with 5000 years of long and heavy history, creating countless brilliant civilization, in this cultural heritage, so that China's diet is more extensive and profound. With the passage of time and the geographical differences of the vast country, the four major cuisines gradually formed, the four major cuisines form their own system, each with its own characteristics, but **** the same point is the complexity of the materials used in the examination, the production method is complex, the flavors, the dishes are varied and amazing.

Western Europe and the United States as a representative of its culture also has a long history. To the Middle Ages, European culture has been very perfect, during this period, the old Western food culture has been formed. Its main characteristics are: flour-based staple food, raw materials are also more abundant, the production method is simpler than in China, but at the same time also pay close attention to the taste.

Due to the difference in philosophical thinking between China and the West, Westerners in the diet of science. Science that emphasizes nutrition. Therefore, the Western diet to nutrition as the highest standard, eating as if for a biological machine to add fuel, especially the nutritional composition of food, protein, fat, carbohydrates, vitamins and various types of inorganic elements of the content of the right mix, the supply of calories is just right as well as these nutrients can be fully absorbed by the eaters, and there are no other side effects. These issues are cooking in the big questions, while the color, aroma and taste of the dishes, how, is a secondary requirement. That is, or in the West's premier dietary power - France, its food culture, although in many ways similar to ours, but a contact with the nutritional problems, the two sides will pull away from the distance.

China's five-flavor harmony of cooking techniques aimed at the pursuit of delicious, its processing of hot oil frying and a long time of the fire attack, will make the dishes of the nutrients are destroyed. French cooking is also the pursuit of delicious, but at the same time always forget the "nutrition" as a major premise, a taste of nutrition and the pursuit of delicious is what they do not take. Especially in the 1960s, the emergence of modern cooking ideas, special emphasis on health, weight loss, and thus the pursuit of light oil, emphasizing the use of fresh raw materials, emphasizing the cooking process to maintain the original nutrients and the original flavor, so vegetables are basically eaten raw. Therefore, the Western diet of heavy nutrition is with the universality.

2, the difference between Chinese and Western dietary objects

Westerners believe that the dishes are hungry, so specializing in eating large pieces of meat, the whole piece of chicken and other "hard vegetables"; and Chinese cuisine is "eat flavor". So Chinese cooking in the material also shows great arbitrariness: many Westerners as a discarded things, in China are excellent raw materials, foreign chefs can not deal with things, a Chinese chef's hands, can be transformed into a miracle. See the Chinese diet in the material of the arbitrariness of the broad.

According to Western botanical scholars, Chinese people eat more than 600 kinds of vegetables, six times more than the West. In fact, in the Chinese cuisine, vegetarian food is the usual food, meat only in the holidays or a higher standard of living, only to enter the usual dietary structure, so since ancient times there has been a "vegetable food", vegetable food in the usual dietary structure of the dominant position. The Chinese people's preference for plant-based cuisine is inextricably linked to the advocacy of Buddhists. Buddhism regards animals as "living souls" and plants as "spiritless", so it advocates vegetarianism.

Westerners in the introduction of their own country's dietary characteristics, feel more important than China's nutritional rationalization, there is a more developed food industry, such as canned food, fast food, etc., although the taste of the same, but to save time, and good nutrition. Therefore, their countries are generally stronger than the Chinese body: tall, long legs, broad shoulders, developed muscles; while the Chinese people appear to be small, narrow shoulders, short legs, yellow color and weak. Some people according to the obvious difference between Chinese and Western diet objects this feature, the Chinese people called plant character, Westerners called animal character.

3, the Chinese and Western Chin food way, tableware and etiquette of the different

The Chinese and Western food way is very different, this difference also has an impact on the national character. In China, any banquet, no matter what the purpose, there will only be a form, is to sit around the group, *** enjoy a seat; feasts to use the round table, which creates a form of unity, polite, *** interesting atmosphere. Delicious food in the center of a table, it is a table of people to appreciate, taste the object, but also a table of people's feelings exchange medium. People and people toast each other, let each other dishes, persuade dishes, in front of the beautiful things, reflecting the mutual respect between people, the virtue of contention. Although from the point of view of health, this way of eating has obvious shortcomings, but it is in line with our nation's "reunion" of the general mentality, reflecting the classical Chinese philosophy of "and" the category of the influence of future generations of thought, to facilitate the collective exchange of emotions, and therefore It is difficult to reform.

In terms of tableware, the differences are even more pronounced. It is well known that the Chinese people, including Asian ...... >>

Question 2: the reasons for the differences between Chinese and Western food culture differences between Chinese and Western culture

There is a film called "Gua Sha", is about the traditional Chinese medicine meridian therapy "Gua Sha" is not recognized in the United States for two thousand years, resulting in "child abuse" suspected cases, making the film "child abuse", "child abuse", "child abuse", "child abuse", "child abuse", "child abuse", and so on. "Suspicious cases, so that the movie Xu Datong family was forced to obey the law, father and son separated, husband and wife separated. In the eyes of the Chinese, it is clear that the grandfather's love for his grandson and use gua sha techniques to cure his illness, while Americans think it is child abuse. It can be seen that the difference between Chinese and Western cultural concepts is relatively large. Different cultures have different concepts, which often bring about cognitive biases and misunderstandings.

To talk about cultural differences, I think we should start with the food culture, because "food is the God of the people", which can reflect the differences in the living habits and cultural thinking of different peoples. There are three major cuisines in the world: Chinese, French and Italian. Let's take a look at the basic differences in these cuisines. In terms of food, Chinese people pay great attention to the form, pay attention to "color, aroma, taste", so Chinese cooking, the style of the dish is ever-changing, specific to each dish and pay great attention to the color and aroma of the collocation. The Europeans are very practical, in the color changes in the dish from not make much effort, pay more attention to its nutrition and protection, pay attention to the inner quality of the dish. This is the main difference between Chinese and Western food. Chinese people eat every time on a lot of food, can grow very thin, Westerners every time the dish is very little, but are more than Chinese people grow acquaintance.

And then look at the difference in tableware: knife and fork and chopsticks, not only bring the difference in eating habits, and then affect the concept of life of the East and West. Forks and knives will inevitably lead to sharing of food, while chopsticks will certainly match the family members sitting around the table *** with the meal. In the West, eating separately from the beginning has given rise to the idea and habit that Westerners emphasize independence and that their children will go out into the world on their own when they grow up. And chopsticks bring the joint meal system, highlighting the young and old sitting together family unit, thus allowing the East to have a more solid family concept.

The difference in thinking is that Chinese people are more abstract and Westerners are more concrete.

The difference in attitudes to life is that Chinese people emphasize spiritual feelings, while Westerners focus on practicality.

In the art of painting and sculpture, Chinese painting is ink and ink writing, while Western oil painting is concerned about the proportion of the human body and the principle of optics. Westerners will not be able to understand our abstract artistic expression, in the West's classic religious subject paintings, in order to illustrate that the angels are flying, it is necessary to add a pair of wings to those lovely little elves. Because they only think of wings to fly. In carvings, the Chinese pay more attention to imagination and mood, for example, a monkey squatting on the back of a horse, their proportions are not much different, but only expresses a mood: immediately feudal lords. Western carvings, on the other hand, emphasize realism and subtlety, and would never produce a work of art with such disproportionate proportions.

The Chinese like to introduce their guests with words of praise, and add a lot of subjective comments. But Westerners believe that the introduction of guests do not have to be judgmental, all subjective comments have a feeling of imposition, the introduction of the main highlights the identity of the person being introduced, education, positions, etc., and should not be attached to the appearance and abstract evaluation.

China's friends, family, and coworkers are very casual, inviting others to visit without having to set a time for the other side, and visiting others without having to solemnly ask for permission. The American people don't have the habit of visiting. If you have something to do, you need to make an appointment in advance. It is impolite to come to the door at any time without the other person's permission. The Americans also see it as disrupting other people's private time and activity schedules.

Chinese people lack hugs and skin-to-skin contact. It is a great pity that we are not good at using physical gestures to express friendliness and closeness between people. Psychological studies have shown that children who are touched and hugged often are much healthier psychologically than those who lack being touched and hugged. The same is true for adults. People need to be touched. Chinese kids are far less hugged and kissed than American kids, and by the time you're ten or so, you rarely get hugged and kissed, including by your parents and relatives. Other than a handshake, we don't have physical contact with another until we are in a relationship. In other words, we usually go a decade or more without physical intimacy. In Western culture, parents and children, siblings, and close friends grow up with uninterrupted hugs and kisses. Anyone in their right mind will have experienced that no verbal expression can replace physical expression. The term "body language" is used in both sociology and psychology textbooks. Chinese culture lacks a rich body language to express feelings and sharing between people.

Parents in the United States never help their children with their homework. They think: if parents are teachers, what are the teachers at their children's schools for? If a child makes a mistake in doing homework, they don't give ...... >>

Question 3: What are the cultural differences between Chinese and Western food? However, different cultural backgrounds have different food concepts and food customs, which ultimately lead to different food cultures.

Chinese food culture has a long history, profound and far-reaching influence, and is popular all over the world. It has gone through thousands of years of historical development, has become the excellent cultural heritage of the Chinese nation, the world's food culture treasure trove in a bright pearl. Some countries in the West were once colonies of some countries and gathered immigrants from various countries, so these countries were y influenced by the food culture of various countries, and combined with their own eating habits, forming a delicate and specialized dimension, a self-contained system of food civilization.

The difference between Chinese and Western cultures creates the difference between Chinese and Western food cultures, and this difference comes from the different ways of thinking and philosophies of the world.

Difference between Chinese and Western dietary concepts

The West is a rational and scientific dietary concept. They emphasize the nutritional value of the diet, focusing on the amount of protein, fat, calories and vitamins contained in the food, paying special attention to whether the nutrient content of the food is appropriate, whether the supply of calories is appropriate, and whether these nutrients can be fully absorbed by the eaters, with or without any other side effects, and try to maintain the original juice of the food and the natural nutrients, rather than the pursuit of the food's color, aroma, flavor, and the shape of the perfect. Even if the taste is uniform, or even tastes like chewing wax, they will eat it, Westerners eat is nutrition. They seldom or hardly associate diet with spiritual enjoyment. A strong practical and utilitarian purpose is reflected in diet. Westerners believe that diet is only a means of survival, used to fill the stomach and hunger, only it adopts a more scientific, standardized and rational way. For example, their primary and secondary schools are equipped with dietitians to ensure that young people's nutrition is adequate and balanced. This scientific rationalization of the concept of diet, is worth Chinese food to learn from. But at the same time, this also makes the western food in the materials used by the great limitations. For example, Westerners do not eat animal offal and all the things that they think have no nutritional value. At the same time in the cooking skills also appear mechanical dull, steak is steak, chicken is chicken, all kinds of vegetables will never be mixed string of flavors, but also will not change how many tricks to.

The Chinese diet emphasizes the sensibility and artistry, the pursuit of dietary taste sensation, without paying attention to the nutritional composition of food, more from the "color, aroma, taste, shape" and other aspects of the evaluation of the diet of the good and bad, the pursuit of a kind of difficult to convey the mood. Simply put, the Chinese people eat is the taste, "taste", is the charm of the Chinese diet. The purpose of the Chinese diet, in addition to hunger, but also to meet the desire for delicious, bring physical and mental pleasure.

The beauty of harmony is the essence of Chinese culinary art. Such as the famous Fujian dish "Buddha jumped over the wall", which has chicken, duck, pig's trotters, abalone, sea cucumber, pork belly, shark's fin and other main ingredients, as well as several kinds of side ingredients. This modulation out of the finished product, personality is buried, but the whole is shining, which is with the Chinese people depreciation of individuality, the average, heavy and the mediocrity of the middle way is common.

The Chinese diet overemphasizes the sense of taste, as well as the spiritual enjoyment of the meal, ignoring the nutritional analysis and nutritional rationale, there is its one-sidedness. While the Western diet focuses on scientific analysis and nutrition, although it has its mechanical nature, but fundamentally, it is positive for the maintenance of the healthy development of the human body. Therefore, Chinese food in its development, should learn from the Western "scientific" concept, to make up for the shortcomings, make it more perfect.

The difference between Chinese and Western dietary content

Westerners uphold the nomadic people, seafaring people's cultural lineage to fishing, hunting, farming, supplemented by the collection, planting, more meat, food, clothing, and use of animals, even Western medicine from the animal body to take the material refining and production. Pay more attention to the intake of animal protein and fat, the structure of the diet, but also to animal dishes, mainly beef, chicken, pork, mutton and fish. Therefore, the proportion of meat in the diet has been very high. In modern times, the proportion of plantation has increased, but the proportion of meat in the diet is still higher than that of the Chinese.

Because China has been a large agricultural country since ancient times, coupled with population pressure and the existence of a variety of other reasons, the Chinese diet from the pre-Qin Dynasty onwards, it is grain-based, meat less grain, supplemented by vegetables, vegetables, plant-based dishes dominate. According to Western botanical scholars survey, Chinese people eat more than 600 kinds of vegetables, six times more than the West. Usually eat more "vegetarian dishes", the annual festival only added into the meat dishes. This diet is also heavily influenced by Buddhist culture. According to Buddhism, animals are "living beings", and living beings cannot be killed, let alone eaten. In addition, Taoism also avoid eating fish and meat and other meat, and thus in China to open the wind of vegetarianism, but also promote the cultivation of vegetable plants and cooking production technology development, especially the development of bean products technology. But with the improvement of living standards ...... >>

Question 4: What is the reason why the two dietary cultures of China and the West are different 1, the temperature caused by the region, species and other different

2, the historical heritage is different

3, humanities are different

Question 5: The differences between Chinese and Western dietary cultures Briefly talk about the differences between Chinese and Western dietary cultures

Catering products due to regional characteristics, climate and environment, customs and practices. Dining products due to regional characteristics, climate and environment, customs and other factors, there will be raw materials, flavors, cooking methods, eating habits of different degrees of difference. It is because of these differences that catering products have a strong regional character. Differences between Chinese and Western cultures create differences between Chinese and Western food culture, and this difference comes from the different ways of thinking and philosophies of the world. Chinese people focus on the "unity of heaven and mankind", while Westerners focus on "people-oriented".

Here briefly from the following three aspects of the differences between Chinese and Western food culture.

First, two different dietary concepts

Compared to the Chinese diet, which focuses on "taste", the West is a rational dietary concept. Regardless of the color, aroma, taste, and shape of the food, nutrition must be guaranteed, and how many calories, vitamins, proteins, etc. must be consumed in a day. Even if the taste is uniform, it must be eaten - because there is nutrition. This concept of diet is compatible with the entire philosophical system of the West. Metaphysics is the main characteristic of Western philosophy. The object of study in Western philosophy is the theory of things, and the theory of things is often the theory of metaphysics, and the theory of metaphysics is coherent with each other, and then it is formed into the philosophy of metaphysics. This philosophy has brought vitality to Western culture, which has realized a rapid development in natural science, psychology, and methodology. However, in some other aspects, this philosophical proposition has greatly hindered, such as food culture. In the banquet, you can pay attention to tableware, pay attention to materials, pay attention to service, pay attention to the shape of the raw materials of the dish, the color of the collocation; but no matter how luxurious and high-grade, from Los Angeles to New York, steak is only a flavor, no art. As a dish, chicken is chicken, steak is steak, even if there is a match, it is also in the plate, a plate of "French lamb chops", one side of the mashed potatoes, leaning on the side of the lamb chops, the other side of the boiled green beans, with a few slices of tomato will become. Contrasting colors, but in the taste of a variety of raw materials are not related to each other, reconcile, each is the taste of each, simple and clear.

The Chinese people are very important to "eat", "people eat for heaven" this proverb shows that we eat as important as heaven. As our nation has been in a low level of productivity for thousands of years, people always have not enough to eat, so there will be a unique food culture that puts food above all else, I think, this is probably out of a need to survive. If a culture to eat as the first thing, then there will be two phenomena: on the one hand, the function of eating will be played to the extreme, not only to maintain survival, but also to use it to maintain health, which is the cultural basis of "medicine is not as good as dietary supplements"; on the other hand, the excessive importance of eating, will make people promote the pursuit of delicious.

In Chinese cooking, the pursuit of flavor is almost so extreme that when Chinese people go overseas to make a living, they open a restaurant as a business, and it has become the foundation of our life in the world! Unfortunately, while we have made the pursuit of deliciousness our first requirement, we have neglected the most fundamental nutritional value of food. Many of our traditional foods are subjected to hot deep-frying and prolonged cooking over a gentle fire, which destroys the nutrients of the dishes, and many of the nutrients are lost in the processing. Thus, when it comes to nutrition, it actually touches on the biggest weakness of Chinese food culture. There is a folk saying: "Food is the sky, food is flavor first". It's this pursuit of flavor that has caused us to overlook the true meaning of eating.

Chinese people in the tasting dishes, often say that this dish "delicious", that dish "is not good"; however, if you want to further ask what is called "delicious", why "good", "good", "good", "good", "good", "good", "good", "good", "good", "good", "good", "good", "good", "good", "good". Why "delicious", "delicious" where, I'm afraid it is not easy to say clearly. This shows that the Chinese people on the pursuit of food is a kind of unspeakable "mood", that is, the use of what is usually called "color, aroma, taste, shape, ware" to the specificity of this "realm"! I'm afraid it's still very difficult to cover.

The reason why Chinese food has its unique charm, the key lies in its flavor. And the production of delicious, lies in the harmonization, to make the food flavor, after heating the cooked flavor, plus ingredients and auxiliary flavor and seasoning and flavor, interweaving and fusion and coordination together, so that they complement each other, mutual help penetration, water *** integration, you have me, I have you. Chinese cooking and the beauty of harmony, is the essence of Chinese culinary arts. The shape and color of the dishes is something external, but the taste is something internal, heavy internal and not deliberately modify the appearance, heavy dishes taste but not too much show dishes shape and color, which is the most important performance of the Chinese beauty of the concept of food.

In China, the pursuit of dietary beauty obviously overrides rationality, and this dietary concept is also consistent with traditional Chinese philosophical thinking. As a representative of Eastern philosophy, Chinese philosophy, its notable features ...... >>

Question 6: Chinese people's dietary characteristics A brief discussion of the differences between Chinese and Western food culture

Catering products due to the influence of regional characteristics, climate and environment, customs, etc., there will be in the raw materials, flavors, cooking methods, dietary habits on the different degrees of difference. It is because of these differences, catering products have a strong regional. Differences between Chinese and Western cultures create differences between Chinese and Western food cultures and this difference comes from the different ways of thinking and philosophies of the world. Chinese people pay attention to the "unity of heaven and mankind", Westerners pay attention to "people-oriented".

Here briefly from the following three aspects of the differences between Chinese and Western food culture.

First, two different dietary concepts

Compared to the Chinese diet, which focuses on "taste", the West is a rational dietary concept. Regardless of the color, aroma, taste, and shape of the food, nutrition must be guaranteed, and how many calories, vitamins, proteins, etc. must be consumed in a day. Even if the taste is uniform, it must be eaten - because there is nutrition. This concept of diet is compatible with the entire philosophical system of the West. Metaphysics is the main characteristic of Western philosophy. The object of study in Western philosophy is the theory of things, and the theory of things is often the theory of metaphysics, and the theory of metaphysics is coherent with each other, and then it is formed into the philosophy of metaphysics. This philosophy has brought vitality to Western culture, which has realized a rapid development in natural science, psychology, and methodology. However, in some other aspects, this philosophical proposition has greatly hindered, such as food culture. In the banquet, you can pay attention to tableware, pay attention to materials, pay attention to service, pay attention to the shape of the raw materials of the dish, the color of the collocation; but no matter how luxurious and high-grade, from Los Angeles to New York, steak is only a flavor, no art. As a dish, chicken is chicken, steak is steak, even if there is a match, it is also in the plate, a plate of "French lamb chops", one side of the mashed potatoes, leaning on the side of the lamb chops, the other side of the boiled green beans, with a few slices of tomato will become. Contrasting colors, but in the taste of a variety of raw materials are not related to each other, reconcile, each is the taste of each, simple and clear.

The Chinese people are very important to "eat", "people eat for heaven" this proverb shows that we eat as important as heaven. As our nation has been in a low level of productivity for thousands of years, people always have not enough to eat, so there will be a unique food culture that puts food above all else, I think, this is probably out of a need to survive. If a culture to eat as the first thing, then there will be two phenomena: on the one hand, the function of eating will be played to the extreme, not only to maintain survival, but also to use it to maintain health, which is the cultural basis of "medicine is not as good as dietary supplements"; on the other hand, the excessive importance of eating, will make people promote the pursuit of delicious.

In Chinese cooking, the pursuit of flavor is almost so extreme that when Chinese people go overseas to make a living, they open a restaurant as a business, and it has become the foundation of our life in the world! Unfortunately, while we have made the pursuit of deliciousness our first requirement, we have neglected the most fundamental nutritional value of food. Many of our traditional foods are subjected to hot deep-frying and prolonged cooking over a gentle fire, which destroys the nutrients of the dishes, and many of the nutrients are lost in the processing. Thus, when it comes to nutrition, it actually touches on the biggest weakness of Chinese food culture. There is a folk saying: "Food is the sky, food is flavor first". It's this pursuit of flavor that has caused us to overlook the true meaning of eating.

Chinese people in the tasting dishes, often say that this dish "delicious", that dish "is not good"; however, if you want to further ask what is called "delicious", why "good", "good", "good", "good", "good", "good", "good", "good", "good", "good", "good", "good", "good", "good", "good". Why "delicious", "delicious" where, I'm afraid it is not easy to say clearly. This shows that the Chinese people on the pursuit of food is a kind of unspeakable "mood", that is, the use of what is usually called "color, aroma, taste, shape, ware" to the specificity of this "realm"! I'm afraid it's still very difficult to cover.

The reason why Chinese food has its unique charm, the key lies in its flavor. And the production of delicious, lies in the harmonization, to make the food flavor, after heating the cooked flavor, plus ingredients and auxiliary flavor and seasoning and flavor, interweaving and fusion and coordination together, so that they complement each other, mutual help penetration, water *** integration, you have me, I have you. Chinese cooking and the beauty of harmony, is the essence of Chinese culinary arts. The shape and color of the dishes is something external, but the taste is something internal, heavy internal and not deliberately modify the appearance, heavy dishes taste but not too much show dishes shape and color, which is the most important performance of the Chinese beauty of the concept of food.

In China, the pursuit of dietary beauty obviously overrides rationality, and this view of diet is also consistent with traditional Chinese philosophical thought. As a representative of Eastern philosophy ...... >>

Question 7: Urgent! Please: Chinese and Western food culture differences between the domestic and international research status rush! 求:中西方饮食文化差异的国内外研究现状

------------------------ disorder!