1 and 20 10 production and market status of laying hens in China.

1. 1 According to the data published by the National Bureau of Statistics, the output of fresh eggs in China in 2003 was 2 1.6 million tons, an increase of 5.8% over 2002. In 2003, it mainly concentrated in Shandong, Hebei, Henan, Jiangsu, Liaoning, Sichuan and other provinces 10, accounting for 80% of the national egg production. In the same period, the feed price increased by 12.2% over the previous year, reaching 1 kg 1.85 yuan. The annual output of laying hens in China is 280~3 10, and the weight of eggs is 60 ~ 65g. High-quality laying hens 150~250 (producing fine or excellent eggs, such as native eggs), and the egg weight is 48 ~ 54g. The latter accounts for about 3% of the output.

1.2 overview of poultry and egg market: China's fresh egg market is mainly in Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai, Guangdong, Chongqing, Fujian and other provinces and cities. In 2003, the total output of fresh eggs in China was 24.52 million tons (including waterfowl eggs and special poultry eggs), and 807,000 tons of fresh eggs were exported, with an annual average of 18 kg. In 2002, the per capita annual consumption of eggs in China was 206 pounds, and in 2004 it was estimated to be 265,438 pounds. The top three international per capita annual consumption levels are: Mexico 303, Hungary 285 and the United States 252. China's per capita annual consumption is at a medium level. The market price of fine eggs is generally 8.0~ 12.0 yuan per kilogram, and the highest price of gift eggs (after packaging) is one in 2.0 yuan, that is, 40 yuan per kilogram. In 2003, the total output value of poultry catering industry in China at the end of the year was 24 15 billion yuan, of which/kloc-0.0 billion yuan was for poultry eggs, accounting for 42%, and the poultry industry accounted for 28.7% of the total output value of animal husbandry. According to International Poultry, in 2006, the total number of laying hens in the world was 5.7 billion, and the egg production was about 60 million tons. In 2005, the export volume of Asia increased by 10 times compared with the previous year, reaching100000 tons. From 2005 to 2006, the per capita consumption of eggs in the world remained at around 8.7 kg. This has brought good opportunities for the development of high-quality and top-level laying hens.

1.3 "plateau phenomenon" appeared in the production of laying hens in China. Since 1997, the central document No.25 requires the development of industrial chicken raising in urban suburbs, laying hens have been developing continuously for more than 30 years. Under the current conditions in China, both production, circulation and market are stable at a medium level, which is the "plateau phenomenon" of things development. How to break this pattern is a matter of concern to everyone.

2. China's laying hen production is facing a transition period.

2. 1 Laying hens changed from quantity type to quality type. China's egg market only pursued quantity from 1970s to the end of 1980s. In the 1990 s, both quality and quantity were pursued; At the beginning of 2 1 century, the emphasis was on quality, and fine products and best products began to enter the market, that is, earth eggs and imitation earth eggs entered the market. Therefore, high quality, high yield and high efficiency should be carried out in all aspects of the production and market consumption of catering service and management teaching plan, including the feeding methods of laying hens, and the welfare of chickens should be paid attention to. The quality of eggs should be fresh, fragrant and delicious, and meet the requirements of pollution-free or green or organic food. Therefore, market brand eggs came into being. Especially high-quality native eggs, that is, eggs produced by more than 40 native chickens in China/KLOC-0, such as free-range eggs in North China, stupid eggs in Northeast China, eggs from Southeast Grass and eggs from Southwest Mountain. In essence, it is a dual-purpose egg with 50% or 75% local chicken blood relationship, weighing about 50 grams, and it is a pink-shelled egg with high protein content, mellow taste, good quality and high price.

2.2 From scattered feeding of farmers to highly intensive feeding, China mainly used free-range chickens in the 1950s and 1960s. In 1970s and 1980s, chickens were mainly raised in state-owned and collective factories, with a total number of100000 ~ 500000. From the late 1980s to the 1990s, the company mainly increased the number of specialized chicken farmers to the base farmers, generally in the scale of 2000 to 10000. For example, there are 46 million laying hens in Hai 'an County, northern Jiangsu Province. At present, this scale is not suitable for the development of modern market, mainly because the quality of feed, sanitary environment and the management level of Yongzhen animal husbandry are difficult to control, so the quality standard of eggs is difficult to control. It is an urgent contradiction to prevent loose and out-of-control egg products from infiltrating into the standardized commodity market. Chicken farms that used to be low-input and high-output have become low-input and low-output or even unprofitable. These chicken farms will naturally close down. Smart farmers will take it when they see it, and chicken farms with poor information will lose in the end. This painful lesson can be seen everywhere in the country. This promotes intensive feeding.

2.3 A new level of high-density breeding began to appear. Due to the improvement of people's scientific and technological level and quality of life, fake and shoddy products are withdrawing from the market every day. With the requirements of the times, private, highly intensive, scientific, standardized and market-oriented emerging industries for laying hens are rapidly emerging. For example, 300,000 to 500,000 laying hens are being built in the suburbs of Beijing and Tianjin, and some of them have been put into production one after another. For example, Beijing Huadu Yukou Poultry Industry Co., Ltd. has raised 600,000 sets of breeding chickens from ancestors and parents, and sold 40 million commercial chicks annually, with a sales income of 250 million yuan. China Dalian Han Wei Group cooperated with Danish enterprises, joined Net Chengxin brand, and expanded the laying hen farm to 900,000. Adopt 8-storey cage culture, fully enclosed. There are 6.5438+0.5 million chickens in each building, and the annual egg production is 654.38+0.8.5 kg, and the feed-egg ratio is 654.38+0: 2.35, which is close to the level of developed countries. An industrial pattern similar to "company plus base plus workshop" began to take shape in various places. It can be predicted that about 20 10, this highly intensive feeding will account for 70~80% of the production of laying hens. A new team that has changed from farmers to industrial workers is on the rise.

2.4 Fresh eggs developed from bulk listing to processing and packaging brand listing. Once 1 0,000% of fresh eggs in China were listed in bulk, but now more than 50% of them are listed in packaging or fine packaging, marked as pollution-free or green eggs. Brand eggs, such as Deqingyuan, Giggle, etc. , has been listed in large quantities, and finely packaged eggs, such as "Kung Pao Phoenix Egg" and "Free-range Vegetable Egg", have been listed in small quantities. It can be predicted that in 20 10, more than 70~80% of eggs will be replaced by brand eggs, and excellent eggs will account for 20~30%.

2.5 The production area of laying hens will be further transferred to the outer suburbs of large and medium-sized cities and surrounding provinces and cities. In 1970s and 1980s, while China developed the factory farming industry in the suburbs of urban milk tea chain stores, some developed countries have pushed the farming industry in central cities to neighboring provinces and cities. China is currently implementing this plan. For example, no new breeding bases will be developed within the Sixth Ring Road in Beijing, as are most other big cities. This layout of aquaculture is undoubtedly of special significance to the development of a new round of highly intensive laying hen industry.

2.6 comprehensive modernization of facilities and equipment China has experienced the process of laying hens in factory, semi-factory and artificial cage, and accumulated rich experiences and lessons in both positive and negative aspects. At present, it is following all-round modernization, which is mainly reflected in the selection of pollution-free sites, closed breeding, the use of excellent hybrid varieties, strict epidemic prevention and health system, high-quality brand feed, scientific management level and so on.

2.7 After China's entry into WTO, the export market will be expanding day by day, with egg production ranking first in the world, laying hen variety resources ranking first in the world, and egg quality ranking first in the world. Our egg production is close to two thirds of the world's. As long as we pay attention to the welfare of chickens, especially the change of chicken raising environment and the good price of turkey breeding; Pay attention to the selection and production of chickens; Pay attention to the quality of feed for laying hens; Pay attention to the deep processing of eggs; Pay attention to continuously improve the quality level of fresh egg packaging and preservation; Then our egg import and export volume may account for more than 1/4 of the world, that is, it may reach the threshold of exporting100000 tons of eggs. For example, Han Wei Group exports a large number of eggs to Japan and other Southeast Asian countries.

3. The theory, direction, principles and methods of laying hens breeding in China.

3. 1 "High quality, high yield and high efficiency" is the direction of laying hens breeding. In the 1990s, the development direction of China's agricultural products was "high quality, safety and high efficiency", which is also the direction of laying hens breeding. Our policy should be to cultivate new varieties (strains) of laying hens with China characteristics. That is to say, it should have the characteristics, characteristics and characteristics of ecological local fine breed laying hens: beautiful appearance, coordinated physiological mechanism and symmetrical structure; The flavor, taste, taste and nutrition of eggs and chickens are great; Adult weight1300 ~1500g; Good egg laying performance (265~285 eggs per year) and high reproduction rate; Strong resistance and good adaptability; Eggshell color: (12 grade comparison board) is grade 4~8; Egg yolk is relatively large, bright yellow and red in color, and protein is high; And is favored by the market. This kind of chicken with egg hygiene management system is called ecological high-quality laying hens. Among them, it is the best laying hens that resemble ecological local fine varieties, such as Nongdafen No.3 and Beijing Gongting Phoenix Chicken. , all contain dw gene.

3.2 Applying the new theory of hybrid heritability, through the implementation of "double selection breeding method", we systematically summed up the "ecological optimization breeding scheme" in the "high-quality broiler strain breeding and supporting research", that is, organically combining "natural selection" with "artificial selection" to find the best combination point between them. This is consistent with the foreign balanced selection method. "Double selection breeding method" is an ideal breeding method for ecological optimization breeding scheme. It selects and matches seeds according to the results of pedigree offspring and hybrid offspring, so that both additive and non-additive effects of genes can be selected, and if there are recessive favorable genes, they can be selected first. In this way, the two departments have excellent cooperation. It is not difficult to imagine that we can carry out "double and multiple double selection breeding method" on this basis. In this way, Professor Wu Zhongxian's hybrid heritability principle was skillfully applied to the breeding and seed production of H brand in 09 franchise network. Because the "double selection breeding method" organically combines pure line breeding with hybrid seed production, the best combination point of natural selection and artificial selection is found.

4. Challenges and opportunities faced by the laying hens industry.

4. 1 World domestic chickens mainly originated in China. There are about 140 local chicken breeds (including subspecies) in China, which is a valuable wealth and an inexhaustible "gold mine". It has made important contributions to the breeding of laying hens and broilers in the world. In recent 30 years, China imported high-yield laying hens from all over the world, such as highland laying hens in the United States, Roman laying hens in Germany and Ross laying hens in Britain. High-yield laying hens are rich in resources; Our laying hens include Huadu laying hens, Beinong Dabu, B4 supporting line of China Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai Xinyang laying hens, etc. This laid a foundation for breeding laying hens with China characteristics. This is a great resource advantage. At the same time, as mentioned above, we still have certain production advantages and market advantages.

4.2 China's stratified production is facing new challenges, and the level of production management chain is backward; Outdated facilities and equipment; The breeding base of improved varieties is relatively backward; The hygienic quality of eggs is poor and the international market share is low. This is not commensurate with the "three firsts" of the laying hens industry in China.

4.3 The facilities and equipment for laying hens production and processing in China can reach the international advanced level. For example, the modern assembled chicken coop produced by Beijing Agricultural Machinery Research Institute has reached a high level in heat preservation, ventilation and lighting. The supporting laminated chicken coops produced by Yanbei Group, including feeding, drinking water, egg picking and dung cleaning automation, are exported to Africa, Southeast Asia and other regions.

4.4 The supporting technology has a high level of science and technology, which is equivalent to the nutrition research and feed processing level of laying hens in China; The applied research level of epidemic prevention is equal to or higher than the international level, such as the production and detection methods of avian influenza vaccine.

4.5 The agricultural industry standard of the People's Republic of China (ZY5039-200 1) was promulgated and implemented on September 3rd, 20001. It laid a standard foundation for production and sales.

4.6 It is suggested to establish a breeding center for laying hens. China's laying hens have the potential to join the agency in terms of variety resources, quality and market. With the financial support of the state, a breeding center for laying hens should be established to compete in the world breeding market.

4.7 The good opportunities of China's laying hens industry and the negative impact of Asian avian influenza have prompted the adjustment of laying hens' industrial structure, and there is a large room for production and market development. Foresighted entrepreneurs at home and abroad began to invest huge sums of money to build an all-round laying hen industry. For example, in 2002, Han Wei Group passed the IS09000 quality system certification and the IS 14000 environmental quality system certification. At present, they have sales networks in Beijing, Shanghai, Shenyang and other cities 10. The group seized the strategic opportunity of the development of the "Giggling" brand and achieved ideal economic benefits.

4.8 China will become a big chicken country in the world, and China is a big agricultural country in the world. In today's economic globalization, China's agricultural products export has special advantages and should occupy an important position in the international market. There is no doubt that in aquaculture, eggs and chicken, especially thoroughbred eggs and chicken, will be the key products for China to earn foreign exchange by exporting agricultural products. The export volume of eggs has increased from several hundred thousand tons now to 20 15 years 1. Shanghai Lv Xin can reach 5 million tons, and it may exceed100000 tons by 2020. At that time, we truly demonstrated that China is the largest country in the industrial production of laying hens and the largest country in the world.