White pollution is disposable plastic packaging that is difficult to degrade. For example, the disposable foam fast cutlery and our common plastic bags and so on. It is very serious pollution of the environment, buried in the soil is difficult to decompose, will lead to a decline in soil capacity, if burned will lead to air pollution, so now advocate not to use or less use of this material, the best to buy things from their own tools, to reduce the use of it.

First, the "white pollution" status and its harm

Plastic products as a new material, has a lightweight, waterproof, durable, mature production technology, low-cost advantages, in the world is widely used and is growing year by year. Plastic packaging materials in the world market growth rate is higher than other packaging materials, plastic packaging materials in 1990-1995, the average annual growth rate of 8.9%.

China is one of the world's top ten producers and consumers of plastic products. 1995, China's plastic production of 5.19 million tons, nearly 6 million tons of plastic into the day, the country's total consumption of about 11 million tons of plastics, of which 2.11 million tons of plastic packaging. Most of the plastic packaging in the form of waste film, plastic bags and Styrofoam tableware, was discarded in the environment. These waste plastic packaging scattered in urban areas, scenic tourist areas, water bodies, both sides of the road, not only affecting the landscape, resulting in "visual pollution", but also because of its difficulty in degradation of the ecological environment and potential harm.

According to the survey, 3% of Beijing's domestic waste is waste plastic packaging, totaling about 140,000 tons per year; 7% of Shanghai's domestic waste is waste plastic packaging, totaling about 190,000 tons per year. Tianjin City, more than 100,000 tons of waste plastic packaging each year. Beijing annually discarded in the environment of plastic bags about 2.3 billion, disposable plastic tableware about 220 million, about 6.75 million square meters of waste agricultural film. This is jokingly referred to as "the suburbs of the city a white blanket".

"White pollution", the main harm is "visual pollution", and "potential harm":

1, "" visual pollution ". Visual pollution". In the city, tourist areas, water bodies and roadsides scattered waste plastic packaging to people's vision to bring bad stimulation, affecting the city, the overall beauty of the landscape, damage to the cityscape, landscape, resulting in "visual pollution".

2, "potential harm". Waste plastic packaging into the environment, due to its difficult to degrade, resulting in long-term, deep-seated ecological problems. First of all, waste plastic packaging materials mixed in the soil, affecting crop absorption of nutrients and water, will lead to crop yield loss; Second, discarded in the land or water bodies of waste plastic packaging materials, swallowed by animals as food, resulting in the death of animals (in the zoo, pastoral areas and the sea, such cases have been commonplace); Third, mixed into the living garbage in the waste plastic packaging materials is difficult to deal with: landfill disposal will be a long-term Landfill disposal will occupy land for a long time, the mixed plastic household waste is not suitable for composting, and the sorted waste plastics are difficult to recycle because of the lack of quality assurance.

At present, people reflect the strong is mainly "visual pollution" problem, but for the waste of plastic packaging long-term, deep "potential harm", most people still lack of understanding.

Second, the prevention and treatment of "white pollution" at home and abroad in general

1, foreign prevention and treatment of "white pollution" of the situation

As early as 1985, the United States into the average consumption of plastic packaging has reached 23.4 kg, Japan is 20.4 kg, and the average consumption of plastic packaging in Japan is 20.4 kg, and the average consumption of plastic packaging in the United States is 23.4 kg. Kilograms, Japan 20.1 kilograms, Europe 15 kilograms. Into the nineties, the developed countries per capita consumption of plastic packaging is more (China's 1995 per capita consumption of plastic packaging and other plastic products for 13.12 kilograms). From the consumption point of view, it seems that the developed countries "white pollution" should be very serious, in fact, it is not. The reason for this is that developed countries have long been strict attention to the management of the city, very few people throw waste plastic packaging, the basic elimination of "visual pollution". Secondly, developed countries have a higher rate of harmless disposal of domestic waste. In the United States, for example, before the 80s, the main way to dispose of waste plastics is landfill, and later found that the plastic long-term non-degradation, after the nineties, they turned to the road of recycling.

Now has established a set of strict classification and recycling system, most of the waste plastic packaging is recycled, a small portion of the conversion into energy or other ways of harmless disposal, but also basically eliminated the potential hazards of waste plastic packaging.

The United States developed the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act, solid waste management, resource recovery, resource conservation and other aspects of technical research, system construction and operation, development planning, etc. have made clear provisions. California, Maine, New York and other 10 states have introduced a recycling deposit system for packaging supplies. Japan in the Renewable Energy Law, Energy Conservation and Renewable Energy Support Law, Packaging Container Recycling Law and other laws to include special provisions to promote manufacturers to simplify packaging, and clear manufacturers, sellers and consumers of their respective recycling obligations. Germany in the Circular Economy Act clearly stipulates that whoever manufactures, sells and consumes packaging goods has the obligation to avoid, recycle and dispose of waste. Germany's "Packaging Ordinance" will be recycling, utilization, disposal of waste packaging materials and the obligation to produce, sell, consume the right of the goods linked to the recycling, utilization, disposal of the obligation to decomposition and implementation of the goods and their packaging materials throughout the life cycle of the various aspects of the subtle, and therefore has a strong operational and effective.

2, China's prevention and control of "white pollution" methods and their pros and cons

At present, China began to take measures from the administrative and technical aspects of the prevention and control of "white pollution".

In the administrative aspect, one is to strengthen the management. For example, society is more concerned about the two sides of the railroad "white pollution" problem, through the strengthening of management has made significant improvements. Railroad departments from the second half of 1994, in the line along the zoning section of the package. Some of the passenger trains use bagged garbage, prohibiting passengers from throwing waste out of the window. Cabin crews do not sweep garbage directly out of the window as before, but unload the garbage bags at the station for centralized disposal at the station. At present, more and more trains are using bagged garbage, and the phenomenon of randomly throwing garbage out of the car is becoming less and less. There are already 29,000 kilometers of lines on both sides of the basic elimination of "white pollution". Practice has proved that strengthening management is an effective means of preventing "white pollution".

Secondly, banning the use of disposable plastic packaging that is difficult to degrade. Hangzhou is the first city in China to ban the use of disposable foam tableware. Hangzhou on September 15, 1995 by the Bureau of Sanitation, Industry and Commerce Bureau, Bureau of Health jointly issued a "ban on the use of foam plastic fast food containers notice", the notice will be published in the "Hangzhou Daily" for three consecutive days. Management in the implementation of the process found that some individual mobile vendors are still selling Styrofoam tableware. Recently, the Standing Committee of Hangzhou People's Congress passed the Regulations on the Management of Cityscape and Environmental Hygiene of Hangzhou, which stipulates in Article 35 that it is prohibited to sell or use non-degradable disposable tableware made of Styrofoam. Violators are liable to a fine of 500 to 5,000 yuan. The Regulations will be implemented from September 15, 1997 onwards. Wuhan, Harbin, Fuzhou, Guangzhou, Xiamen, Ningbo, Shantou and other cities have also promulgated relevant policies, regulations, banning the local use of disposable Styrofoam tableware, through the adoption of the above measures, to a certain extent, to a certain extent, to alleviate the harm of "white pollution". But from the results of practice, it is difficult to completely solve the problem of "white pollution" by banning alone, the above cities that have enacted the ban are required to use paper products or biodegradable plastic products to replace the original difficult to degrade Styrofoam products. However, the substitutes cannot compete with ordinary plastic products in terms of price and quality. Therefore, under the conditions of market economy, it is very difficult to operate only by administrative orders without considering the regulating effect of economic levers.

Third, mandatory recycling. Clean waste plastic packaging can be reused, or reused for granulation, oil refining, paint, as construction materials. Recycling is in line with the solid waste disposal of "minimization, resource utilization, harmless" general principles. Recycling not only avoids "visual pollution", but also solves "potential hazards", eases the pressure on resources, reduces the load of municipal waste disposal, saves land, and achieves certain economic benefits. This is a good way to address both symptoms and root causes. But recycling should be done before the waste plastic packaging goes into the garbage. Re-sorting waste plastic packaging from landfills is not only time-consuming and labor-intensive, but also has a very low utilization value of the waste plastic. Because the sorted waste plastic products are too dirty and difficult to classify by material, the quality cannot be guaranteed. On the basis of investigation and research, the Beijing Municipal Environmental Protection Bureau has determined the technical route of "recycling as the mainstay, substitution as a supplement, differentiation and comprehensive prevention and control". On June 1, 1997, the Beijing Municipal Environmental Protection Bureau and the Municipal Bureau of Industry and Commerce jointly issued the "Circular on the Recycling of Discarded Disposable Plastic Lunch Boxes", which requires that the production and distribution of disposable plastic lunch boxes in Beijing be carried out in accordance with the following requirements The units or individuals producing and distributing disposable plastic tableware (including trays, bowls, cups, etc.) in Beijing must be responsible for the recycling of discarded tableware, or they can entrust other units to do so. The Circular also stipulates that the recycling rate must reach 30% in 1998, 50% in 1999 and 60% in 2000. Immediately after the issuance of the Circular, production and distribution units and individuals went to the local environmental protection department to declare their registration and put forward their recycling plans and specific guarantee measures. This is a breakthrough for Beijing to solve the problem of "white pollution". After achieving results, the types and proportion of mandatory recycling of waste plastic products will be gradually increased, and ultimately eliminate "white pollution". Tianjin Municipal Environmental Protection Bureau completed the "Tianjin Prevention and Control of "white pollution" project feasibility study report", put forward a set of prevention and control programs, determined through recycling to achieve resource conservation, the purpose of eliminating pollution. At present, we are developing "recycling plan", "pilot work operation chart", "pilot work progress outline", and preparing to set up the "White Pollution Prevention and Control Project". Tianjin 'white pollution' prevention and control industry association".

In terms of technology, one is to take the paper instead of plastic. The main component of the paper is natural plant cellulose, waste is easy to be decomposed by microorganisms in the soil, so you can solve the "potential hazards" mentioned earlier, but will also bring new environmental problems: first of all, paper needs a lot of wood, and China's forest resources are not rich; secondly, the process of papermaking will bring water pollution. In addition, in terms of performance, cost and other aspects, paper products can not compete with plastic products. At present, China also has sugar cane stalks, straw as raw materials for the production of disposable tableware practice, but still in the experimental stage.

Second, the use of degradable plastics. In the production process of plastic packaging products to add a certain amount of additives (such as starch, modified starch or other cellulose, photosensitizers, biodegradable agents, etc.), so that the stability of the plastic packaging material is reduced, easier to degrade in the natural environment. At present, Beijing has 19 units that develop or produce degradable plastics. Tests have shown that most degradable plastics begin to thin, lose weight and lose strength after 3 months of exposure to the general environment, and gradually split into fragments. If these fragments are buried in garbage or soil, the degradation effect is not significant. There are four shortcomings in the use of biodegradable plastics: firstly, it consumes more food; secondly, the use of biodegradable plastic products still cannot completely eliminate "visual pollution"; thirdly, due to technological reasons, the use of biodegradable plastic products cannot completely solve the "potential hazards" to the environment; fourthly, biodegradable plastic products cannot completely solve the "potential hazards" to the environment; and fourthly, biodegradable plastic products cannot completely eliminate "visual pollution". "Fourth, degradable plastics are difficult to recycle because they contain special additives.

Third, China's "white pollution" in the treatment of existing problems

China in the prevention and treatment of "white pollution" in the main problems are:

1, there is no national specialized regulations

Prevention and control of "white pollution" can not rely solely on business or personal self-consciousness, there should be mandatory measures to constrain the behavior of citizens and catering, transportation and other industry staff. For example, enterprises or individuals are required to their production, operation, consumption activities in the production of waste plastic packaging for recycling; on the arbitrary abandonment of waste plastic packaging, piling up the behavior of penalties and so on. But so far, China has not formulated national regulations in this regard.

2, the lack of relevant economic policies

To mobilize the recycling of waste plastic packaging, processing, use of enterprise enthusiasm, the need to give these enterprises to preferential policies. Existing comprehensive utilization of preferential policies are not enough to make waste plastic packaging recycling industry to form a benign market mechanism. In order not to increase the burden on the government, and at the same time reflect the "polluter pays" principle, should be required to produce waste recycling, can not be recycled by enterprises or individuals to pay recycling fees for recyclers compensation. This practice has been more common in foreign countries, China, there is no such economic policy.

3, management can not keep up

Cities, scenic tourist areas, transportation routes, water "white pollution" is mainly caused by poor management. Catering, commercial, railroad, water transport sector of the business activities generated by the waste plastic packaging did not take strict management measures, allowing customers to throw directly on the ground or in the water, and even some of the staff have been collected and discarded the waste to the car window or water. City streets and tourist areas of supporting facilities are not sound, shopping malls, hotels, parks and other busy areas of the density of garbage bins is too low, has not been set up to separate garbage bins. Although the city sanitation department has regulations to prohibit littering, but the law enforcement, inspection of the staff is small, there is no law, there is a ban on the phenomenon is more common.

4, the management idea is not unified.

China's considerable areas of "white pollution" of the harmful effects of insufficient knowledge, prevention and control of "white pollution" has not been put on the agenda. Some places advocate the use of paper instead of plastic or the use of biodegradable plastics to solve the "white pollution", some areas advocate recycling to solve the problem, the management of the idea is not unified.

5, people's environmental awareness also rely on further enhancement

City residents of environmental protection concepts than in previous years have improved, began to pay attention to environmental issues, but has not been implemented into their own actions, discarded the waste, dumping, piling up waste plastic packaging behavior can be seen everywhere. Most of the news media reports on "white pollution" focus on the use of paper instead of plastic and the use of biodegradable plastics and other technologies, the lack of guidance and education on the daily behavior of residents. Plastic packaging production, business units and consumers have no sense of responsibility, neither the internal motivation to fulfill their obligations, nor the external pressure to recycle, use and dispose of waste plastic packaging.

Fourth, the prevention and control of "white pollution" countermeasures

Summarize the domestic and international practice of preventing and controlling "white pollution" experience, combined with the current "white pollution" The current situation of white pollution and its management problems, China's prevention and control of "white pollution" should follow the "publicity and education as the guide, to strengthen the management of the core, recycling as the main means of alternative products as a complementary measure" principle.

Prevention and control of "white pollution", first of all, to solve the "visual pollution" problem, so that the city, the landscape has improved significantly. This is mainly by publicity and education, guiding the public to form good habits; at the same time to strengthen the management of the law, to promote enterprises and individuals into their own waste plastic packaging materials properly collected and disposed of. Prevention of "white pollution", it is more important to solve the waste plastic packaging on the ecological environment of long-term, deep-rooted harm. This is mainly through the development and implementation of recycling-friendly regulations and economic policies, the implementation of comprehensive recycling of waste plastic packaging; prevention and treatment of "white pollution", should also strengthen the research and development of alternative (green) packaging products in line with the actual. Now on the acceleration of China's prevention and control of "white pollution" process to put forward the following countermeasures:

1, strengthen publicity and education. Prevention and control of "white pollution" is a systematic project that requires all sectors, industries **** with the efforts of society as a whole and the active participation of all citizens. To vigorously carry out publicity and education to enhance people's awareness of the harm of "white pollution", improve the environmental awareness of society as a whole, and educate people to develop good health habits. In their own strict compliance with environmental laws and regulations at the same time, actively stop the bad behavior around.

2, unified ideological understanding, strengthen management. In accordance with the "publicity and education as the guide, to strengthen management as the core, recycling as the main means to alternative products as a complementary measure" principle of prevention and control, one is to strengthen the "white pollution" harmful publicity to guide and educate the public to consciously prevent and control the "white pollution", to guide and educate the public to prevent and control the "white pollution". "White pollution"; Second, a large number of waste plastic packaging industries (such as railroads, water transport, civil aviation, tourism, hotels, restaurants, catering, retail, etc.), to strengthen management, change the phenomenon of no one is responsible for the disorderly pile, random abandonment; Third, to take coercive measures from the recovery of centralized generation of waste plastic packaging (such as disposable Foam lunch boxes) to start, and gradually improve the utilization rate of waste plastic packaging recycling; four is to strengthen the development of alternative packaging products, research, and efforts to reduce the amount of waste plastic packaging production.

3, as soon as possible to develop and promulgate national prevention and control of "white pollution" of the relevant laws and regulations, clear producers, sellers and consumers to recycle waste plastic packaging obligations and legal responsibilities. Should be the production of plastic packaging, business, consumption and other links, respectively, to develop specific control measures and guidance policies to control the amount of waste plastic packaging is not easy to recycle, encourage to improve the recycling rate of waste plastic packaging.

4, the development of appropriate economic policies, the establishment of market economic conditions to eliminate "white pollution" benign operation mechanism. The use of economic means to encourage and promote waste plastic packaging "reduction, resource utilization, harmless", saving and comprehensive utilization of resources, prevention and treatment of "white pollution", to protect the ecological environment.

I have a suggestion, but have to invest a sum of money, because now people's daily trading with a lot of plastic, especially plastic wear, we can promote the use of cloth bags of good habits, so you can do this publicity, release the bag ah ~~~~~~~~~~~