After starting trial operations on Sept. 20 last year and officially opening the restaurant on Oct. 26, Zhao said, "If there is an adjective for this journey, it should be tough, and if you add another adjective in front of this adjective, it's exceptionally tough."
Choosing means taking responsibility
For choosing to start his own business, Zhao Mingchen believes that direct employment is more passive, basically at the behest of others, and make a lot of things may not be your most original idea, while entrepreneurship will be your own heart of the things directly expressed, because at that time there is no one to influence your thoughts, is your own seize the best opportunity to express themselves.
It is understood that Zhao Mingchen, who graduated from the Department of Journalism and Communication, once found a job with a monthly salary of 6,000 yuan in an advertising agency for his excellent advertising ideas, but he chose to run his own restaurant.
Beijing Union University, College of Applied Arts and Sciences, Department of Journalism and Communication teacher Zheng Wei told reporters: "That restaurant was a duck restaurant, contracted by the outside world, and then do not want to do, our school students often go there to eat, the restaurant is quite affectionate, and I hope to be able to continue to do the restaurant, learned of the news, Zhao Mingchen stepped forward. He is usually more economically minded and willing to make some attempts at doing business, and is particularly interested in courses in public **** relations and advertising."
Tang Xiaoheng, associate dean of the School of Applied Arts and Sciences at Beijing Union University, who was involved in the bidding for the "80s" restaurant, said that entrepreneurship and employment are not at the same level, and that although it belongs to employment, it is more in-depth than employment, and that entrepreneurship in fact carries with it a social responsibility to explore how to solve the problem of employment and develop itself at the same time. The problem of their own development.
"The solution to the problem of self-employment of college students is bound to go through a difficult stage, we are also trying, there are also a variety of discussions in the community, some industry insiders believe that the on-campus restaurant or should find experienced people to do. We look at the long-term perspective, part of the students may go to work two or three years after the consideration of entrepreneurship, part of the people may want to start their own business as soon as they graduate, this part of the people, although the proportion is very small, but after all, this is a normal demand for social development. Support a few people dare to come out to 'eat crabs' and take part of the social responsibility, no matter what the final result is, it is a rare experience for the student's life, as long as he has the courage to face it. Therefore, as long as the basic conditions are in place, the appropriate provision of opportunities to support students to start their own business, which is also the embodiment of the school's function of educating people." Tang Xiaoheng told reporters.
Preferential policies are difficult to reflect
"Running a variety of procedures is the most troublesome, various departments are aware of some of the country's preferential policies for college students to start their own businesses, but because there is no specific implementation of the program can be referred to, so then basically in accordance with the formal procedures." Zheng Wei said with great emotion, "the most difficult is to the Health Bureau to do health permits, to go through a rigorous audit, after the renovation, please ask the Health Bureau to look at, there are unqualified have to be redone, probably after more than two months to do down. Plus business, tax and other aspects, more than three months to basically finish these procedures."
In an interview with a media, Zhao Mingchen said helplessly, like our own professional counterparts, a lot of things will not understand, there may be a lot of wrong way. The license process we initially thought would be more complex, but did not anticipate as we really handle so complex, drag the time is quite long. In the process of applying for various licenses, we have not felt that one of them is for college students until today.
The state has introduced preferential policies for college students to start their own businesses, but the reality is not felt, in front of the camera, Zhao Mingchen, inadvertently showed a little complaint, but he then firmly said that he has learned to face the reality of a frank mind.
The reporter learned from some sources that the government did put forward some supportive policies in supporting college students' entrepreneurship, but some of these policies are difficult to operate, and some of them have been changed in the process of implementation, especially in the field of operation, financing channels and tax incentives and other key issues related to college students' entrepreneurship, and college students who start their own businesses do not enjoy real support.
According to a media survey, more than 90% of the enterprises founded by college students are * private loans, 65.3% of the entrepreneurs believe that in the shortage of start-up capital to the bank loans have difficulties, some institutions specifically for the laid-off unemployed to set up a small business loans, simple procedures, low threshold, but the institutions specifically for college students to provide small loans basically do not.
A 2001 graduate of Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics to start a company, told reporters that the national policy on student entrepreneurship certainly has a catalytic effect, but which is related to student entrepreneurial companies to provide entrepreneurial micro-loans and guarantees of the content of the meaning is not very significant, because the bank is not willing to lend to student entrepreneurial companies such as the size of the piety of the risk of large-scale, the ability to repay the loan of a weak enterprise.
Systematic entrepreneurship education needs to be strengthened
Many college students said in the survey, the most difficult to start a business is not the capital, the lack of knowledge, skills and information is the biggest difficulty in starting a business, they hope that the school can systematically open some entrepreneurship classes, so that college students learn professional knowledge and skills, while actively participating in a variety of social practices, to obtain market information, to expand their social circle.
These are the most important things to do in the world of entrepreneurship.
Education on entrepreneurship in schools is very necessary, entrepreneurship training is just sowing the seeds of entrepreneurship in the hearts of students, if the students can be educated in this regard on campus, and to guide college students to take entrepreneurship as a way to future employment, and to make preparations as early as possible, it will be more conducive to the future of the entrepreneurship of the students.
The reporter found in the survey that some university teachers believe that graduates go into business for themselves, usually because they can't find a job. The person in charge of the employment guidance center of a key university said, "Our school's supply of graduates exceeds demand, there is no need to start a business, the school's attitude towards entrepreneurship is neither to encourage, nor oppose, appropriate guidance it." It is understood that Tsinghua University and Peking University have lectures and activities related to independent entrepreneurship, but there is no course on independent entrepreneurship.
Tang Xiaoheng said, in some schools with more mature conditions to open courses on college students' entrepreneurship, teach college students to be familiar with the procedures for obtaining business qualifications and channels for raising funds, and to understand the experience and principles of business, to prevent irregularities in operation. This is a very good way of education, enabling higher education to be closely integrated with regional economic and social development. Students, through their studies, have a basic understanding and will gradually think about these issues, contributing to the relatively early exposure of some risk-conscious students who are willing to take on heavy responsibilities to these aspects, and guiding them to take a less detour, or else some unnecessary frustrations will stifle the motivation of the students.
It seems that colleges and universities should pay attention to entrepreneurship education while paying attention to career guidance, in addition to organizing stage-by-stage and localized entrepreneurship competitions, but also find ways to import entrepreneurship education. Alone a few students self-cultivation of consciousness, self-practice exercise, it is difficult to make college students independent entrepreneurship to form a scale, form a climate, and sometimes lack of scientific guidance. In India, colleges and universities pay much attention to training students' awareness of self-employment and entrepreneurial spirit, and their education content involves all aspects of enterprises, such as product design technology, quality management, sales, financing, interpersonal relations, business regulations and the relevant government laws and regulations, etc. These practices are worthy of our reference. These practices are worthy of our reference, in order to systematically train most students with the basic knowledge and skills of self-employment.
Desire for the care of the whole society
Student entrepreneurs are eager to get the support and help from the whole society when they go forward with passion and dreams. The current social environment also makes it difficult for college students to start their own businesses. Compared with the more mature market environment in Europe and the United States, Chinese entrepreneurs have a heavier burden on their shoulders. Society is in a period of transition, entrepreneurship needs a variety of services are not yet perfect, let a young man in his 20s to consider the problems faced by entrepreneurs in their 40s, very unrealistic. The cruelty and ruthlessness of the mall will not forgive you for the mistakes you make just because you are young.
Mr. Zheng Wei, who is familiar with Zhao Mingchen, talked about how Zhao's family, as well as relatives and friends, came together and helped a lot, and how, after the media reports, many warm-hearted people in the community offered their help, including some who ran restaurants and asked Zhao to come to their own restaurants to introduce some very useful experiences. Of course there were also some crooks who came to the door and offered some fake cooperation, which were basically recognized.
Zhao Ming Chen is more fortunate, it is reported, in the restaurant renovation of two months, the College of Applied Arts and Sciences are exempt from utilities and rent, until the official opening of the counting; college leaders are also very concerned about the holding of some college activities need to be ordered at noon, are to Zhao Ming Chen's restaurant to order; as for the teacher and the students are often to go to the scene; and Zhao Ming Chen is a Beijinger, so the account of the The problem does not exist. A person in charge of the talent market told reporters that, for foreign graduates who went to school in Beijing, if they choose to start their own business, their account, files and other issues, there is no relevant policy and specific measures to solve the problem, and there is no special department or agency to provide advice and services for college students to start their own business.
"College students self-employment has its own characteristics, the level of cultural knowledge and technology content is relatively high, but the weakness is also obvious, that is, the degree of social understanding and cognition is far from enough, from the relatively pure campus out of the direct participation in the fierce and brutal competition in the market is obviously not adapted." Zheng Wei believes that there should be a transition period, in this transition period, with the support of society as a whole, the state to ensure a smooth transition of college students to a social person, which is conducive to the formation of healthy competition in the social market and high-level talent to stand out.
When the reporter came to the "80s" theme restaurant again on January 5, 2005, the door was locked, a sign stood alone there, which reads, "The winter vacation is coming, my restaurant will be with the College of Arts and Sciences together with the holiday, into the holiday rest, to be resumed in the spring when the flowers bloom! Business, I wish all teachers, students, old and new friends a happy vacation and good health."
Zheng Wei told reporters, because the positioning of the restaurant is mainly oriented to the students of the College of Applied Arts and Sciences, teachers, plus nearby residents, so the students are currently on vacation, the restaurant also take this opportunity to take a break, summarize the previous period of time the business situation, from the back of the kitchen, the purchase of goods from the channel, including the business concepts will have an adjustment, and then open when there should be a new look.
It looks like the toughest days are slowly passing, and no matter how much difficulty and pressure there is, this group of college students born in the 1980s will insist on following such a path, because it is their choice.
As Tang Xiaoheng said, what we are looking forward to is to promote the thinking on college students' entrepreneurship, the improvement of entrepreneurial environment and the effective implementation of government policies through such a realistic entrepreneurial activity.
Links to the comparison of college students' entrepreneurship in China and the United States
The entrepreneurship program, also known as the "business plan," is a product of the rise of high-tech and venture capital. The business plan competition has a long history in American colleges and universities, and since 1983, when the University of Texas at Austin held its first business plan competition, more than 20 universities in the United States, including the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Stanford University, and other top universities in the world, have held this competition every year.
Yahoo, Excite, Netscape and other companies were born in the entrepreneurial atmosphere of the Stanford campus. MIT's $50,000 Business Plan Competition has been around for more than 10 years and has had a huge impact. From 1990 to now, there are five or six new enterprises born every year, and a considerable number of "plans" have been bought by nearby high-tech enterprises at a price of more than a million dollars. Some of the companies incubated directly from the "entrepreneurial program" have grown into multi-billion dollar companies in just a few years. Entrepreneurs are trained and grow in the competition. Venture capitalists flock to college campuses in search of future technology leaders. In a sense, college business plan competitions have become one of the direct drivers of the American economy in the knowledge economy.
From the comparison of college student entrepreneurship in the United States and China, you may find some sort of inspiration. In the way of investment, as college students, there is no strong material base, limited funds, the only way to use patents, professional technology or high-tech achievements and other intangible assets for investment, most entrepreneurs are transformed from technicians to management and operation personnel, which is the same characteristics of the two countries of college students entrepreneurship ****. In the social environment of entrepreneurship is also very similar, the two countries from the government to society, universities and the media to support and encourage college students to participate in social practice, independent entrepreneurship.
The first difference between the two countries is the difference in the starting time of entrepreneurship. College students' entrepreneurship fever originated from the entrepreneurial plan competition of American college students, which, as mentioned earlier, started in 1983. According to statistics, 46% of the top 50 high-tech companies in the United States came from MIT's Entrepreneurship Program Competition; while in China, in May 1998, Tsinghua University held its first Entrepreneurship Program Competition for college students. In terms of support, the Chinese government has issued policies, and the society and schools have provided some help for students' entrepreneurship, such as management consulting and business training, etc., while the relevant departments in the United States only create an atmosphere and environment in which students' companies are completely tested by the market from the day of their establishment. There is also a big difference between the two countries in absorbing venture capital. The United States is the most developed country in the world of venture capital, there is a mature capital market, venture capital funds are sufficient, the information service industry is developed, a variety of consulting services complete, so most of the entrepreneurial plans of American college students are feasible, market prospects, easy to get venture capital, the company's rapid development. At present, China's capital market is backward, venture capital is in its infancy, the secondary market is still in the pipeline, financing is quite difficult. College students lack of funds and time, thus many excellent entrepreneurial plans are difficult to put into practice. (Morning Sun) comments on the lack of training in entrepreneurial choices from the current choice of entrepreneurial projects for college students, the technical content is low, does not reflect the technical advantages of college students. Most of those student "bosses" are engaged in catering, clothing, photography and other industries. In fact, their choice of entrepreneurial industry is just a piece of cake from the already mature market, not in the creation of new social wealth, universities should strengthen the training of college students in entrepreneurial choice. (Shao Minglu, Chairman of Beijing Guanghua Management Training Center) The subjective conditions of making entrepreneurship education institutionalized independent entrepreneurship require individuals to have high quality, and in reality, university graduates are relatively lacking in the five aspects of entrepreneurship-related knowledge, actual entrepreneurial experience, due psychological quality, strong innovation ability and necessary capital base. Therefore, colleges and universities should attach great importance to the education and training of college students in independent entrepreneurship, so that it can be formalized and institutionalized in the curriculum. (Shen Jie, associate researcher at the Institute of Sociology, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences) Entrepreneurship is a good thing parents should support I think entrepreneurship is definitely a good thing, can maximize the exercise of a person, help growth. But the key point is that parents must support, help, some parents love vanity, willing to let their children go to a more stable job, for the child entrepreneurship is simply unacceptable, that this is no ability, no talent, no unit to receive the performance, this idea will certainly kill the enterprising spirit of the students. Compared with undergraduates, it is more practical for graduate students to choose entrepreneurship. First of all, graduate students do not have too much pressure from courses and have energy to carry out entrepreneurship; secondly, some graduate students have certain work experience and social experience, and their mentality is more mature; lastly, at the graduate stage, supervisors can give students advice and provide some convenience. (Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics student employment guidance service center director Lu Yan) first employment after entrepreneurship is more lawful just graduated college students are limited to the knowledge learned in the classroom, the lack of social experience, in this case entrepreneurship, it can be imagined that encountered more difficulties than others. It is better to work and practice in a large-scale enterprise for a few years after graduation to accumulate the first bucket of gold, and at the same time, also learn the management of large companies, finance and other aspects of knowledge, to lay the foundation for their own entrepreneurship, so as to start a business with a high chance of success. The state should also put the preferential policies for college students' self-employment into practice in order to help encourage students to start their own business and expand employment channels. (Ge Limei, director of the Employment Guidance Center of Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications) Voice independent entrepreneurship is conducive to the growth of their own entrepreneurship when the boss to run their own business with all their heart, to do a very detailed and specific planning of every detail of the entire process, considering many aspects. I am very much in favor of, encourage their own business, as long as he or she has so little confidence in themselves, like to choose. Self-employment should make a person grow faster, in which the setbacks and successes are the capital for later; self-employment life should be more fulfilling, clearer goals, and more sense of existence. (Liu Yixi graduated from Beijing Normal University, now working for a magazine) Entrepreneurship needs a transition period thought about starting a business, but then for various reasons, capital problems, choice of business direction, parents' opinions, etc., always feel that it is not so easy to start a business when you just graduated, and also have no experience, know that there are some preferential policies, the specific what is also not very clear. College students start their own business is a kind of exercise, science and engineering students have relative advantages, especially in the study of technology, but there should be a transition stage. (Mr. Zhao graduated from Northeastern University, now working in a bank) Accumulation of experience is very important I know that there are some students in school through the Association or other forms of entrepreneurship, such as helping people save computers, agent cosmetics, wholesale fruit, etc., but most of them are small business, limited scale, the risk is also more school they through this way to accumulate experience, after graduation to start their own business, it is not a good thing. But after all, the big market and the school's small society can not be compared, from personal knowledge to experience need a lot of preparation, I admire the entrepreneurial students of the courage and boldness. I think it is more feasible to work in a company for a period of time, to understand the whole operation process, and to have their own customer base or relationship network before going out on their own. (Ms. Meng graduated from Peking University and is now working in an institution) I feel that the general environment for entrepreneurship is not very mature, and I studied law, so it's not appropriate for me to start a business after graduating from my major, and I don't seem to have heard of any student who started a business after graduating from this major. My personal character is also not suitable for entrepreneurship, I think that students who choose to start their own business should be psychologically able to take risks, have a pioneering sense and creativity, and at the same time have a certain capital base and interpersonal network. Some people choose to start their own business when they don't have all the conditions, they are too blind, and it would be better to start doing it when they have some certainty, but I admire graduates who choose to start their own business, and this kind of daring spirit is what the society should advocate. (Liang Zhihong graduated from the People's University of China, now working in a court of law) viewpoint support: to be used on the knife edge Yang Chenguang college students entrepreneurship, knowledge into capital! This is a loud slogan. But to the reporter's surprise, the policy favoring college students to start their own businesses, in the real "water" entrepreneurial college students there are basically denied. Some students told reporters that once in the market, we are completely in accordance with market rules, as an ordinary legal representative of the competition with other people, can no longer top a student's identity as an umbrella.
The reporter learned that many grass-roots administrative units are aware of the national preferential policies for college students to start their own businesses, but do not know how to operate these provisions, there is no relevant example to learn from, which leads to the national preferential policies for college students to start their own businesses can not be put into practice. The society also has very different views on the preferential policies for college students' entrepreneurship, one believes that the state should have a risk investment mechanism directly for college students, and stimulate students' entrepreneurship through the establishment of risk funds and other preferential policies; the other believes that college students' entrepreneurship should not emphasize too much on the policy concessions, and entrepreneurship must ultimately withstand the test of the market.
To get on the right track and run smoothly, student companies, which are characterized by knowledge and creativity, cannot be separated from a good investment environment in the society and the various good services needed for entrepreneurship. Since 2002, the Ministry of Education, the Ministry of Labor and Social Security, the Ministry of Personnel and other ministries and commissions, as well as many local governments have issued relevant policies to encourage and help college students to start their own businesses and flexible employment. But nowadays it is still difficult for college students to start their own business, and we should pay more attention to college students' entrepreneurship.
One of the major reasons affecting the development of independent entrepreneurship among college students is the lack of necessary practical guidance for the "first step" of independent entrepreneurship taken by college graduates. University graduates include graduates of various institutions and a variety of specialties, graduates of economic and management-related majors, to carry out independent entrepreneurship, compared with graduates of other majors have certain advantages. Graduates who are not majoring in economics and management are relatively unfamiliar with the economic market, and although they have the desire and enthusiasm to start their own business as soon as they leave school, they will be deterred by their own lack of confidence in the face of fierce competition in the market. College students are taught book knowledge, and some even can not be directly used in the market practice of pure ideas, to be investigated alone to choose a promising investment and entrepreneurial projects, it is really difficult. The lack of experience will bring high investment risks, but also make their willingness to start their own business cool, and ultimately choose to give up.
Encouraging university graduates to start their own businesses to solve the employment problem, in addition to changing their employment concepts, it is more important to provide them with the necessary practical guidance on self-employment. The current social employment guidance agencies in such areas as industry selection, market experience to adapt to the practice of entrepreneurship guidance, etc., there are deficiencies, colleges and universities must be entrepreneurial skills and entrepreneurial spirit as the basic goal of higher education, in order to facilitate the employment of graduates, higher education should be primarily concerned with the cultivation of entrepreneurial skills and the spirit of initiative, in order to make college graduates not only become a job-seeker, but also to become a creator of jobs.
The government, in encouraging more graduates to start their own small businesses or to cooperate with others to create small workshops, factories and services for local needs, may wish to select a few typical cases of entrepreneurship as a pilot, such as providing certain preferential rights to use land, giving priority to college graduates for equal contractors, etc., and some other specific needs, such as hukou, archives, etc. to give full attention to the issue.
Government and social guidance, support and protection should be throughout the college students before, during and after the three periods of entrepreneurship, the establishment of an effective guide to youth entrepreneurship, is conducive to the cultivation of entrepreneurial talent "green channel".