Zhang Yichao and his rebel (09)-descendants of Zhang Yichao established their own country, nicknamed "Emperor in White"! In February of the first year of Dashun (890), there was a sudden chaos in Shazhou City, and the second leader of Guiyi Army, Shen (nephew of Zhang Yichao), his wife and six sons were all killed. After the turmoil, after Zhang Huaiding (the son of Zhang Yichao) left for the rebel army, Zhang Yichao's descendants regained control of the rebel army. But this hard-won position, Zhang Huaiding did not sit for long. But many years later, he was seriously ill, and the military affairs of Shazhou could only be completely entrusted to Suoxun. Before he died, he called his sons Zhang Chaofeng and Suo Xun to the bed and entrusted his youngest son to Suo Xun's care. Guiyijun 1 later sphere of influence. As a representative of the Soxhorn family, Soxhorn served as the secretariat of Guazhou for fourteen years. In the documents of Guiyijun preserved in Dunhuang, his achievements in building water conservancy and dredging rivers have been mentioned many times, so that thousands of hectares of fertile land can be irrigated, which shows that he is not incompetent. In addition, he is Zhang Yichao's son-in-law, which shows that Suoxun has always been one of the core members of Guiyi Army. But it is a pity that Suo Xun, who owes orphans, is not Zhuge Liang. When he stood on the steps below one person and above ten thousand people, he couldn't resist the temptation to go further. Shortly after Zhang Huaiding's death, he appointed himself as our special envoy to the Rebel Army. Strangely, Suoxun somehow got through the joints of the Tang Dynasty. In the first year of Jingfu, Tang Zhaozong (892), Tang Ting actually ordered the approval of Suoxun to serve as our time in Hexi Guiyi Army. You know, Shen and Zhang Huaiding both fought Chang 'an many times, requesting that the authority of our time be granted to the Guiyi Army. But it has been ambiguous, pushing from left to right, the Zhang brothers begged for no position, but Suoxun dismissed it. However, even though Suo Xun was appointed by Tang Ting and stood above the righteous cause, his replacement still broke the balance of power among the Shazhou giants. You know, the Shazhou rebel regime was founded by Zhang Yichao, and almost all Shazhou clans admit that only Zhang is the leader of Shazhou. Even the category of "Zhang's truth" is narrow enough to be limited to Zhang Yichao's root seedlings. Even in the uprising army, Shen (the son of Zhang), a descendant of Zhang, played a great role. He was the leader of the uprising army and people criticized him constantly. Now, a person who doesn't even have a surname of Zhang has actually become an era for us and the rebel army. This is really unacceptable to other giants in Shazhou. Even if Suo Xun wins the Tang Ting Award, what can he do? Everyone knows what the Tang Dynasty is like now. The chaos of Huang Chao and Zhu Mei completely hollowed out the inheritance of the Tang Dynasty, not to mention exerting influence on Hexi, and even Guanzhong was in chaos! It is under this kind of psychology that other giants in Shazhou began to wonder, "Why are you the boss?" ? ! "Besides, we are all nobles and pay attention to' eating'. You don't eat very well, do you? ! Then, Zhang Yichao's fourteen women (Mrs. Li Mingzhen) began to string the rope down in Shazhouhao Group. Although it had passed away at that time, the Li family in Hexi was not inferior to Soxhlet's top giants. Under the series connection of Mrs. Zhang (whose name has been lost in time), in 896 AD (Tang Zhaozong, three years), Shazhou tycoons joined hands to kill Suoxun. "Lai Taibao is a god, he will be put to death, re-seal his heirs, and then leave all his grandchildren." Second, Zhang Chengfeng's "Jinshan Kingdom in the Western Han Dynasty" and "The Emperor in White". Li was set up as the new ambassador to the rebel army in Hexi, and Zhang Yichao was so successful that he was revived. Zhang Can Shengfeng took control from now on? Obviously not! Li Hexi has made outstanding contributions and must be treated specially. Therefore, Li Mingzhen's four sons, Justin, Hong Ding, Hong Jian and Hong Yi, were appointed as the deputy envoys of Shazhou Secretariat and our time, while Guazhou Secretariat joined the army, Ganzhou Secretariat and Zuo Wuwei. As can be seen from these appointments, the Li family in Hexi holds the military and political power of the Guiyi Army and has almost become a puppet. The Li family is not a gorgeous diner, which has aroused the dissatisfaction of other families. The "inverted plum movement" reappeared after the "inverted rope movement". Li in Hexi had to give up part of his rights, and the balance of rights in Shazhou finally recovered. In August 900 (the third year of Guanghua), that is, four years after Zhang Chengfeng became the leader of the Guiyi Army. Tang Zhaozong issued a letter, admitted the fait accompli, and ordered Rizo to be regarded as a regular servant of the school's left riding, and to be a secretariat and ancient bachelor in Shazhou, and to observe and deal with exile in Guasaixi and other states. It can be seen that the Tang Dynasty has long been powerless to the sandbar enclave. No matter who is in power, as long as the Tang Dynasty is a new moon. Later, Zhang Chengfeng served as our envoy in Hexi, and at the end of the Tang Dynasty, he always claimed to be Tang Chen, which was not a humble father. In 907 (God bless four years), Zhu Wen forced him to meditate and changed his name to Liang, enjoying the 289-year Li Tang Rebellion. When Rizo got the news, he was ordered to establish the "Jinshan Kingdom of the Western Han Dynasty" in Shazhou in 9 10 (Kaiping four years in Hou Liang), calling himself the "Emperor in White". History of the Five Dynasties? There is the same record in the Tubo Biography, "Shazhou, Liang Kaiping, was named the White Emperor of Jinshan by me". This is also the only record of "Jinshan State in the Western Han Dynasty" in the official history. There is a saying that the name of the country is used, "West" refers to the direction, "Han" refers to the Han nationality, and * * *, "Western Han" is the western country. Jinshan, also known as Jin Anshan, is located in the southwest of Dunhuang. In ancient times, it was the boundary between Tongluolan and Yutian and Tuguhun, that is, Altun Mountain at the junction of Gansu, Qinghai and Xinjiang. According to the concept of "five elements", the west belongs to gold, and gold is white, so the son of heaven in white is the son of heaven in the west. As can be seen from its founding name, people near Shazhou still maintain the status of * * *. Although Shazhou is actually a state where all ethnic groups live together, after Zhang Yichao's uprising, other ethnic groups around it, such as the Sogdians, quickly sinicized. Zhang Chengfeng's self-reliance on Jinshan Kingdom in the Western Han Dynasty is not without self-preservation. He hopes to arouse the support of the domestic people as a * * * under the containment of neighboring foreign countries. It's a pity that by the time of Jinshan Nation-State in the Western Han Dynasty, the forces of Guiyi Army were no longer in full swing. Its jurisdiction is at least not the six countries of melon, sand, Gansu, Soviet Union, Iraq and Liangliang in the era of Zhang Yichao. Since the deep period of Zhang Huai, the territory of the Guiyi Army has been shrinking day by day, and Xizhou, Tingzhou and Ganzhou have all been occupied by Uighurs, forming an east-west attack on the Shazhou Guiyi Army. Suzhou was controlled by Longjia and other tribes, and Liangzhou was separated by Gansu and Suzhou, so it was blocked by news and fell into the hands of Tubo Mo Wen forces. Although Zhang Chengfeng claimed to be "eight states and one scene after five cool days", it was really a big lie. He can control only Guazhou and Shazhou, only Ziting, Hangquan, Yan Yong, Shicheng, Changle, Xincheng and other six towns, with a population of only one million. It can only be regarded as one of the small countries with outstanding strength in Hexi region at that time. Third, the past of Jinshan State in the Western Han Dynasty When a country's national strength is weak and there are many powerful countries around it, the most important test of the monarch is not its ruling ability and military accomplishment, but its ability to balance the resources, and Zhang Chengfeng does not seem to be good at this skill. In fact, before the establishment of Jinshan in the Western Han Dynasty, the relationship between Ganzhou Uighur and Guiyijun was already very tense. In Dunhuang historical materials, there are many records of Ganzhou Uighur harassing sandbars and burning temples. After the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC), Rizo sent Luo Tongda to conquer Loulan to restore the traffic between Shazhou and Khotan. I doubt the feasibility of this plan. Zhang Chengfeng obviously wants to restore the southern line of the ancient Silk Road (that is, the Loulan Line) and break the three-sided encirclement of sandbars by Uighur forces. However, the straight-line distance from Shazhou to Khotan (now the site of Xiyotegan in Hotan County, Xinjiang) is 1200 km, and the ancient country of Loulan in Han Dynasty has long been buried under the yellow sand. If you want to cross the vast Gobi and restore the traffic along the Silk Road, I am afraid that the strength of Jinshan State in the Western Han Dynasty is difficult to do. Probably failed, but when he returned to Li, he seemed to take the opportunity to attack Uighur in Yizhou. In the documents of Jinshan Kingdom in Dunhuang, the expedition is described as follows: It is still very difficult and dangerous because of the obstacles in the middle of the road. Xiao Xiong ordered 1000 elite soldiers. May God bless him and help him win. ..... come back to Kensei, and I'll "sweep." From the record, it seems that this is still a victory. The problem is that the purpose of sending troops is to seek a passage south. As a result, it is found that the road to Khotan is difficult, and Tan Wei (a local tribal state) is also difficult to deal with. As a result, on the way back to the army, Gaochang Uighur was unprepared and attacked Yizhou. However, have you ever thought that Ganzhou Uighur in the East is a headache for Jinshan regime? How can you provoke Gaochang Uighurs in the west? So the two Uighur troops in the east and west were attacked on all sides, constantly breaking through the defense lines of Jinshan army and camping in the east of sandbar. Zhang Chengfeng had to send someone to "Nanfan" for help overnight. This "Nanfan" regime may refer to Wen Ming or Tubo tribes living in western Gansu. Finally, perhaps with the help of Nanfan, or with the hard struggle of the soldiers and civilians in Shazhou, Jinshan Kingdom repelled the Uighur attack and temporarily preserved its independent state system. In 9 1 1 year, Ganzhou Uighur attacked again, and the Jinshan Kingdom in the Western Han Dynasty could no longer resist. Although, in the Song of Longquan Sword preserved in Dunhuang, I expressed my confidence in defeating the enemy. "My emperor, Wei Xiong, is nameless. It's not too late to leave a mark under Qilian Mountain and break Ganzhou." However, the Shazhou army on the battlefield was scattered along the towns, the bones of the dead were buried and the living were separated from each other. The sound of wailing is endless, and resentment is high. "It is in this case that Zhang Chengfeng was forced to join the alliance at the gate and wrote" Ten thousand people in Shazhou go to Uighur Khan "in the name of the people in Shazhou, which is about the country of father and son." Khan is the heavenly father and the son of heaven. "The Jinshan Kingdom and the Emperor in White in the Western Han Dynasty were demoted to Dunhuang Kingdom and Dunhuang King in the Western Han Dynasty and became the descendants of Khan in Ganzhou. After four years of drying (9 14), Zhang Chengfeng died. Zhang Gui's rebellion began with Zhang Yichao's Shazhou Uprising and ended completely after 67 years. Later, Cao Yijin, the eldest clan of Shazhou, took over the rule of Shazhou. He abolished the "Dunhuang Kingdom in the Western Han Dynasty" and resumed the title of Guiyi Army, calling himself our emissary of Guiyi Army, which was called "Cao Shi Guiyi Army" in history. The Han regime in Shazhou opened a new chapter. Bibliography: Shazhou regime and Uighur expansion _ Yang; Cao Shi's Genealogy in Dunhuang and the Rebellion Regime in Cao Shi _ Feng Peihong; Hu-Han Marriage in Zhang's "Cao Shi Surrender": Uighur and Shazhou Uighur Regime in the Later Period of the Guiyi Army _ Lu Qingfu: This article is a detailed interpretation of the historical details of Netease News' hometown signature, which clarifies the context and the history of China from different angles! Welcome to pay attention to Tibetan reading of white wool cloth! "