Li Mo (No. Dayong, a native of Muring, Jiangsu Province, was the ancestor of Gu Xia Li. He was a native of the Southern Song Dynasty during the reign of Bao You, and made close friends with Jiangxi Wen Tianxiang and Renhua Chengkou Chang. When Mo Gong became an official, he first became a magistrate in Nanning, Guangxi, and later promoted Guangdong's participation in politics. In the first year of Jingyan in the Southern Song Dynasty, that is, 1276, Yuan soldiers attacked the Southern Song Dynasty, and forced their son Li Xiang (Shiro) to live in Lingnan and live in seclusion in Guxia. Mo Gong led the army to defend Wuyang City. In the second year of Jing Yan, Yuan Bing was trapped in Guangcheng and died. Li has gone through 738 years of vicissitudes. Guxia village is an ancient village with profound historical and cultural heritage, relatively complete preservation of ancient buildings and distinctive folk customs in our county.
I. Basic information
Guxia Village is a natural village with 165 households and a permanent population of nearly 800. 90% of the people are surnamed Li, all from a family, all descendants of famous Tang Dynasty. There are 6 villagers' groups under its jurisdiction, with more than 900 mu of cultivated land and nearly 10,000 mu of forest land, and the main village covers an area of more than 25,000 square meters. Li's population (including moving to a nearby village) is 2869.
Second, history, culture and human resources.
Li Buju lived in ancient Xia Hou, and remembered the legacy of "loyalty and righteousness". He made a fortune, worked hard and studied hard, and many celebrities emerged. He wrote Li's extraordinary family history in the ancient summer, which precipitated a profound cultural heritage and built an amazing human landscape for the ancient summer people.
The descendants of Li Mozu were unknown in the Yuan Dynasty, but after the founding of the People's Republic of China in the Ming Dynasty, they began to emerge, took part in the imperial examinations, and showed excellent family genes. The first place was re-elected, and the people were educated. In the imperial examination, many people were elected as county magistrate or above: Li Fuqing (Yuyao County Magistrate, Zhejiang Province), Li (Yangzhou Magistrate, Jiangsu Province), (Doctor too much), Li Zongqi (Feng Zhi Doctor too much), Li Daichuan (Changshu County Magistrate, Jiangsu Province), Li (General Huaiyuan), Li Qingtian (Zhou Zuotang Magistrate) and Li Jinri (Pinghe County Magistrate, Shaanxi Province).
Tomorrow, in March of the 5th year (146 1), the five ancestors, Li Jie, Li Feng-qing, Li and Li Liu, gathered in the Li Family Training Hall and concluded the Li Family Training handed down for 553 years, which played an important role in the education of the descendants of Li in ancient Xia Dynasty.
In the middle of the fourth year of Hongwu in Ming Dynasty, Xu Heng, a bachelor from Jixian County and a wine-offering from imperial academy, prefaced Li Jiapu in Ancient Summer. Tomorrow, in the first month of the eighth year, the champion of Yunnan won the preface to Li Family's genealogy. In the first year of Wanli in the Ming Dynasty, Jinshi, Dr. Guanglu, Daizi Dabao, and the official minister Su Zhisheng made a strict order for the genealogy of Li. * * * There are seven officials above the county magistrate, who preface the genealogy of Li.
In the ancient Xia Dynasty, Li Dynasty literati created many ancestral temples with couplet and door couplet. In the summer period, Li Wenren wrote poems for Nantai Temple, leaving 5 poems/kloc-0 and 5 articles. There are two inscriptions left by the ancient Xia Dynasty, one on the upper middle gate and the other on the right side of the Xiande Hall of Nantai Temple.
In addition, there is a mountain in the west of Guxia village, which is called White Tiger Mountain. So, in order to prevent Baihu Mountain from destroying the ancient summer geomantic omen, people dug a big fish pond in the west of the village, and a dozen big camphor trees stood in disorder in the west of the village. After years of baptism, the style of the big fish pond remains the same, but due to natural (lightning) and human reasons, there are only four big camphor trees left, all of which are over 500 years old.
Third, the characteristics of traditional architecture
There are more than 20 ancestral temples in Guxia Village, and there are large-scale ancient buildings, such as Guangyu Hall, Yitang, Sima Di (Tibetan Hall), Dragon and Tiger Zhaobi, Upper Middle Gate, Stone Arch Bridge and so on.
Guangyu Hall, with two rooms and two entrances, was built in the Kangxi period of Qing Dynasty. It is the ancestral temple of Fuqing, the fifth ancestor of Li Buju ancient Xia Hou. Fuqing Gong was appointed as the county magistrate of Yuyao, Zhejiang. Take the meaning of "actively using the world, making continuous progress and carrying forward the past into the future". The thick and long Danse stone pillars in this temple were collected from Danxia Mountain and transported upstream by boat to the edge of Guxia Village. It is called "the first temple of benevolence and righteousness".
Deception hall, with two rooms, was built in the early Ming Dynasty. This is Fu Sheng Gong Temple, the fifth ancestor of Xia Hou where Li does not live. Shi is a scholar and once worked as a local official. "Fu" means inheritance, and "Fu" means bequest, that is, inheriting and carrying forward the virtues of ancestors, leaving virtues for future generations and opening the way for future generations.
Tibetan Hall: Erjin Erjian, also known as Sima Di, was built in the Kangxi period of the Qing Dynasty. It is the Qingtian public shrine of the fourteenth ancestor of ancient Li Buju. At that time, Qingtian was appointed as Zhou Zuotang, also known as Zhou Tong or Sima, and was awarded the position of a civil servant in the Qing Dynasty, a junior official from Liupin. This temple was built in the Kangxi period of the Qing Dynasty, and it has been more than 300 years. It is a typical Huizhou architecture with exquisite carving and obvious Ming and Qing styles.
Dragon and Tiger Zhaobi: Dragon and Tiger Zhaobi is located in front of the Li's Grand Ancestral Hall in the village, which was built in the Kangxi period of the Qing Dynasty. This wall is very huge, with a length of12.30m, a height of 6.90m and a thickness of 0.94m. The pattern of "dragon" is cast in the upper left of the zhaobi, and the pattern of "tiger" is cast in the upper right, with four Chinese characters "Adi Lianlian" standing in the middle. This zhaobi is said to have been given by the emperor.
Shangzhongmen: Located in the southwest of Guxia Village, it was built in Tianshun period of Ming Dynasty. This is the main gate of the Li family, and all weddings and funerals go in and out through this gate. The outer door reads "Upper Middle Gate" and the inner door reads "Longxi Clan". This door takes Li Mo, the originator of loyal monarch in Tang Dynasty and the ancestor of Li who died for his country in ancient Xia Dynasty, to warn future generations to be loyal to life and carry on the family line with filial piety.
Stone arch bridge: There is an exquisite and unique ancient stone arch bridge one mile east of Guxia Village. This stone arch bridge was built in Qianlong for three years (1739). It was built by local people who hired two brothers, Xie Tingzhen and Xie Tingcai, masons in Jiaying Prefecture. It has a history of more than 270 years. Although it has been attacked by countless flash floods, this stone bridge is still intact, which makes people have to admire the superb skills of the Xie brothers.
In addition, well-preserved old buildings include Fude Temple, Gu Wu Temple, Datian Ancestral House, Chen Fenfu, Tan Zifa House, Li Faquan Ancestral House and Li Xingcai Ancestral House.
Fourth, historical customs and cultural characteristics.
In the long river of history, generations of talents in the ancient Xia Dynasty came forth in large numbers, leaving behind not only numerous historical and cultural relics, but also numerous cultural relics and profound customs and cultures.
Big gongs: In ancient summer, there were a pair of big gongs with a diameter of 0.67 meters. In the middle of Ming Dynasty, Gu Xia, the tenth ancestor of Li, took Chuan Gong as the magistrate of Changshu County, Jiangsu Province. Deeply loved by Changshu people, he was promoted as an alternate magistrate. When he retired to his hometown in his later years, with the permission of Shang Feng, he brought back all the deacons during the patrol, including this pair of big gongs with the same appearance but different sound quality.
Boring drum: In ancient summer, there were a pair of boring drums with a diameter of 0.32 meters, which were round and a 0.5 cm protruding from the middle. "Boring" is a sound, an onomatopoeic word, and "drum" refers to the protruding part. When tapping, tap the protruding part with a wooden stick. This pair of stuffy drums looks the same, but makes different sounds. It is an elegant musical instrument expressed by literati when clan men get married. On the wedding day, a pair of bamboos were glued together with red paper. The China people of the ethnic group wrote the first couplet and wrapped it around the bamboo with a stuffy drum. The red paper on the other bamboo was used to invite the girl's family's second couplet. Two children beat the wedding procession to the girl's house. The husband invited by the woman's family should write couplets. Become a story that local literati talk about.
The biggest feature of Guxia Village is that there are many gates. There is a gate in the village, and there are many small doors in the village. At night, the gate is closed and thieves can't enter the village. The second feature is that the streets in the village are triangular and extend in all directions. It is difficult for ordinary people to find their way out of the village when they enter the village. According to legend, this design originated from the prevailing martial arts style of the ancestor of the Li family, and applied the camping trend to the village layout to prevent bandits. If an uninvited guest enters the village, as long as the gate is closed, it will form the trend of closing the door and beating the dog, and it will be abandoned. Therefore, under certain historical conditions, the gate of ancient summer played its due role in preventing bandits and protecting the people.
There is also a custom in Guxia Village called "inviting dragons". Every year, on the first night of the Lunar New Year, the patriarch organizes his own people to walk among the hills and valleys with torches, gongs and drums, in order to awaken Long Mai, make great strides and bless the village.
Dragon dancing in ancient summer has a history of hundreds of years. There are two kinds of dragon dances, the dragon that dances during the day and the dragon that dances at night. Dragons dancing during the day, first weave the dragon's head and tail with bamboo sticks, then paste colored paper and draw them with colored strokes; Then the dragon body made of cloth is used to connect the dragon head and the dragon tail. A circular keel woven with bamboo strips is placed on the dragon every 1.5 meters, and a wooden stick is nailed under the keel to hold the dragon. The fire dragon is woven from straw, and a wooden stick is nailed every one and a half meters to hold the dragon. When dancing, incense is lit on the dragon, and at night, the image of the dragon is vividly displayed in front of people. As early as the Kangxi period of the Qing Dynasty, the society was peaceful and the people lived and worked in peace. In order to express people's happy mood, Li started the history of dragon dance. Legend has it that one year in the ancient summer, a long dragon of several hundred meters was tied, and the dragon head reached Shijiangtou Village, and the dragon tail was still in the ancestral hall.
Lion dance in ancient summer has a history of hundreds of years. There are two kinds of lion dances, one is called waking the lion during the day, and the other is called the fire lion at night. Lion dance is bought from Foshan, and the fire lion is made by itself. First, make a lion's head out of a big grain basket, then make a lion's body out of several pieces of linen, then tie the straw into straw strips, wrap the straw strips around the laundry basket with iron wire, and then wrap the lion's body around the linen. In the evening, put incense and starlight on the straw, which is the fire lion. As early as the Kangxi period of the Qing Dynasty, there was the Lions Club (a non-governmental organization) in ancient summer. On holidays, lions are awakened and flags are waved, gongs and drums are loud, and lion dances in ancient summer are very vivid and deeply loved by the people.
Lanterns in ancient summer are very distinctive. From the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty, in the ancient summer, lanterns were placed in the first month of each year. In ancient summer, there were many skilled craftsmen, and the lanterns were lifelike, including lantern gates, lantern lanterns, Dapeng spread wings lanterns, crow lanterns, Wusong tiger lanterns and so on. They are made by imitating animals, and everything is dazzling and dazzling.
The custom of making spring cattle began in the Qing Dynasty. At the end of the Spring Festival, before spring ploughing, we prayed for good weather and abundant crops. There will be activities of making spring cattle in the evening. First, weave a cow's head skeleton with bamboo sticks and bamboo sticks; Then paste white paper on the skeleton and color it; Then use a piece of black cloth more than eight feet long and six feet wide to connect the necks of cows, and make a cow tail on the tail of the cloth, and a spring cow will be vividly presented. In the evening, two people boarded the spring cow and carried it. In the village, another man followed the spring cow with a wooden plow. Then, the plowman sang a touching folk song as he walked.
Eight tones in ancient summer are very famous in Lingnan. Guxia village had eight tones as early as the early Qing Dynasty, which was passed down from generation to generation. All weddings, funerals and happy events are decorated with eight tones to increase the festive or sad atmosphere.
Lent in ancient summer. Every year, the second day of the sixth lunar month is Gu Xia's House Celebration Day. A few days ago in Wozhai, people began to get busy, buy new clothes, make bazan, and prepare for the gods. Hezhai, as its name implies, is a grand ceremony held before the summer harvest season, with pious feelings, neat body and mind, and gratitude for the blessing of the gods.
Li's marriage custom in Xia Dynasty embodies a family's cultural accomplishment and also a family's etiquette accomplishment. Therefore, in the process of marriage, red tape is essential. From recruitment, seeking promotion, taking root, reporting to Japan and welcoming new students, there are many concerns.
Sacrificial activities in ancient summer were accompanied by eight tones. Every spring and autumn festival, there are three ceremonies to worship ancestors, which are divided into three parts: the middle show, the left photo and the right mu, which are solemn and grand; In the family sacrifice of ancestors' death, there is a small ceremony of peace and titles.
In addition, the ancient summer foods mainly included cured duck and Ciba. The preserved duck is beautifully made and fragrant in Lingnan. Ciba in ancient summer is known for its color, fragrance and ignorance.
Source: Renhua County People's Government.
Guxia village: Guxia village