(Minhang District, May 20th before the college entrance examination survey)

Reading (80 points)

(1) Read below and complete the question 1-8. (2 1)

What kind of cultural spirit does Wang advocate?

In a traditional country with a long history and culture, if people with special hobbies are allowed to have fun in ancient books, I wonder how many interesting things can be extracted from them for entertainment. Great country, magnificent chapter; There are endless affairs, endless joys and sorrows, endless joys and sorrows, endless gossip about rise and fall! After all, the ancient things in the ancient books that some people regard as treasures are originally gadgets that artists use to fiddle with in the alleys of pubs! Today, I was invited to the front desk by some literati, put on the coat of culture, and swayed all the way to the stage; The solemn state of wearing a coat in ancient books was stripped naked by some university professors and scholars today and became a young and glamorous model.

In fact, being open-minded is not just a matter of casual play. If it does not affect the entertainment of the audio-visual public, people with cultural identity must rely on their existing reputation to make a distinctive voice, which is anti-traditional and more secular than the secular. In fact, the cultural spirit we advocate today is not abstract. Its core content is to construct a positive cultural content and spiritual realm, and vigorously carry forward the sense of responsibility and professionalism. These are the most important things in the humanistic spirit. However, some remarks we have seen recently are really quite different from the above spirit. Some people pick up some decadent things from historical sites as selling points, hoping to sell them for money, which leads to the juxtaposition of dross and essence, decay and admiration, morbid and health. What else is there "where is the charm of Cixi" and "xi Stone can be listed as the seven sons of the pre-Qin Dynasty"? I don't know how much insight you can show by tossing about these old accounts. Maybe they want to turn all the secrets hidden underground into unearthed cultural relics and make a unique column by themselves in their lifetime. As we all know, as long as the direction is wrong, even if a few historical mysteries are solved by DNA gene identification, so what?

I really want to persuade these cultural people to face up to this fertile cultural soil under our feet soberly, although sowing can be harvested through intensive cultivation; But weeds don't need to be sown. They can grow wildly as soon as they land, until the crops need all the fertilizer, so the crops are not harvested. But human reproduction depends on the nutrition of food rather than weeds! The theory of society and nature is the same. Nowadays, many people's vision is more and more confined in a narrow space, which obscures their wisdom, indulges in pleasure and sinking, and even loses the state of mind to understand the philosophy of life in human nature. Fortunately, some cultural backbones have been working hard, and some writers stick to the people and live a cold life, but the words they write are warm.

What is worth revisiting is Mao Zedong's speech at the Yan 'an Forum on Literature and Art. He still feels that he has given a prescription to people of different cultures. What is the "whose literature and art belongs to us" proposed in the article? After more than half a century, it still has a strong guiding significance for today's cultural scholars. Today's literary and art workers must have the subjective consciousness of serving "the broadest part of the Chinese nation, that is, the broadest masses of the people" and truly serve "tens of thousands of working people in Qian Qian", so they must critically absorb some useful things from the excellent cultural heritage. We should go deep into the people, closely combine the true essence of cultural inheritance with the spirit of the times, and build a cultural home belonging to this era.

We should not avoid contradictions, which are universal. The key is to face them squarely. As long as we dare to face the contradictions and conflicts in reality and have the cultural spirit of serving the people, we can inspire the wisdom of solving problems and shape the national cultural soul belonging to this era.

1, (2 points) The first paragraph highlights the word "dig":

2.(4 points) Summarize these two cultural phenomena in concise language in the first paragraph.

( 1)

(2)

3.(2 points) "So what?" What do you mean you can't reach it?

4.(3 points) What is the function of the metaphor of "weeds" in the third paragraph?

5.(2 points) "One principle" refers to:

6.(2 points) "Body temperature" refers to:

7 (2 points) The specific content of "pharmacy" in the fourth paragraph is:

8.(4 points) Opening books is beneficial. Combine this article and talk about your reading choices.

(2) Read the following and complete 9- 14 (18).

Commemorate Cao Xu on New Year's Eve.

When I was a child, my parents were in Shanghai; My grandmother and I are in our hometown in the countryside, living one long winter after another.

② Half of the old house is buried in Zita Law; Usually no one comes, and relatives rarely walk around. The sunshine in front of the hall is cold and lonely. Only on New Year's Eve, when every family prepares for the Spring Festival for their ancestors, will the hall be lively.

(3) Sacrificing ancestors on New Year's Eve is a folk custom spreading in the south of the Yangtze River. People who have been busy for a year, when the harvest is over, the grain is returned to the warehouse, the cattle and sheep are safe, and when the year is coming to an end, they think of paying homage to and comforting their ancestors.

The family put some fish sacrifices on the table, lit incense sticks, reunited with their ancestors and had dinner together. Please bless them, the weather will be fine next year.

I have been with my grandmother since I was a child, and I visit her every New Year's Eve, which is regarded as ancestor worship. She is busy outside, and regards ancestor worship as the most solemn thing in a year, and she stirs up the inheritance of a family by herself.

6. On this day, all the ancestors came, and grandma seemed to have returned to her as a girl and a junior, with a rosy face, a lively expression and a lot of words.

The ancestors who came to eat had elders and relatives; In-laws, grandparents; Parents who also have their own parents get together once a year to chat and catch up.

Today, when facing our ancestors and predecessors, my grandmother is free. Say what you want to say. There is nothing to hide, nothing to hide, our ancestors will know. A year's grievances, grievances and anger are sometimes vented for the sake of ancestors.

I look forward to my ancestors, because they have meat to eat. We can't eat meat at ordinary times, so wait for the day when we worship our ancestors. In order to worship the ancestors, grandma will go to the nearby Xigang township market town to buy a fish and a lot of meat; Chop the meat, make meatballs with ginseng and lotus root starch, and fry them in oil pan.

At that time, I thought meatballs were the best food in the world. Ever since my grandmother chopped meat, I've seen meatballs rolling around in the oil pan, red, and the smell made my mouth water. At that time, I was like a puppy, hiding behind my grandmother and I couldn't get rid of it.

(1 1) Fish for ancestors is said to be for ancestors, but ancestors don't eat it; A round meatball will fall into my mouth sooner or later. So, without reminding me, I helped my grandmother move a beech square table to the center of the room, and put a cup on the table, which was full of wine.

(12) once, I secretly took a sip of wine and immediately said loudly to my grandmother, "grandma, grandma, that's not right. Not wine, but water. " Grandma said firmly, "It's wine, not water."

(13) I said, "It's water." Grandma said angrily, "Stop it."

(14) From then on, I knew that the wine for ancestors was actually water.

(15) After the wine is poured, fish is served, long benches are placed around, and incense sticks are lit. My grandmother won't allow me to touch those benches when the cigarette rises.

(16) She said, "The ancestors have come. You should be good and give them a good impression. "

(17) I used to love my grandmother very much, but then I suddenly became severe.

(18) If I stand in the doorway and get in the way, she will rudely pull me aside and say, "Little ancestor, get out of the way, the ancestor is coming." I thought it was really here. I waited for a long time, but no one came. Then he said, "grandma, grandma, our ancestors haven't come yet."

(19) Grandma said, "Don't talk."

(20) handfuls of me aside, at this moment, she murmured, as if welcoming her ancestors.

(2 1) The ancestors came and my grandmother asked them to sit down one by one. Seats are arranged according to seniority and are in good order. Ancestors know which seat to sit in. Grandma exchanged pleasantries with her.

(22) Whoever drank well before his death, his grandmother added a little more to his glass and filled it up, telling them not to mention it, saying, "We are all from our own family, and there are no outsiders."

(23) When the wine is finished, grandma will pour out the wine and then fill the rice with a small handleless wine cup; Whoever ate a lot before his death, his grandmother never forgot to give him more rice, or put two cups of rice next to him and let him help himself. Grandma knows who eats less and who eats more. When my ancestors were eating, I always heard my grandmother say:

(24) "Pray for ancestors to bless the good weather this year and Er Qiao (my father's real name) to be safe. Hua (my real name) looks like a pig and dog. "

(25) Pigs and dogs on the farm are commendatory words. I hope children can be raised like dogs. Like a pig, it is a sign of health to sleep after eating and eat after sleeping.

(26) When my ancestors were eating, my grandmother told me to burn tin foil and paper money. While burning, my grandmother muttered, "I didn't burn much during the Chinese New Year this year. Now it's so difficult in the countryside. I will burn more next Qingming. " My grandmother always said the same thing. I think life in the country is very difficult. Why didn't my ancestors care?

(27) When the fire started, it was the ancestors who came to get the money. The whole process is like acting, less than half an hour.

(28) Eat and drink, take money, gently cross the bench, and the ancestors have left. At this time, grandma often wipes her tears, and I always stand by and watch her.

Now I know that my grandmother wiped her tears not for her ancestors, but for herself. It suddenly dawned on me that it was a lonely soul, complaining to a group of lonely souls from Aidit. The days in winter are very long, she has no bosom friend, and many grievances and sorrows are in her heart. By the end of the year, no one said anything.

Fifty years have passed.

Grandma died long ago, and the old house collapsed. The only old things in the country are the red cherries planted by grandma in the yard, and the old roots are still blooming. But who has heard of it? When the red cherry is in full bloom, who will listen to the sound of "poop-poop, poop-poop"? That was the voice of my childhood.

(3 1) After my grandmother died, we never paid homage to our ancestors. There is no custom of ancestor worship in the city, and there is no custom of ancestor worship at home. Although I have reached my grandmother's age, I almost forgot the ceremony of ancestor worship and almost lost it.

(32) On New Year's Eve this year, when the Chinese New Year was approaching, the scene of offering sacrifices to my grandmother as a child suddenly came to my mind. I thought of my ancestors and my grandmother, and my heart was full of sadness.

I said to my wife, "Starting this year, we will also provide for our ancestors. The first one is for my grandmother who loves me the most. "

9.(4 points) The first paragraph is "long" and meaningful. Please analyze its function:

10, (3 points) The sixth paragraph writes about grandmother's performance in front of ancestors just to write:

1 1, (2 points) The "wine" provided by grandma to ancestors is actually water. What does it imply?

12, (3 points) The "I" in the article says something that is not in harmony with the environment from time to time, with the purpose of:

13, (4 points) The spelling of "red cherry" in the old house is similar to the ending of ""in high school. What is the purpose of this writing?

14, (2 points) combined with the full text, the incorrect judgment is selected as ().

A, when the author writes about New Year's Eve, he actually writes about grandma.

B, write grandma's New Year's Eve, and write about the hardships of life.

C, write my first article to my grandmother, be grateful and express my understanding of my grandmother.

D, write specifically, such as ancestors sitting on the ground, eating, talking, and withdrawing money, mainly to show grandmother's sincerity in praying for her children and grandchildren.

(3) Fill in the blanks in the following famous articles and sentences (choose 6 blanks) (6 points)

15, (1) The east ship is quiet, and the west ship is quiet.

(2) Perseverance; Hang in there.

(3) Disciples need not be inferior to teachers.

(4) Scholars should strive for self-improvement.

(5) The Silk River with beautiful spring scenery floats between heaven and earth.

I was twenty years old when I was appointed to the defeated army.

(7) Try burning jade for three days.

(4) Read the following words and complete the question 16- 18. (8 points)

Happy yarn? Jingzhou Yuemaju first boarded the tower to see the traffic jam.

[Song] Zhang Xiaoxiang

Frosty days, full of water, embroidered flags with sheath sound, and weak grass.

Wan Li Central Plains North War, a statue of muddy wine guarding the east of the building, the bar cried to hate Taiwan.

16, (3 points) What is written in "Water is empty"? Where's the good news?

17, (3 points) The Bar Crys to Hate Taiwan expresses the author's mood:

18, (2 points) The incorrect understanding of this word is ().

A, the first film is about what you see before your eyes, and the second sentence is about the army in the Southern Song Dynasty.

B, "Nothing in Light Tobacco" is to write a scene, but there is no lack of bleak meaning in the scene.

C, the next film focuses on writing your own feelings. "The Central Plains of Wan Li" describes the vastness of the occupied land.

D, "A statue of turbid wine", written because of the war, lack of materials, there is no good wine in the military camp.

(5) Read the following and complete the question 19-23. (14)

Ancient clay figurine Ji Yun

Liu Yuchong, whose name is unknown, is from Cangzhou. Because he is withdrawn and likes to talk about ancient systems, pedantry is not feasible. Taste Qian Dong Shi Tian's paintings, and the topic of fasting before and after. There is a cloud in Studying in Lin Qiu: "When you are the root of autumn, there is nothing in it. I don't know what to read. But that was a long time ago. Just hold it, or the spectrum of the minefield. " Guy genoa.

I have an ancient art book, which I have studied for many years, claiming to be able to release100000. There will be bandits, self-training township soldiers and their horns, and the whole team will be defeated and captured. I also got ancient water conservancy books and read the classics for many years, claiming that it can make thousands of miles fertile. List the state officials. It is also a good thing for the state officials to try one village. The ditch has just formed, and the water is so big that it is poured into the canal. Few people are fish.

He was not complacent because of depression. He shook his head and said to himself, "Did the ancients bully me?" If so, thousands of times a day, only these six words. Soon, he died of illness. After the wind is clear and the moon is white, every time I see his soul under the pine and cypress in front of the tomb, I shake my head and walk alone. Listen and recite six words. Or laugh, you want to hide. Wait for it the next day, and it will come back. Hun people are stupid, why are they stupid, even stupid?

Arvin Qin Gong once said, "Having a full stomach is harmful to books, but having no books in your stomach is also harmful. The national game does not spend the old spectrum, but does not hold the old spectrum; Traditional Chinese medicine does not stick to the ancient prescription, but it does not leave the ancient prescription. So,' God is wise, but there is only one person.' He also said,' You can behave yourself in front of others, but you can't make them smart. "'

19, (1) Houzhai Gong surname

20, (4 points) explain the supplementary words:

(1) Chang Gan Dong Hua () (2) Gou Cheng ()

(3) Several people were captured () (4) One hundred thousand people ()

2 1, (4 points) Translation:

(1) The national costume does not use the old spectrum, but it does not stick to the old spectrum.

(2) can be kind to others, but can't make people smart.

22.(2 points) Choose the item with the same meaning as "Zhi" ().

(1) Cover Kinoya (2) Lift your ears (3) Wait for the next day (4) It's a sunny day and a round of Bai Yue.

a、①② B、①③ C、①④ D、①③

23.(3 points) How to understand the statements of "not sticking to the ancient ways" and "not leaving the ancient ways"?

(6) Read the following and complete questions 24-28. (13)

Practitioner Zhang Dai

I heard He Mingtai and Wang Benwu play the piano in Songjiang yesterday. He Mingtai can't turn the board into a living thing, but his cover is also real. Wang Benwu can't practice, and his cover is oily. Both of them are seriously ill. That's what I do. who is it? Pianists, beginners, can't be familiar with; You cann't give birth when it's cooked. Life, not astringent, confused and forgotten, is also called intermittent. The ancients played the piano, rubbed off the notes and successfully responded to their hearts. In the meantime, the ingenuity of hooking up, the uniformity of dressing, the spirit of echoing, and the wonder of frustration really don't mean to pick and choose, a kind of fresh air, which people are less and less aware of. You can't do this if you're not very skilled, disabled and sophisticated. Once again, this method of practicing life, playing the piano and flute, singing and acting, drawing and writing, and writing poems, suddenly became angry. If you are angry, you will be clear; People who lose this anger will eventually become scum. When we play the piano, we are only angry about this paragraph. Today, the people who play the piano in the Soviet Union have no sound at all, only sound. After a long pause, the context is broken and there is no life. This is the way to die, you can do without learning. My brother always takes the clock as his responsibility, but does he take his brother's words as his own?

24.(3 points) According to the context, the process of a mature pianist practicing piano should be:

□→□→□

25.(2 points) The following item with different sentence patterns is ()

First, non-astringent amnesia is also called intermittent amnesia.

B, ancient people can't be bullied.

C. nosy young people in the village

D, I don't know the meaning of this sentence

26. (2 points) From the article, familiarity is seeking, and life is seeking.

27.(2 points) The reason for "I am me" is:

28.(4 points) How to understand the changes between raw and cooked?

Writing (70 points)

29. Read the following materials and write as required.

Specifically, farewell makes people burst into tears; In the abstract, sending exercises our realm to rise. Please write a composition with the title of "Farewell", no less than 800 words, and the style is not limited (except poetry).

Reference answers to Chinese examination papers in 2009

(Minhang District, May 20th before the college entrance examination survey)

Reading (80 points)

( 1)

1, profound and meticulous, highlighting the low taste of some literati.

2.( 1) Label vulgar things as culture and vigorously promote them.

(2) Turn solemn things into vulgar fashion to cater to the tastes of some people.

3, you can't make yourself famous, which means that the university asked.

4. Write the harmfulness of vulgar culture incisively and vividly.

5. Have lofty aspirations and intensive efforts.

6. The writer's emotion, affection and efforts

7. First, the subjective consciousness of consciously serving the broadest masses of the people; Second, critically inherit the excellent and beneficial things in the cultural heritage.

8. Write from two aspects (omitted)

(2)

9. It highlights grandmother's loneliness and lays a concise foundation for the full text.

10, write about my grandmother's excitement and excitement, which is the contrast of my grandmother's long-term loneliness.

1 1, suggesting the hardships of life at that time.

12, set off grandma's pious attitude and heavy mood; It also echoes the understanding at the end of the article.

13, "Chronicle of Ridge", vividly wrote the thoughts of grandma, childhood and great changes.

14、D

(3)

15, (1) only (only) see the autumn moon in the middle of the river.

(2) Stones can be carved, but rotten wood cannot be carved.

(3) A teacher does not need to be superior to his disciples.

(4) A long way to go.

(5) Like a cloud and a jade peak, between ancient and modern times

(6) to be ordered to keep calm in times of crisis.

(7) The material selection period is seven years.

(4)

16, wrote that water and sky are connected, and it is an open scene.

17, the enemy is in your block, but there is no way to serve the country.

18、D

(5)

19, Ji

20.( 1) Please (2) only, just (3) almost (4) ahead; commander in chief

2 1, (1) The highest-level players should either keep the old score or die conservative.

(2) can teach people general methods, but can't make people use them flexibly.

22、B

23, not muddy, there is innovation in inheritance; Never leave, never forget to inherit when innovating. It is also the relationship between my intelligence and human intelligence.

(6)

24, raw → cooked → raw

25、C

26. Familiarity is skill, and life is life and vitality.

27, I am too familiar to be born, I slip.

28. Tell us that the progress of art is a spiral process. Starting to seek maturity is a technical pursuit, and leaving maturity at the mature stage is an artistic personality and artistic originality.

Writing (70 points)

29, refer to the college entrance examination composition scoring standard (omitted)

Appreciation materials of song ci

Huanxisha Zhang Xiaoxiang P 1448

The short sentence of Mr. Yuhu under the name of this dictionary, the main road edition, has a short sentence "Jingzhou is the first to climb the tower to watch the traffic jam", which should be the work of the author Ren Jingnan, the satrap and the ambassador of Jinghu Lake. Mr Ma Ju, whose identity is unknown, is suspected to be the author's assistant in Jingzhou. "Watching traffic jams" means watching traffic jams. At this time, Xiangfan, north of Jingzhou, was still in the Song Dynasty, and the "fortress" here should refer to the fortifications outside Jingzhou.

This word expresses the grief over the fall of the Central Plains caused by guarding the fort. The first sentence is about the natural scenery of the fortress countryside and points out the seasons. "Clear Sky in first frost" depicts the clear sky in Wan Li in autumn, while the weather in first frost is inevitably sunny in the unfathomable. "Water in the air" means that water meets the sky. There is a long lake to the east of Jingzhou, which means "dipping in empty water" or this lake. This sentence is written about the vast sky, reflected from top to bottom, and it is the real scene of Jingzhou rural plain. The second sentence is in line with the viewpoint of traffic jam, which is refreshing and very military. The sheath is the tip of the whip. "Embroidered flag" is a military flag embroidered with objects. Loud whips and dazzling red flags stand out among the objects that are easily influenced by eyes and ears, so they give people a very cordial impression. The word "smoke" distracted the sight and showed the vast scene of the endless border. If the first sentence is an objective reflection of the natural scenery in the author's senses from the beginning, then it can be said that the poet's deep feelings to be seen are boundless. Compared with Wang Wei's poem "Where the Mountains Are Both There and Not There", although the scene is similar, the meaning beyond the image is more profound. Dongpo once said that Liu Yong "the frost is tight, the river is cold, and the sunset is a building" and that "the height of the Tang people is not diminished", which can also be seen in this way.

From observing the traffic jam, I naturally think of the occupied Central Plains, and the phrase "Wan Li" is to observe the emotion caused by traffic jam. The bonfire is a border warning facility. Since everything is in the north of the bonfire, it goes without saying that everything in the Central Plains is unimaginable. Just mentioning it like this can be worth a thousand words. In the meantime, how many unspeakable tragedies! The sentence "one statue" is a connecting link between the preceding and the following. Looking north at the Central Plains, I feel infinite. I want to drown my sorrows by drinking, but it's really a "toast to drown my sorrows" and I can't help crying to the wind. "Turbid wine" is a kind of wine with turbid color, which is often used to express the ups and downs and evils of life. For example, Ji Kang's "Breaking Up with the Mountain Garden" said: "A glass of turbid wine and a piece of piano, self-declaration is completed." Du Fu's poem "Ascending the Mountain" said: "Heartache and fatigue are a thick layer of dust in my wine". Fan Zhongyan's "Pride of Fisherman" says: "A glass of turbid wine will make Wan Li". "Shoudong Building" refers to the East Gate Tower of Jingzhou that the author boarded. The word "East" seems unintentional, and it is the seat of the capital of the Southern Song Dynasty. "Tears" means tears. Wipe your tears with your hands and throw them into the air, indicating that there are many sad tears. The autumn wind blows gently, which is chilling. I feel that the Central Plains has not been recovered, the people are caught in fire and water, and the court only wants peace and is unwilling to recover it, so it is surging and sorrowful.

This word describes the scenery of Wangzhong fortress, which is bright and magnificent. The scenery subtly reveals the author's emotional color, and the eyes are beautiful, but people's feelings are hidden. The emotional expression in "Xia Kun" is reflected in people's activities, and presents an image of a man with lofty ideals who looks at the Central Plains with grief and indignation. The whole poem is colorful, sad and vigorous, profound and meaningful. It is a fine print with strong system and patriotic feelings, and it is also a patriotic word with the same name as Song of Six Kingdoms in the early Southern Song Dynasty.

Notes, Translation and Author of Clay Fighter

Ji Yun (1724— 1805) is a native of Zhili county. He is knowledgeable and good at textual research and exegesis. During the Qianlong period, he revised the Sikuquanshu, served as the editor-in-chief, and presided over the writing of the 200-volume Catalogue of Sikuquanshu. Mud (nì) Ancient: Adhere to ancient customs or old sayings.

Note: Anonymous: His name is lost and unknown. Yu Chong is his promise. High resistance: It is called late high resistance. Zhai Gong: honorific title for Taoist priests. Chorus: Give the other person a reply with a poem. Pedantic: pedantic is out of place. Money: Please. Dong: A folk painter in the early Qing Dynasty. Blocked but no one to accompany: lonely, no one wants to be with him. But I saw an ancient man: I saw that his face was very similar to that of the ancient people. Beard, face. Regulation: exhortation. Horn: competition. Good thing: I like to meddle. Tian pu: it is said that the western Zhou dynasty implemented the well field system. Later, some scholars tried to restore the well-field system and draw maps in order to solve the real land problem, which was a stupid act of retro. Years: about one year. The column says: Lobbying everywhere. C: Please see me. Ditch: A ditch. F: Just. You: Suddenly. Awen Qin Gong: acton, a native of Zhengbaiqi, Manchuria, Qing Dynasty, and Wenqin, posthumous title. Do not abandon the old chess manual in the national competition: national players will not abandon the old chess manual. Do not insist: not paranoid. "God and Peace" two sentences: "Book of Changes". It means that having the highest wisdom and insight into things can only exist in some people. "Nenghe" two sentences: "Mencius". This means that carpentry can teach others how to make it, but it doesn't necessarily make others dexterous.

Liu Yuchong is from Cangzhou, and his name has been forgotten now. My great-grandfather Houzhaigong used to sing with his poems. He is withdrawn and likes to pay attention to the ancient system. In fact, they are all pedantic and unworkable theories. He once asked Dong to paint for him and Hou Zhai Gong to write poems on the painting. Among them, there is a picture of Lin Qiu reading. The poem is: "Sitting on the root of an autumn tree, I don't know what book to read, but I see an ancient man." Just hold it in your hand, or the spectrum of the minefield. "This is the advice given to him by Houzhai Gongshi.

He came across an ancient war book and studied it on his desk. He felt that he could lead hundreds of soldiers to the front. It happened that there were bandits in the village at that time, so Liu Yuchong personally trained the village soldiers to fight against bandits. However, the whole team was defeated and he was almost caught by robbers. I accidentally got an ancient water conservancy book and studied it on my desk for several years. I thought I could turn a thousand miles of wasteland into fertile land. I drew a map and went to the state government to lobby for advice. The state official is also a nosy person, so I asked him to try to transform a village. As soon as the canal was built, the flood came, and the people in the village almost drowned and turned into fish. So he was unhappy, always walking alone in front of the court steps, shaking his head as he walked, and saying to himself, "Did the ancients bully me?" How could the ancients lie to me! In this way, I mumble to myself thousands of times every day, that is to say, these six words. Liu Yuchong died of illness soon.

Later, every night when the wind is clear and the moon is white, people often see his soul walking under the pine and cypress trees in front of the tomb, shaking his head and listening. The ghost still said these six words. Sometimes people who hear him laugh at him, and the ghost will disappear immediately. When I went the next day, I still saw the ghost muttering alone. People who cling to ancient books are a bit dull, but how can they stay until now?

Lord Qin once taught me: "Reading classics is not conducive to judging things, and not reading books is not conducive to judging things. Great chess players will not abandon the ancient chess manual, but they will not be very attached to the old one; Smart doctors will not stick to the prescriptions handed down from ancient times, but they will not deviate from the ancient prescriptions in their own experience. Therefore, it is said:' What can be done super well depends mainly on the people who do things'. " He added: "You can teach people the standard steps to do anything, but you can't make them smart."

Appreciation of Zhang Dai's "Practice for Life"

Zhang Dai (1597- 1679), The Fairy Rhyme Delineation Pavilion in Strange Garden;

Nothing in the world is difficult for one who sets his mind to it.

What is even more fascinating is that the three things are good but difficult to sign.

The fresh cloud is really strange, and different days are its way of playing.

Try to figure out that Aikido has been achieved, and the master's will has been solved on the spot.

Master's gratitude is unmistakable, Xiao Yi called to touch his hand.

It is easy to identify many words, the small ones will be good and the big ones will be evil.

I have taught Xiaoling before, and there is no essence in my work.

The old tune has been changed to white, and whoever can practice it will be reborn.

If you export, you can stay. It's not worth playing string.

The crossing in the song is very slight, so you can enjoy it carefully and calmly.

Bo Pian's string opera is very loud in Jiangnan, and he is used to acting when he is skilled.

Bronze finch's wonderful voice has been learned today. It's great to kill Raul this time.

This poem says that watching a good play is a wonderful enjoyment, just like tasting a bowl of good tea and enjoying a good moon. The same meaning can also be found in the sixth volume of Peng Tianxi's drama series "Tao An Meng Yi": "I can't wait to see a good play wrapped in French brocade and spread it immortal. Compared with the good moon and a good cup of tea in the sky, I can only enjoy it for a moment, but I can't cherish it. " Of course, if a play wants to be a good play, it is not only a good script, but also an actor's performance and a teacher's class. Here, I praise Qi Yiyuan's performance, striving for perfection and changing every day. The key is to handle the relationship between "life" and "familiarity". In this regard, Zhang Dai made an in-depth exposition in the article "He He", taking the piano as an example:

I heard He Mingtai and Wang Benwu play the piano in Songjiang yesterday. He Mingtai can't turn the board into a living thing, but his cover is also real. Wang Benwu can't make a living by practicing, and his cover is oily. Both of them are seriously ill. That's what I do. who is it? Piano players, beginners, can not be familiar with; You cann't give birth when it's cooked. Life, not astringent, confused and forgotten, is also called intermittent. The ancients played the piano, chanted and rubbed off the notes, and successfully responded to their own hearts. In the meantime, the ingenuity of hooking up, the strangeness of wearing, the agility of echoing, and the strangeness of frustration are really irrelevant, a kind of fresh air, which people are less and less aware of. You can't do this if you're not very skilled, disabled and sophisticated.

Zhang Dai's conclusion is:

Once again, this method of practicing life, playing the piano and flute, singing and acting, drawing and writing, and writing poems, suddenly became angry. If you are angry, you will be clear; People who lose this anger will eventually become scum.

What Zhang Dai is talking about here is the dialectics of "life" and "familiarity" in art. For actors, "familiarity" means that practice makes perfect, and "life" means Excellence and constant innovation. For the audience, "familiarity" means familiarity and intimacy, and "life" means strangeness and novelty. From "raw" to "cooked" is a leap, which requires efforts; From "familiarity" to "health" is another leap, which requires efforts. If "life" and "familiarity" are properly combined, the performance can reach a new level, and you can see new feelings when you watch the drama. For this important issue of performing arts and audience psychology, Zhang Dai expressed it in the form of poetry and prose with rich artistic practice, which has important theoretical value.