The "post-80 s" master of economics did not enter the office building after graduation, but chose to return to his hometown to farm. In Zhoujiawu Village, Gu 'an County, Hebei Province, melons and fruits are fragrant in the leisure farm founded by Hu and his classmate * * *.
The city is attractive, and the countryside is attractive. For a big country with a population of nearly 654.38+0.4 billion, the prosperity of the country cannot be separated from the prosperity of cities and the revitalization of villages. "In the process of modernization, how to deal with the relationship between workers and peasants and the relationship between urban and rural areas determines the success or failure of modernization to a certain extent." To do a good job in rural revitalization strategy, we must take the road of urban-rural integration.
In recent years, China's urbanization process has been promoted in an orderly manner, and cities and villages have moved forward side by side. What opportunities will integrated development bring to cities and villages? How to realize the new urban-rural relationship? The reporter conducted an investigation and interview.
Look at the status quo—
The flow of development factors has accelerated, cities have opened their doors to the countryside, and the countryside has become the "back garden" of cities.
"There are many opportunities in the city now. As long as you have the ability, your income will definitely be the same! " Chen Yueqin, who works as a child-rearing elder sister-in-law in Wuhan, Hubei Province, is going to take an examination of intermediate nurses. "As soon as this certificate is won, the monthly salary is 7,000 yuan."
In Dragonfly Village, Gaoba Town, Liangzhou District, Wuwei City, Gansu Province, lavender in full bloom is like a purple ocean. Zhang Yuefu, a villager who used to work outside the home, returned to the village and started a farmhouse with his friends. "On the first day of opening, there were 20 tables of guests with a turnover of 6,000 yuan!"
Behind the two "small account books" is the reality of the accelerated flow of talent elements between urban and rural areas. "For a long time, various factors in rural areas have flowed from rural areas to cities in one direction, causing serious' blood loss' in rural areas. If this problem is not solved, rural revitalization and urban-rural integration and development will be impossible. " Han Jun, Vice Minister of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, said that it is necessary to promote the orderly and free flow and equal exchange of urban and rural factors.
Look at talents-The Report on Monitoring and Investigation of Migrant Workers in 20 18 released by the National Bureau of Statistics shows that there were 288 million migrant workers in China last year, of which the number of migrant workers exceeded 654.38+35 million. At the same time, the number of people returning home to start businesses is also increasing. According to the latest data from the National Development and Reform Commission, more than 8 million people have returned to the countryside to start a new chapter in their work.
Look at funds-Zeng Yande, director of the Rural Industry Development Department of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, said that industrial and commercial capital has become an important force in the development of rural industries in China. At present, industrial and commercial capital invests more than one trillion yuan in rural industries every year. According to the statistics of the National Bureau of Statistics, in 20 18, the investment in agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery increased by 12.4%, and the growth rate was 0.4 percentage points higher than that of the previous year.
The accelerated flow of factors has brought new vitality to urban and rural development.
At this end of the city, the doors are getting bigger and bigger.
Stable employment opportunities-At the beginning of this year, Guangdong and Sichuan cooperated for the first time and opened a free train for Guangdong to return home for employment. 1800 More than 800 migrant workers in Sichuan returned to their posts after the holiday. Organize recruitment and build an information platform ... "Spring Breeze Action" in various places actively provides services for migrant workers' employment and entrepreneurship. At present, the employment of migrant workers in the tertiary industry accounts for more than half, and take-away, express delivery and domestic service have become new positions for cities to absorb the employment of migrant workers.
The threshold for settlement is lowered-in Xining, Qinghai, migrant workers can "rent a house and settle down"; In Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, people who serve special hard jobs in urban public places can get separate settlement indicators; In Shandong, the restrictions on urban settlement have been completely abolished ... At present, more than 90 million rural people have become urban residents. Last year alone, nearly140,000 people settled in cities.
Enjoy public services * * *-"With a residence permit, you can still enjoy the treatment of citizens." Han Lin has been working in Jinan for half a year, and he is very satisfied with the gold content of his residence permit. The basic public service provision mechanism based on the residence permit and linked with the length of residence is becoming more and more perfect.
Daimon Masaru's cities are open and the countryside is changing with each passing day:
The infrastructure is smoother-"You can shop without leaving home, and life is no different from the city!" Tan Zizhuang, a villager from Night Loan Village in Baoding, Hebei Province, enjoys the convenience of online shopping, and his online shop business is booming.
Infrastructure such as hydropower network is "seamlessly connected" between urban and rural areas, which has narrowed the distance between urban and rural areas.
By the end of last year, 99.5% of the country's established villages had access to hardened roads, 99. 1% of townships had access to buses, and 95% of established villages had access to 4G networks.
Ensure that the network is more dense-"Thanks to the critical illness insurance." Li Shuanzhu, a villager from Chengguan Town, Hohhot City, Inner Mongolia, was hospitalized for rectal tumor, with medical expenses of 1.6 million yuan. After reimbursement, he only needs to pay more than 20 thousand yuan.
In recent years, the construction of multi-level social security system has been accelerated, and the level of rural social security has been steadily improved. By the end of last year, the basic medical insurance for urban and rural residents covered 654.38+35 billion people, and the minimum standard of basic pension for urban and rural residents was raised from 70 yuan to 88 yuan every month, and 37 million rural students had free nutritious meals.
The rural environment is more beautiful-"In the past, chickens and ducks ran everywhere in the village, and the toilets stinked. How could people live?" Miao Hua, a villager in Wuli Town, Huai 'an City, Jiangsu Province, lamented that after several years of unified planning, the environment is much cleaner now, and relatives are willing to stay for a few more days when they go home.
According to preliminary statistics, in 20 18 years, more than 0/000000 households in rural areas have been improved, and nearly 30% of farmers' domestic sewage has been treated. In the past, "garbage was blown by the wind and sewage was evaporated", but now "indoor modernization and outdoor flowers are in full bloom", and more and more villages have become the "back gardens" of cities.
Look at this opportunity-
Expand domestic demand and accelerate the release of rural potential; Make up the shortcomings, and the relationship between urban and rural areas will become more coordinated.
At present, China is still in the stage of rapid urbanization, and it is still the general trend for farmers to enter the city. Some people ask, will developing the city well and letting farmers enter the city solve the problem of uneven development between urban and rural areas?
"In modern society, cities and villages cannot exist alone, and their relationship is like a complete person." Chen Xiwen, chairman of the Agriculture and Rural Committee of the National People's Congress, said that the functions of cities and villages are different, and it is difficult for cities to develop well if the functions of villages are not well played.
So what new functions have been developed in rural areas today?
Consumer market-"I have just built a new house, and I have bought home appliances such as color TV, refrigerator and air conditioner, and the days are getting more and more prosperous." Tan Minyi of Xiangtang Village in Xia 'nan, Huanjiang Maonan Autonomous County, Guangxi, smiled happily.
Wei Baigang, director of the Development Planning Department of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, said that with the continuous improvement of rural residents' income and the further release of rural consumption potential, the rural market has become a bright spot for expanding domestic demand. In the first five months of this year, the national retail sales of rural consumer goods exceeded 2.3 trillion yuan, up 8.9% year-on-year, 0.9 percentage points higher than the total retail sales of urban consumer goods. Rural e-commerce maintained a rapid growth momentum. According to Taobao big data platform, food sales increased by 24% in May.
A new world of employment-deep in white clouds, Dongji Village, Jian 'ou City, Fujian Province has beautiful scenery. Villagers returned to their hometowns to set up ecological farming cooperatives. Alpine vegetables and native ducks sell well in the market, with an annual output value of more than 5 million yuan, driving the annual income of farmers in the village to increase by 20%.
The countryside is a vast and promising world, and migrant workers returning home to start businesses are changing from "dot" to "dot". Guang Defu, spokesman of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, said that by the end of last year, the number of migrant workers in "returning home makers" had reached 5.4 million, accounting for 70%. The economic entities founded by returnees have driven the average growth of farmers' operating income by 67%.
He Ming, a white-collar worker in Chengdu, Sichuan, a new industrial base, likes picking. He said: "The fruit picked by hand is delicious. The air in the countryside is fresh and the scenery is eye-catching. After all, Ba Shi is very good! "
Rural tourism connects primary, secondary and tertiary industries in series and becomes a new growth point of rural industries. According to estimates, in 20 18, the number of people receiving leisure agriculture and rural tourism in China exceeded 3 billion, and the business income exceeded 800 billion yuan; The comprehensive planting and breeding area of rice and fishery exceeds 30 million mu; The operating income of staple food processing industry has reached 2 trillion yuan ... Nowadays, a number of industries with outstanding regional characteristics, rural advantages and strong local flavor are growing in rural areas.
From the reality of rural development, solving the imbalance between urban and rural development can not only rely on promoting urbanization.
With such a set of data, the current sewage treatment rate is 95% in urban areas and 22% in rural areas; The treatment rate of municipal solid waste is 97%, while that in rural areas is only 60%. The number of health technicians per thousand people in cities is 10.9, while that in rural areas is only 4.3.
"The imbalance between urban and rural areas is highlighted in the development level of basic public services, resource layout, capacity provision and service quality. To realize the integrated development of urban and rural areas, we must speed up the filling of shortcomings such as public services. " Nan Zhou, deputy director of the Development Strategic Planning Department of the National Development and Reform Commission, said.
There are nearly 600 million people living in rural areas in China. Even if the urbanization rate reaches more than 70% in the future, there are still more than 400 million people in rural areas. Han Changfu, Minister of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, said that if there are increasingly developed cities on one side and increasingly depressed villages on the other, this cannot be regarded as the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. In the process of building a socialist modern country in an all-round way, narrowing the gap between urban and rural areas is a symbolic hard task.
Look at the prospect-
Workers and peasants promote each other, urban and rural areas complement each other, integrate in an all-round way, prosper together, and realize the "chess game" of urban and rural development.
To realize the integrated development of urban and rural areas, it is urgent to give priority to the development of agriculture and rural areas and speed up the filling of shortcomings in rural development. Will giving priority to developing agriculture and rural areas delay the pace of urbanization?
Zhang Hongyu, vice president of Tsinghua University China Rural Research Institute, bluntly said: "Giving priority to agriculture and rural areas does not mean slowing down the pace of urbanization. On the contrary, it is necessary to give priority to the development of agriculture and rural areas under the overall framework of the integrated development of urban and rural areas, and realize the new relationship between workers, peasants and urban areas through "taking cities as the driving force", "taking cities as the driving force" and "taking industry as the driving force".
To play a good game of chess in urban and rural areas, more coordination and joint promotion are needed.
Increase supply-increase capital investment, optimize institutional supply, and provide strong support for the development of urban-rural integration.
In Zhongxian County, Chongqing, 350,000 mu of citrus forest stretches between green mountains and green waters. As a pilot project of rural complex construction, it is planned to invest a total of 3 billion yuan to build a whole industrial chain from "a citrus" to "a glass of orange juice" to "a beautiful scenery", so that 220,000 people can get rich.
Support local governments to issue government bonds for urban-rural integration public welfare projects; Adjust the use scope of land transfer income and increase the proportion of agricultural and rural investment; Innovating the mechanism of providing financial products for small and medium-sized banks and local banks; Incite more social capital investment ... a series of policy "combination boxing" to let more real money flow to the countryside.
From 20 13 to 20 17, the national general public budget spent more than 8 trillion yuan on agriculture, forestry and water alone. In 20 18, agricultural investment increased by 15.4% over the previous year, and the growth rate was 9.5 percentage points faster than the total investment. "The orderly flow of capital elements between urban and rural areas will add more development momentum to urban-rural integration." Li Guoxiang, a researcher at the Institute of Rural Development of China Academy of Social Sciences, said.
Promote reform-deepen the reform of rural land system and household registration system. Open up the blocking point of urban-rural development integration.
Moganshan Town, Deqing County, Zhejiang Province, sold the village collective construction land to the hotel for use at a transaction price of more than 3 million yuan. "This not only solves the problem of enterprise land use, but also allows the village collective to fully enjoy the land value-added dividend." Zhao Jianlong, head of the hotel, said.
Dealing with the relationship between farmers and land is always the main line of rural reform. Zheng Fengtian, a professor at the School of Agriculture and Rural Development of Renmin University of China, said that the rural land reform should be based on "stability" and "liveliness", and promote the "three plots" reform such as rural land expropriation and rural collective management construction land entering the market, so as to narrow the scope of land expropriation, realize the equal rights of urban and rural construction land, and make the sleeping land glow with new vitality.
The data show that by the end of last year, the "three plots" reform had implemented land acquisition 1.275 mu and 1.80 million mu in 33 pilot counties (cities, districts) according to the new method; More than 654.38+100,000 collectively operated construction land entered the market, covering an area of more than 90,000 mu; Teng withdrew from about 6,543.8+0,400 scattered idle homesteads, covering 84,000 mu, and handled 58,000 mortgage loans for rural houses, amounting to 654.38+0,654.38+0,000 billion yuan.
Citizenization of agricultural transfer population is the primary task of new urbanization. By the end of 20 18, there were still 226 million urban residents who had not settled in cities, of which 65% were located in cities above the prefecture level. Zheng Fengtian said, "To solve the problem of settlement, we must link large, medium and small cities with small towns."
It is understood that at present, small and medium-sized cities and towns have gradually lifted the restrictions on settlement, and big cities also have plans to relax the conditions for settlement.
Strengthen the mechanism-broaden the channels for farmers to increase their income, continuously narrow the income gap between urban and rural residents, and add vitality to the development of urban-rural integration.
"replant high-quality pepper varieties and start the Chili sauce processing project, and the product value will jump from 1.5 and 1.5 yuan to 15 yuan per catty." In Leizhou, Guangdong Province, Wu Zhide, chairman of Lvfu Farmers' Professional Cooperative, led 300 members to grow their wallets by planting peppers.
Wheat and rice continue to implement the minimum purchase price plan; Leave the value-added benefits and jobs in the agricultural industrial chain to farmers as much as possible; The reform of the joint-stock cooperative system of rural operating assets pays dividends to farmers' shares ... A good policy enriches farmers' "money bags".
The data shows that the income ratio of urban and rural residents decreased from 3. 14 times in 2007 to 2.69 times in 20 18 years. Guoqiang Cheng, a professor at Tongji University School of Economics and Management, said, "Keep the good momentum of increasing farmers' income, and let farmers have more sense of gain in the integration of urban and rural development. "
By 2022, the institutional mechanism for the integrated development of urban and rural areas will be initially established; By 2035, the system and mechanism of urban-rural integration development will be more perfect; By the middle of this century, the system and mechanism of urban-rural integration development will be mature and stereotyped.