Cai Lun was born in a blacksmith's family who was engaged in smelting and casting at the foot of the mountain in the early Eastern Han Dynasty. His ancestors worked while the iron was hot. After Savi became the magistrate of Guiyang, he set up an iron official in Guiyang, and the Chua family was closely related to court officials. When he was a child, he began to study in Shilin, a village at the foot of Dahao Mountain, and studied The Book of Rites and The Analects of Confucius. He was particularly interested in the surrounding production and living environment such as smelting, casting, hemp planting and sericulture. Cai Lun, a teenager, is well-informed and talented.
According to the legend of Cai Lun's descendants, after 18 years old, Cai Lun was recommended by officials who went to Guiyang to manage the transportation of mining and smelting cast iron and became a eunuch in the palace. This year was the eighteenth year of Han Yongping (AD 75). According to the analysis of historical data, Cai Lun was the first person who entered the imperial court and palace as an official in southern China and even southern China.
After he was elected to the palace, he became a servant in the court where the concubines lived next to the palace. A few years later, he was promoted to be a little yellow eunuch who went in and out of the palace and delivered imperial edicts. Cai Lun's talent is more and more revealed. By the orders of the Queen Dou, he supervised the affairs of the Song nobles. In the seventh year of its establishment, Dou Hou framed Song Guiren and Cai Lun "verified". When Emperor Han and Emperor Di ascended the throne (AD 89), he was promoted to a middle-level official in and out of the imperial court and court, and became a senior eunuch who delivered imperial edicts, took charge of documents and participated in pre-trial affairs.
Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty and Seer were still young when they ascended the throne. Empress Dou, served by Cai Lun, became the Empress Dowager, controlling state affairs, and the imperial power belonged to the Dushi family. Dou Taihou compatriots Dou Xian and other four brothers are all dignitaries, good at authoritarianism, scheming and arrogant. Cai Lun, who was outspoken, didn't like this, so he hooked up with the eunuch to let Zheng Zhong push his way, helped Emperor He, and took advantage of Dou Xian's war to move troops back to the DPRK to receive the seal of General Dou Xian, thus eliminating the disadvantages of Dou's autocracy and consolidating the imperial power of Emperor He.
In the ninth year of Yongyuan (AD 97), "the governor was a secret sword and various instruments"; Previously, Zhong Changshi "added a position to make a single order".
In the first year of Yuan Xing (A.D. 105), presented paper to Han and Emperor? [7]? This kind of paper is called "Cai Hou Paper"? .
In the first year of Yongchu (A.D. 107), Empress Dowager Deng named Cai as the bodyguard of Changshi and Longtinghou with a population of 300. Later, he served as a servant of Changle (official name). In the fourth year of Yuan Dynasty (A.D. 1 10), the emperor selected a famous scholar (scholar's name) Liu Zhen and a doctor (scholar's name) Liang Shi (historian's name) to correct various classics, and sent Cai Lun to supervise the matter.
In the first year of Jianguang (A.D. 12 1), Empress Dowager Deng died and Andi succeeded to the throne. Cai Lun was tried and investigated for being instructed by Dou Hou to participate in persecuting Song Guiren, Andi's grandmother, to death and depriving Liu Qing of the right to inherit the throne. Cai Lun was ordered to plead guilty to Ting Wei himself. Cai Lun was ashamed of being humiliated, so he dressed himself after taking a bath, put on his hat, drank the poison and died. His fief was abolished (withdrawn).
Extended data Cai Lun (? -12 1) from Guiyang county in the eastern Han dynasty. In the last years of Han Yongping, he entered the palace as a minister. In the second year of Zhanghe (AD 88), Cai Lun was promoted to be a regular servant because of his meritorious service to the Empress Dowager, and Cai Lun also held an official position. Cai Lun summed up people's paper-making experience in the past, innovated the paper-making technology, and finally made "Cai Hou Paper". In the first year of Yuan Xing (A.D. 105), it was reported to the imperial court, and Han and Emperor ordered the popularization of his papermaking method. In the first year of Jianguang (A.D. 12 1), he committed suicide because of a power struggle.
Cai Lun's papermaking is listed as the "Four Great Inventions" in ancient China, which has made outstanding contributions to the spread of human culture and the progress of world civilization, and has been respected by people for thousands of years. It is regarded as the originator of papermaking and the "paper god" by papermaking workers. Among the 100 celebrities listed by Mack hart, Cai Lun ranks seventh. Cai Lun was listed as "the best inventor of all time" by Time magazine. The opening ceremony of the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games showed the papermaking invented by Cai Lun.
Cai Lun is in charge, which is an institution responsible for palace manufacturing. "Fang Shangjian" is a sword made by Fang, which later became a symbol of supreme power. Due to the lack of historical records, it is impossible to verify how this appointment came into being, but it is undoubtedly one of the most correct appointments in the history of China.
At that time, the palace workshop concentrated all the skilled craftsmen in the world, which represented the highest level of manufacturing in that era and provided an excellent platform for Cai Lun. His personality, hobbies and his extraordinary talents in engineering technology have been well displayed in this job.
In the 9th year of Yongyuan (AD 97), the sword and other artifacts made by Shang Dynasty were "exquisite and secret, which was the law of later generations". In other words, he greatly improved the production process, reached a very high level, and stayed at the peak of technology for a long time. Cui Mang, who has lived in Cai Lun for 30 or 40 years, wrote in On Politics: "The crossbow of Taifu Cai, the sword of nine years, is famous all over the world." "Tai Fu Cai" and "Long Ting" both refer to Cai Lun, who has become a weapon "brand".
When improving papermaking, Cai Lun was responsible for supervising all kinds of utensils used in the palace. He picked out bark, rags, old fishing nets, etc. And let the craftsmen chop them up and soak them in a big pool. After a period of time, the sundries in it rot, but the fibers are not easy to rot, so they stay.
He asked the craftsmen to pick up the soaked raw materials, put them in a stone mortar, and kept stirring them until they became slurry, then picked up the sticky things with bamboo sticks, dried them and turned them into paper. Cai Lun and his craftsmen tried again and again, and produced light, flexible, easily available, widely available and low-priced paper.
In the first year of Yuan Xing (A.D. 105), Cai Lun presented paper to Han and the Emperor, and Cai Lun presented the paper to the Emperor as a memorial, which was appreciated by the Emperor, used and promoted by imperial edicts inside and outside the imperial court, and regarded as a miracle by the imperial court and various government offices all over the country. Nine years later, Cai Lun was named "Longtinghou" with 300 restaurants. Because the new paper-making method, which was gradually implemented throughout the country, was invented by Cai Lun, people called this kind of paper "Cai Hou Paper".
Cai Lun's papermaking has spread all over the world along the Silk Road through Central Asia and Western Europe, making an indelible contribution to the inheritance and development of world civilization.
References:
Cai Lun-Baidu encyclopedia