Suirenshi
Suirenshi, also known as "Suirenshi", is the head of san huang and a native of Shangqiu, Henan Province. He drilled wood for fire and taught people to cook food in Shangqiu, Henan Province. He was the inventor of artificial fire in China, which ended the history of ancient human beings and created Chinese civilization. Shangqiu is therefore known as the birthplace of Chinese civilization. The myth of Suiren reflects the evolution of China's primitive times from using natural fire to making artificial fire. "Biography of Shangshu" says: "Sui people are emperors, Fuxi is the emperor of drama, and Shennong is the emperor of agriculture. Therefore, people learn from fire, fire and the sun. Yang Zun, so he entrusted the emperor to heaven. " He is a mythical hero who benefits the people with wisdom, courage and perseverance. After his death, Suiren was buried 1.5 kilometers southwest of Shangqiu ancient city today, and there was a mausoleum of Suihuang.
1. Suiren
Suiren's drilling for fire
(suì rén) (Suiren's) Yunqi is the inventor of fire in ancient Chinese mythology, the first in san huang.
2. Suiren, Fu Xishi, Shennong is called "san huang".
3. The Suiren clan was a matriarchal clan that lived in Shangqiu, Henan Province in the early Neolithic period. They made a living by hunting, and when the stones that hit wild animals collided with rocks, sparks were generated. Inspired, Suiren invented drilling for fire.
4. Suiren's family represents one character, and sometimes it is the synthesis of several characters; Sometimes it should be more of a clan or a tribal history; Sometimes it represents an era of ancestors' life and reflects the characteristics of an era in human diet; It is a reflection of the achievements of an era. The polysemy of the word "Suirenshi" is common in ancient Chinese mythology.
5. The Suihuang Mausoleum, 2km southwest of Shangqiu Ancient City, Suiyang District, Shangqiu City, is the burial place of Suiren's family. Its tomb is about 7m high and is surrounded by pine and cypress. In front of the tomb, there is a handwritten inscription by Mr. Yu Weichao, the curator of the Chinese History Museum, and a stone statue carved by later generations, which was erected to commemorate Suiren.
Introduction
Suiren, also known as "Suiren", an ancient man "eats like fur and drinks blood". He drilled wood to make fire in Shangqiu, Henan Province, and taught people to cook food. He was the inventor of artificial fire. The myth about him reflects the evolution from using natural fire to making artificial fire in China's primitive times. "Biography of Shangshu" says: "Sui people are emperors, Fuxi is the emperor of drama, and Shennong is the emperor of agriculture. Therefore, people learn from fire, fire and the sun. Yang Zun, so he entrusted the emperor to heaven. "
status
In China's myths and legends, there are many heroes who benefit the people with wisdom, courage and perseverance, and Xiang Ren is one of them.
Burial site
Today, 1.5km southwest of Shangqiu Ancient City, Shangqiu City, there is a tall mausoleum,
the Mausoleum of Emperor Sui, which is the tomb of the fire ancestor Sui Ren, the head of san huang. According to Han Feizi, Taiping Yu Lan and other ancient books, in ancient times, people used to eat raw food and eat raw food. Raw food stinks, hurts the stomach and is prone to diseases. Later, people found that the food cooked by fire was delicious and easy to digest. However, it is difficult for people to get and keep the fire because the natural fire caused by lightning strikes is rare and goes out in a short time.
At that time, a saint was inspired by the sparks when birds pecked at the wood, so he broke off the wood branches and drilled wood to make a fire. He taught this method to people, and from then on, human beings learned to make artificial fire, bake food, light, warm up and smelt with fire, and human life entered a new stage. People call this saint the Suiren surname, and regard him as "the head of san huang". Shangqiu has another saying about the fire made by Suiren. In ancient times, Shangqiu was a mountain forest. Suiren, who lives in the mountains, often preys on wild animals, and when the stones that hit the wild animals collide with the rocks, they often produce sparks. Inspired by this, Suiren struck stones with stones, ignited tinder with the generated sparks, and gave birth to fire. This method of making fire was still used in Shangqiu rural area thirty years ago. In recent years, the government has not only renovated the Suiren Mausoleum, but also expanded the cemetery, set up various stone carvings and planted flowers and trees, making the cemetery a landscape with tourist value.
Edit this paragraph to drill wood for fire
Ancient book records
Sui Renshi is the legendary inventor of drilling wood for fire, which has been recorded in ancient books of the pre-Qin period. According to "Five Mistakes of Han Feizi", "In ancient times, there were few people and many animals, and the people were invincible; ..... People eat fruits, clams and clams, and the foul smell hurts their stomachs and stomachs, causing many diseases. There are saints who drill for fire to make it stink, and the people say (Yue) it, making the king of the world, and embarrassing people on the day of the date. " "corpse" says: "a man looks up at the stars and looks down at five trees as a fire." The "Notes on the Collection" says: "Hence, it became clear that the state-owned trees were famous, and they were all over the place. Later, there were saints who swam to their country, birds pecked at trees, and they burst into flames. The saints felt awkward because they used twigs to drill fire. " "Ancient History Examination" says: "At the beginning of ancient times, people sucked dew, ate grass and fruits, lived in the mountains, ate birds and animals, clothed their feathers, and ate fish, turtles and clams near the water, without cremation, which was harmful to the stomach.
In order to make (yes) a saint come out, use fire as a king, make a drill to make a fire, teach people to cook food, cast gold as a blade, and make people happy. " "Three Graves" says: "Suiren teaches people to eat with guns, drill wood for fire, have a platform for preaching, and have a policy of tying ropes." "Hanshu" also has a record of "teaching people to cook food, nurturing people's interests, avoiding odor and removing poison". Mr. Shang Binghe, a famous scholar in the late Qing Dynasty, said: "Fire comes from nothing, and its invention is difficult." The emperor felt that the forest burned himself, and he knew that the wood hid the fire. I didn't know that after several attacks and trials, I got it by drilling the wood. Its merits have entered the nest again, and it is the emperor's number. It can be seen that the shackles at that time were sacred and the benefits were deep. " He also said: "Or, it is said that cremation and eating began in Xixi, so it is thought that it is a number. Do you know that since the man invented fire, his wisdom still does not know how to eat?" The gunner wraps the meat and burns it, and burns its hair to make it familiar. In cooked food, Suiren not only invented artificial lighting, but also pioneered cooked food. Mr. Shang also said in the "Examination of Social Customs and Things in Past Dynasties": "From now on, before there was fire, all meat was eaten raw, and those who died because it was harmful to people did not know how much it was and did not know the taste. When you get cooked food, the smell of meat is suddenly fragrant, the indifference of vegetation is suddenly sweet and crisp, the ice of water can be drunk, and the cold can be warm. Burn firewood at night to protect tigers and leopards, and it will be later. When husband preached on stage and broadcast was used, the feeling of all the people was the crudest method. When you go to Fuxi, Fuxi is more beautiful. It was created by a monk, no doubt. " Mr. Shang Binghe thinks that why Dai is glad is such a great achievement. If there is fire, it can be metallurgically used as a blade and other tools. Before fire, everything was made of stone, which is called the Stone Age.
story reduction
In ancient times, people didn't know there was fire, and they didn't know how to use it. At night, it was dark everywhere, the roar of wild animals came and went, and people huddled together, cold and scared. Because there is no fire, people can only eat raw food, often get sick and live a short life.
There is a great god named Fuxi in the sky. He is sad to see that life on earth is so difficult. He wants people to know the use of fire. So Fuxi showed his magical powers and dropped a thunderstorm in the mountains. With a "crack", lightning struck the trees, and the trees burst into flames, which soon became a raging fire. People were frightened by lightning and fire and fled everywhere. Soon, the thunderstorm stopped, night fell, and the earth became colder and wetter after the rain. The scattered people got together again, and they looked at the burning trees in horror. At this time, a young man found that the howling of wild animals that used to appear around him was gone. He thought, "Is the wild animal afraid of this shiny thing?" So he bravely walked to the fire, and he found himself so warm. He greeted everyone excitedly: "Come on, this fire is not terrible at all, it brings us light and warmth!" " At this time, people found that the wild animals burned to death not far away gave off bursts of fragrance. People gathered by the fire and shared the burnt meat of wild animals, feeling that they had never tasted such delicious food. People feel the value of fire. They pick branches, light the fire and keep them. Every day, people take turns to watch the fire and not let it go out. But one day, the man on duty fell asleep, and the fire burned out the branches and went out. People fell into darkness and cold again, and it was very painful.
Fuxi, a great god, saw all this in the sky. He came to the dream of the young man who first discovered the use of fire and told him, "There is a kingdom of Suiming in the far west, where there is fire. You can go there and get it back." The young man woke up, remembered what the great god said in his dream, and decided to go to Suiming country (now Shangqiu, Henan Province) to look for kindling.
The young man climbed mountains, waded across rivers, and went through forests. After all the hardships, he finally came to Suiming. But there is no sunshine here, day and night, everywhere is dark, there is no fire at all. The young man was very disappointed and sat down under a big tree called Suimu to have a rest. Suddenly, there was a flash of light in front of the young man's eyes, shining brightly around him. The young man immediately stood up and looked around for a light source. At this time, he found that there were several big birds pecking the insects on the tree with short and hard beaks. As soon as they peck, bright sparks shine on the tree. When the young man saw this scene, his mind flashed. He immediately broke some branches of the tree and drilled the big branches with small branches. The branches really flashed with fire, but they didn't catch fire. The young man was not discouraged. He found all kinds of branches and patiently rubbed them with different branches. Finally, there was smoke on the branch, and then there was a fire. The young man shed tears of joy.
Young people have returned to their hometown, bringing people a fire that will never go out-the method of drilling wood for fire. From then on, people no longer have to live in cold and fear. People were impressed by the young man's courage and wisdom, elected him as the leader, and called him "a man who made a fire", which means "one who made a fire".
significance
the invention of artificial fire ended the era of human beings eating and drinking blood, and opened a new era of human civilization. Therefore, Suiren has always been respected and worshipped by people, and he is regarded as the head of san huang and the "ancestor of fire".
The invention of fire made human beings have creative warmth, provided weapons and conditions for the gathering of ancient human beings, and provided the root for the generation of human social thought. The invention of fire created the pregnant period of Chinese culture.
The earliest primitive people didn't know how to use fire. Everything was eaten raw, not counting the fruits of plants. Even the wild animals were eaten alive, even with hair and blood. Later, the use of fire was invented (traces of fire have been found on the Peking man site in Zhoukoudian, indicating that the use of fire was known at that time).
The phenomenon of fire has existed in nature for a long time. Volcano erupts and there is fire. When thunder and lightning strike, the forest will also catch fire. But primitive people began to see fire, and instead of using it, they were scared to death. Later, I occasionally picked up a wild animal that was killed by fire and brought it to taste. It tasted delicious. After many experiments, people gradually learned to eat with fire, and tried to keep the fire alive all the year round.
It took quite a long time for people to drill hard and sharp wood on another hard wood and drill out Mars. Others beat the flint (suiyin) and knocked out the fire. This shows that workers can make a fire (according to archaeological materials, cavemen already know how to make a fire artificially). Who invented it? Of course, it is a working people, but in legend, it is said to be a person, called "Suiren".
it is an amazing invention to make a fire artificially. Since then, people can eat cooked food at any time, and the variety of food has also increased. It is said that Suiren also teaches people to fish. It turns out that things like fish, turtles, clams, and clams are raw and can't be eaten. If you have a way to make fire, you can cook them and eat them.
New explanation of the story
"Suiren" can be found in ancient legends, and its
deeds are "teaching people to drill wood for fire". This technological invention makes people no longer rely on natural fire to get kindling. The word "flint" means a tool for making fire. In modern times, it generally refers to flint, which can hit Mars by rubbing against each other. In the pre-Qin era, it mainly refers to the action of drilling for fire, that is, using a wooden stick to quickly drill another piece of wood to generate heat and eventually become a fire. In fact, the homonyms of Sui, Tunnel, Sui and Jia are all related to the meaning of "through the darkness": Sui means completion, and its original meaning is quite out of the dark tunnel, with the meaning of being suddenly enlightened, such as one's wishes, one's wishes, etc. Tunneling is to dig a tunnel, and of course it is dark in the tunnel; The flint is to drill a hole in the wood block, with the purpose of taking fire; Deep meaning refers to the profundity of space or time, just like in a tunnel, it is difficult to distinguish the prospect. As can be seen from these homophones, it is very likely that there was a legendary story of Suiren in the era when there were no words. The name "Suirenshi" itself describes the great invention of drilling for fire. Engels said: "As far as the liberation of the world is concerned, friction fire still exceeds the steam engine. Because the friction fire for the first time made people dominate a natural force, and finally separated from the animal kingdom. " Mr. Guo Moruo said in China's Historical Manuscript: "The invention of artificial fire has undoubtedly played an extremely important role in the life of ancient humans, which has attracted great attention from future generations ... Such a legend is certainly mixed with the life content of future generations and covered with a mysterious coat, but it still reflects the simple historical background of ancient human life."
An important discovery in Zhoukoudian, Beijing is the evidence that Beijingers use fire. The evidence includes ashes, charcoal blocks and burnt bones and stones. Because some ashes appear in piles, it shows that Beijingers have learned how to keep the fire from spreading around, that is to say, Beijingers have already managed to control the fire. The discovery of evidence of Peking man using fire was the earliest record of human using fire known at that time. On the other hand, the ability of Beijing people to manage and control fire shows that Beijing people are not the first human group to use fire, and the time when humans first started to use fire should be advanced. Later, anthropologists from other countries also found many remains of fire in more ancient Homo erectus sites in Africa and other places. For example, the primitive
paleolithic culture found in Angola shows signs of fire. From all indications, the history of human use of fire should be more than one million years.
In fact, human beings first used fire to pursue bright psychological needs. Corresponding to the pursuit of light, human beings are born with a deep fear of darkness. The horror of darkness has accompanied the whole history of mankind, and all the decadent things that threaten mankind later are described as darkness. People have five senses: sight, hearing, smell, taste and touch. Among them, vision is the most important information channel to perceive the outside world, and the information it obtains accounts for 81% of the total information obtained by the human body, followed by hearing, which obtains 11% of the information. Losing feeling is a terrible thing. In 1954, Canadian psychologists Herb and Kirsten conducted the first "sensory deprivation" experiment, which made the subjects lie on the bed in a soundproof room, blindfolded, blocked their ears and put on gloves, basically depriving them of their vision, hearing and touch. The results show that after being deprived of feeling, people will have unbearable pain, most subjects can only persist for three days, and almost no one can endure for more than a week. After being deprived of feelings, people's psychology will be abnormal, they can't concentrate, they can't think continuously, some people will have hallucinations, others will become neurotic and even have terror. Even after the experiment, their ability to concentrate and think is still seriously affected, and it will take some time to recover. It can be seen that the feeling of deprivation will bring serious psychological damage to people. Because vision obtains 81% of our human trust.